نشریه تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام
پیاپی 14 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

The gradual spread of Islam in the third century onward the Muslims formed majority population. Based on various sources, have lived peacefully and integration in Fars the Zoroastrian many Muslim residents of without a special distinguish. The peaceful relationship between along with integration between the two parties formed due, fields, and elements of some of factors. The Buyids politics of tolerance and maintaining the rights to along with the Zoroastrian and countered with Extremist groups. The last few opportunities for presence Zoroastrians in social arena providing. The governmentapproach to was reinforced respect the rights of religious orders well as dhimmis and the similarities in practices and ideas. But of Islam did not change much of Iranian culture and inherited and sustaining both groups had a common culture. They are a community, and this was due to the integration both sides. In this query we try to factors affecting the integration of the two groups in The Buyids era on library studies and a descriptive method an analysis and historical Clarifying the our approaches.

The aim of the current study is to investigate the social demands of Iranian women in the constitution period. In this study, the demand of education right for Women and the role of religious adaptations in the success of these demands are explored. The main information source of the current research is the printed matter belonging to the constitution period, which was chosen due to its importance as the main source of information in that historical period. The documentary research method has been used along with Content and Context Analysis. This study demonstrates the fruition of the main demand of Women in the constitution period and the role of using narratives and religious processes as the connecting bridge between the proposal of social demands and the presentation of women’s education right in the constitution period.

As a significance process, identity is not a constant but a fluid and changing issue. The basic components of identity are being changed by passing time and under some events and thoughts. As an identity-building component, the Aria race has been added to other identity components for Iranians in two recent centuries, particularly during the World War I and the years after that. This article has examined the backgrounds and quality of constructing Iranian identity on the basis of race component by using analytical-documentary method. The findings indicate that the propounding of race component as an identity-building one or Iranians is one of achievements of Orientalism. The World War I has affected this process due to the socio-political conditions of Iran and its relation with the Germans.

The policy of centralization of the income from different resources became necessary for the government of Pahlavi I. According to this necessity earning income from the commercial part of the economy attracted attention. It wasn`t possible to have an income at first due tothe heritage the governmentinherited from the reign of Ghajar. Under these conditions organization of commercial economy of Iran to earn more income was necessary.
Therefore this article investigates this question by a historical way. What action did Pahlavi government take from 1303 to 1309? The findings of this article shows that ratification of trade law and commercial and industrial logos, establishment of chambers of commerce, organization of customs system, establishment of national economy ministry, ratification of the supervision over trade of foreign goods and the law of determination of currency and the criterion for it were a series of activities done by the government for the organization of commercial economy. These activities suffered from failure because of the Great Depression of 1929. Under these conditions the government substituted monopoly of commercial economy for the policy of organization of commercial economy.

The current research seeks to answer the question that which path did medicine progress in and how was its status as one of the important branches of the science collection called wisdom and philosophy regarding the tradition and history of this science in Iran and the political and cultural changes of the Seljuk era? The outcomes of this research show that medicine as one of the basic scientific and intellectual traditions in the history of Iran was historically regarded in a contradictory three-dimensional situation due to its specific characteristics and continued to exist. On the one side, due to the spread of religious sensitivities and fanaticism among the religious elites and the commonalty in line with them, medicine suffered from serious limitations in terms of scientific basics and the availability of inclusive educational institutions. But from the other side, medicine because of its connection with the preservation of human health and the treatment of diseases was strongly needed by the governors and the people of power and the political-religious elites. For this reason, this knowledge was restored and developed during the Seljuk period within the framework of the needs of the people of power and social contexts in the form of the two medical schools of Iraq and Khorasan. In the third aspect, the translation and compilation of medical records in Persian was the change that was created in this period in the situation of medicine and became the basis for the future of this knowledge in the history of Iran. The process that happened for the first time and was revealed in Khorasan and Iraq as the most important geographically-cultural areas of Iran during the Seljuk era.

Al-Badʿ va al-Târikh have been written in the formation period of Islamic Civilization by Maqdasi and reflects the discursive struggles of scholars of his era. At the same time, contemporary scholars have described it as an example of rational-philosophical attitude to history in the tradition of Islamic historiography. This paper is an attempt to historically criticize al-Badʿ va al-Târikh and to re-think it according to the theoretical foundations of the social and cultural determination of knowledge, as well as the use of the summary interpretation as a method for reading and criticizing texts, which makes this paper a case study in the field of "hermeneutical sociology of knowledge" applied to the criticism of historical texts. According to a reading of al-Badʿ va al-Târikh based on this framework, the spread of Islamic humanism in the fourth century A.H., which had been accompanied by cosmopolitanism, a kind of secularism, and individualism, as a part of the influential components of the historical context of this period, but rejected as heretic, as Joel Craemer deals with the matter, had created a background on which Maqdasi wrote his book as a discursive act towards the domination/exclusion conditions. In the various chapters of the book, he shows his negative reaction to these conditions and a way out of it by returning to the traditional Sharia and orthodox interpretation of it as the only valuable framework for organizing the lives of Muslims. Therefore, contrary to the rational readings of this work, the past retelling and the narrative of events in this work have been formulated and represented in a controversial and normative way, which must be considered in the historical criticism of its accounts.

The approval of the Legislation of municipality and its formation in some cities of Iran was one of the most consciously done actions which was taken place on the behalf of the first congress representatives and constitutional supporters for the fulfillment of social contribution of citizens for role creating in urban affairs and the manifestation of willingness and identity of people of city. Since Tabriz city enjoyed an important position over the constitutional history in the formation of civil institutions such as state council and city council. In this research, we have tried to analyze the function of Tabriz municipality and the level of its success in the fulfillment of civil goals of this institution specially facing the barriers and problems in the field of increasing the amount of social involvement of citizens in the programs of city management and fulfillment and formation of identity and mass interests and the loss of the importance of Localization discussion by using the analytic – descriptive method and by using library sources, newspapers and archive documents. The findings of this research show that Tabriz municipality failed to achieve most of its goals because of its challenge with so many extreme problems and issues. But it can be understood from the way of expressing and presenting social issues in local newspapers that the municipality along with other civil institutions created from the heart of constitution such as state council which could provide the ground of increasing the awareness of citizens toward the rights of their own citizenship by doing some cultural and social actions. By putting emphasis on the importance of social involvement of citizens in city affairs and selecting its own managers in passing Tabriz urban community from the stage of Localization into the formation of city identity, it played an important and effective role.

Although the study of the historiography of Moskuya is not limited to the book of Tajarob-Al-Omam, it can be said that the main branch of his historiography includes. The prominent historian of the fourteenth and fifth centuries is one of the founders of critical historiography. Who, by composing his works, has made a special attitude in the historiography. The way he uses historiography has had a profound effect on the development of the horizons and the entire history of historiography. The main subject of this paper is to identify the sources of information on the history of Moskuya in Tajarob-Al-Omam. The use of literary and historical sources of ancient Iran, the use of Islamic historiography texts, and the use of field research, such as the acquisition of historical news and evidence from witnesses and observers of events and reflection on events of the time, also in connection with the developments and events of historical periods , Is one of the main axes of the sources and practices used by Ebn-E- Moskuya in gaining historical news and historical knowledge for writing history that has led him to be inherited from the tradition of Iranian and Islamic historiography.