نشریه تاریخ نامه ایران بعد از اسلام
پیاپی 18 (بهار 1398)

The invasion of Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States in Iran in September 1320 and the resignation of Reza Shah Led to the country's unwanted war that has had various consequences in the political, economic and social fields, and the consequences of its practical effect quickly showed in various aspects of society. In this research, the dominance of foreign governments on the country's industries has been evaluated as an example of these consequences. The present paper, by descriptive-analytical method and using archival documents, seeks to answer the following question: What were the consequences of the Allied presence on the industrial economy in Iran. According to the research findings, the Allies, by concluding a tripartite agreement, provided their direct involvement in the affairs of the Iranian industries, which resulted in the closure of some factories, the failure to sell manufactured products and oppression to industrial workers, and eventually Led to the emergence of numerous barracks and strikes.

The issue of islands and ports in Persian Gulf has been a bone of contention due to the British colonial policies and its persistence on those policies especially regarding Bahrain until 1971. The security treaties made between the England and sheikhs were among the most important excuses of the British authorities to reject the claims of Iranian officials over these lands, however until the 1960s, Iran had never stopped claiming governance over Bahrain. Following the changes in global and regional conditions, the need to resolve the border issues, and with the British withdrawal from the region, a dramatic change was developed in the perspective of English and Iranian negotiators and consequently raised the issue of the independence of Bahrain. The issue of Bahrain was finally resolved after Iran agreed to refer the issue to a referendum in 1971 which led to the independence of Bahrain from Iran. This research applies a descriptive and analytical method and uses the library and archival documents to analyze the factors and reasons behind the Iranian British dispute over Bahrain during the two centuries and which factors influenced the decision made by the Pahlavi regime which led to the independence of Bahrain. This study presumes the importance of both a change in international relations after the Second World War and also the change of Internal and regional policies of Iran. Findings suggest that the growing inability of the British government to ensure political and economic benefits in eastern Suez channel, the emergence of Soviet Union and United states as two world powers, the beginning of the cold war, and a growth in national and political movements with an attempt to militarize the region, all laid the ground to resolve the issue and led to the sovereignty of Bahrain.

In recent years, some investigations have been done about modeling of thought development organization form German propaganda Ministry. Yet has not been published any independent work about the potential impact of the German propaganda Ministry's structure and activities at the Hitler time on Forming and activities of Iran's thought development organization at the Reza shah pahlavi time. Present study would examine part of available Iranian and German documents about two governments in this age (1925/1304-1941/1320) and would assess this possibility.
The study plans to answer the question that to what extent there is the possibility of impressionability and modeling of German propaganda Ministry of thought development in terms of cultural procedures and structural. Findings show that thought development organization according to historic, cultural and political circumstances formed largely with modelling form similar programs in German propaganda Ministry and affected by it. These effects are more important in two modelling case from western life and promotion of political totalitarianism.

After the collops of Ilkhanid dynasty, Aq Qounlu confederation with nomadic field succeeded to rule on Diar e Bakr, Jazirah and part of Iran. In other side, Kurds as main population of Aq Qounlu central territory has important political role in this time. Due to the role of Kurds this article try to answer this questions: What was political role of Kurd in relationship to Aq Qounlu dynasty and other rivals? What was effective factors on collaborate and uncollaborated between them?
Results of this research prove that the Kurds by active and opportunistic political with Aq Qounlu rule, acquire important position on political and military hierarchy. Kurd local center in accordingly to military and political power used by Aq Qounlu rule and has main role on establishment and strengthen of this reign. Also nearness and distance of Kurds to center of Aq Qounlu rule is important element in relationship between them.

One of the most obvious manifestations of the change in Iranian's attitude from territorial identity towards religious identity can be seen in the course of geographic Mapping of geographic texts' authors during the 3rd-5th centuries. Using historical methods, and based on theoretical foundations such as "intertextual study", as well as exploring the role of "worldview" of geographers in this evolutionary process, the present research attempts to study these writings in the intended centuries. The results of the research in geographic texts indicate that the concept of identity has changed from aspect of the land in the third century AH to the religious and spiritual aspects in the fourth and fifth centuries AH. Thus, geographers in the 3rd century AH emphasizing the geography of Iranshahr (Asōristān) or the current area of Iraq and Iran, considered it as the most important territory among the seven domains and assigned the highest position of description to that region. However, with the beginning of the fourth century AH and simultaneously with the spread of Islam and the growth of Islamic religious trends, as well as ruling of the Turkish dynasties of consensus with the caliphate system; Mecca and the land of revelation became more important in the name of holiness. Therefore, the comparison of the geographical texts from the 3rd to the 5th centuries indicates an evolutionary trend of the geographic thought from "Iranshahr-centered" toward "Mecca- centered". In fact, as a kind of declining national and territorial self-consciousness, Iranshahr-centered thinking related to third century was no longer possible to survive in the fourth and fifth centuries AH, and eventually gave its place to the "Mecca-centered" Islamic perspective.

Since the succeeding of the Timurid showing a grave interest at urbanism, many cities, such as Shiraz, Yazd, Samarqand, and Harat flourished wide-spreadly. Hence, investigation upon civil engineering and urbanism finds inevitable significance over this paper. Attempting to investigate upon the crucial and influential factors contributing to urbanism in the era, the present paper seeks to present a portrait of civil context and urbanism and account for the fact that how the perspectives and attitudes of the great figures of the age contributed to the development of this phenomenon. The type of this study is historical, and the method of the paper is analytical-descriptive. The provided data has been collected documentarily, drawn from libraries in a bibliographic method. The results show that governors' interest at urbanism as well as developmental ambition of the elites and patricians' attention of the age all contributed to prosperity of this era.

Disruptions of Iranian Society ,So widespread, after the fallen of the Abbasid caliphat, and This society was finally degenerate, Hence, from the begnning some Iranian intellectuals and elites, sought to eliminate these abnormalities and attempted to do in various ways, In the meantime, Fazlullah Roozbahan Khonji, that One of the thinkers in Aq Qoyunlu periode, that Knowing this Situation, and using various tricks for inculcating a Shariah government, has explained, Established Aq Qoyunlu, based on the notion Mojadade Maae, In fact, Khonji, in pursuit of this goal, and by using other elements, such as persuasiveness, interpretation, and symbols of Iranshahrit,s thought, such as Divine wrongs, justice, and wisdom, introduce the legitimacy of the Aq Qoyunlu, Hence, these elements have been used in the Alam Araye Amini. Of course, this approach, of Khonji, during his visit to the Uzbek court, as the theorist of the advocate of this government, was reflect in the works, as Solouk Al molouk and Mehman Nameye Bukhara.

Public opinion or attention to the masses has long been present in human history. although it was not until the Enlightenment and is not subject to scientific research. Despite the domination of kings and rulers over people's lives Undoubtedly, people have been one of the components of the ruling government under his rule that manner in which the importance of people in the field of politics is to the kind of position and approach that they have had for their rulers. During the second half of the fifteenth century Iran, Aq Quiunlu was ruled in western Iran and government organization to was organized Tribal form and administered. The rule of Aq-Qouyunlu, though most of the time, was a struggle between tribal leaders but he could not ignore the people and the socioeconomic conditions governing his community Because every government needs to know the right of its government to the ruling people to be accepted from them. This research, based on the descriptive-analytical method and the use of library resources, intends to examine the approach of the Government Aq Quiunlu to attract public opinion to establish popular acceptance. From the perspective of this study, Aq Quiunlu after the establishment of his government, especially in the era of the Osun Hasan One of the most important duties of the king was to restore justice to the people at the community level and to pay attention to their problems. Additionally, the government of Aq Quiunlu was drawing public attention to itself, the issue is to ease the flow of tax collection and reduce the economic and financial pressures and the subject of religion to provide grounds for the identification and acceptance of its government among the general public.