نشریه جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه
سال ششم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

This study studies the sociological challenges of growth and development of family businesses in Tehran. In pursuing a theory that can explain their growth and development challenges that these firms are faced. Its main strategy was based on Grounded theory procedures and required data is collected through in-depth interviews. The target group consists of managers of small and medium family businesses in Tehran. 25 of these firms have been interviewed by theoretical sampling. Each interview takes between 30 to 60 minutes. The findings show that this type of enterprises are facing with five major challenges, including the challenges of cultural / identity, grading family, family considerations and challenges of partnership / management. The relationship between these categories are presented in the form of a theoretical model.

The purpose of this paper is to find the answer to the question of what is the relationship between the nature of government finances and the quality of governance. In other words, what affects the government's dependence on resources (natural resources and foreign donations) and taxes on the quality of governance? In order to find the theoretical solution to the problem, the theory of the relationship between government and good governance funds was examined. The target population of this study is from 135 countries with a share of natural resources and their taxes on nonfiscal GDP, as well as from 100 countries with a share of external financing in total non-fiscal state revenues. Data from research variables are collected from various international sources for countries with valid data and analyzed in averaged way over the period 2000 to 2015. A quantitative comparative analysis method and linear regression technique have been used to find the empirical solution of the problem and to test the causal conditions. The present research is based on the meanings of the right to comment and accountability, rule of law, corruption control, political stability, regulatory quality (bureaucracy), government efficiency, government size, political participation and economic freedoms as a good governance indexes. The use and influence of renter sources (natural resources and foreign aid) and taxes on all aspects separately. Research findings show that the governing nature of the studied countries is a function of the amount of income from resource sources (natural resources and foreign aid) and taxes, so that, in proportion to the increase in revenues, the quality of governance decreases and vice versa, with increasing revenues Tax, quality governance increases .

The aim of this paper is to analyze the sociological context of rural entrepreneurship in Iran. By setting 20 semi-structured interviews with twenty entrepreneurship experts and entrepreneurs, and using ATLAS.ti software for analyzing the transcripts, we shed new light on the entrepreneurship as a contextual phenomenon. From theoretical stance, the research based on the social constructionist theories like Gidden’s Structuration Theory, Karl Polanyi’s moral economy and also Arturo Escobar’s post-development notion. We begin from the rethinking of August Comte’s and Joseph Schumpeter’s thoughts and emphasize the factors like discourse, agency, morality, social capital, and nature. The paper is classified in the frame of economic sociology as an academic discipline. Our main argument is that first of all, it is necessary to see rural entrepreneurship as a discourse, and then, economic discourse of rural entrepreneurship should be replaced by the sociological discourse of multi-functional agriculture. Considering and analyzing the rural entrepreneurship as a developmental discourse, intervening the moral elements like preferring the societal interests to individual ones, the sentiment affairs, and naturalism, and finally seeing the multi-functional agriculture as a complementary rural development discourse, are the three main recommendations of this study.

The purpose of this paper is, to analyze administrative- Financial barriers of economic rationalization by utilizing the theoretical approach of Max Weber. In this regard, we analyzed the period of Mirza Taghi Khan-e Amir Kabir’s ministration by using a conflation of interpretation and analytic strategy of historical sociology. The characteristics of Qajar’s financial administrative system as taxation, Barat and its administrative relationship investigated and the reformative attempts of Amir Kabir in every case noted. Then the obstacles of rationalization such as Opposition of tribal elements (Qajar rulers and princes), shortage of skilled officers and the lack of full and continuous cooperation of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar by Mirza Taghi-Khan's actions analyzed. Finally, based on the findings we offered concept of Ellic Patrimonialism as a theoretical adjustment with historical particularities of Qajar Iran. Based on the results of the study, two main reasons for the prevention of the rational economy can be mentioned: severe limited access to specialist and efficient administrative forces due to the specific form of patrimonialism in Iran and the contradiction between the concept of efficiency in the patrimonial administrative system and modern bureaucracy.

According to institutionalize, the weakness of structure and function of the institutions is one of the major problem in underdeveloped countries. Good governance as an opportunity for increasing economic growth, economic security and improving business environment through the deployment of six indicators; control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability and absence of violence, regulatory quality, rule of law and accountability are studied on this paper. The aim of present study is to explain mechanism of relationship between good governance and economic growth, Using vector error correction econometric model, the impact of each of the governance indicators on economic growth during the period 1983-2015 for Iran are examined. The results of the models indicate that all Governance Indicators have a significant positive impact on economic growth. So that between governance indicators, regulation quality and accountability, had the highest and lowest impact on economic growth, respectively. Results of vector error correction coefficients showed that between Governance Indicators, highest error correction coefficient corresponding to accountability indicator with 0.70 percent and lowest coefficient corresponding to rule of law indicator with 0.46 percent are consistent.

Cooperative is presented as one of the three main economic an according to the general policies of Article 44 of the constitution, Contribution of the cooperative sector in the national economy should reach 25% by the end of the Fifth Development Plan, While it is 7 percent now. In this paper, we have tried to understand more about the causes and context of the underdevelopment of cooperatives in the country, as well as the consequences of under development. Therefore, at first step the documents in the Ministry of Cooperatives were analyzed using purposive sampling. Also, using the in-depth and free interview techniques, interviews with administrators as well as researchers, data were collected and set up. The findings show, the challenges and public problems of the country, poor cultural infrastructure, state cooperative challenges as "contextual conditions", Intersectorial cooperative problems, lack of clear planning in the cooperative and weaknesses of human capital in cooperatives as "causal conditions", Authorities’ weakness of cooperatives in the country, cooperative challenges on the international stage and legal challenges of cooperatives as "mediator conditions", short-term view to cooperatives, abnormal interactions and damage to the structure of cooperation as "processes", Failure of cooperatives and mistrust due to the failure of cooperatives as "consequences" are considered as the cooperatives’ underdevelopment. Finally, the concept of "socio-structural obstacles" was selected as "core category".