نشریه زیست شناسی کاربردی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1394)

Dogs were domesticated from grey wolf about several thousand years ago with the beginning of agricultural activities . High genetic diversity and many varied breeds of domestic dogs are found in the world. Indigenous in Hamedan province try to cross bred between dogs and wolves in order to have hybrid animals as guard dogs. The relationships between Hemedan`s dogs with the other Iranian ones have been investigated using mtDNA control-region sequence data from a subset of 55 individuals (29 dogs of Hamedan province and 26 individuals extracted from NCBI). Our results revealed an existence of high genetic diversity in Iranian dogs. Dogs in Hamedan Province have complex relationships and among them, observed several common haplotypes. The dogs in the province, have extensive communication with dogs in the other province, especially with northern area and western area. In fact, this communication complexity indicates behavior of chaos reproductive in the dog domestication.

is one of the most important families of Angiosperm which has various edible and medicinal usages. Lycuim genus of this family contains different compounds such as carbohydrates and anti-oxidants. A medicinal species of this genus, L.barbarum, is proposed to have some polysaccharides with anti-cancer properties. This study was carried out to detect and analyze the carbohydrate content of Lycium species grown in Iran and compare it with its medicinal sp., L.barbarum. Amount and quality of soluble sugars, reducing sugars and polysaccharide content of 6 species- L. ruthenicum, L. kopetdaghi, L. depr-essum sub sp. Turcomanicum and sub sp. angustifolium, L. edgworthii, L. shawii, L. makranicum were compared with each other and with L. barbarum. Amongst the studied species, L. markranicum had the highest amount of soluble leaf sugars, reducing sugars and polysaccharide content. The fruit polysaccharide content was highest in L. ruthenicum, and L. edgworthii had the highest soluble sugars and reducing sugar amounts. The studied species had close similarity in their leaf and fruit soluble sugar quality except L. shawii. No difference was seen in the quality of leaf polysaccharide content of the studied species. Fruit polysaccharide content of L. ruthenicum and L. kopetdaghi showed the most similarity with the L. barbarum. The results indicate that the Lycium species grown in Iran have the potential to produce various carbohydrates and are competitive to L. babarum.

Ecotourism and ecological and conservational importance of Hyrcanian forests are among the most important reasons for studying arboreal species of Hyrcanian forests. The main purpose of this study is to explore genetic diversity of
Carpinus orientalis in the study area; north of Iran, by using of morphological and SDS-PAGE of the seed storage proteins patterns. Seed samples were collected from different populations of provinces, Gilan, Mazandaran, Golestan and Khorassan-e-Shomali. The morphological studies performed by 28 characteristics analysis. Seed proteins extracted by Tris-Glycine buffer and then total protein quantified by Bradford assay and protein pattern of the populations was determined by SDS-PAGE technique. Morphological and bands electrophoresis patterns data were analyzed by PAST software. Results showed that, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis pattern of populations have 10 band polymorphisms. The maximum numbers of bands are related to Chalus and Kiasar populations, in the Mazandaran, and minimum numbers of bands are related to Chichal populations, in the Guilan. Resulted clusters from morphological and seed storage protein were different forms. Furthermore, the speed of morphological and genetic changes are not comparable.

Cereal and legume kernels contain many α-amylase inhibitors which have the potential to inhibit the α-amylase activity from various sources. The subject of this study was the partial purification of α-amylase inhibitors of red bean seeds. To this end, extractions were carried out in three parts with different saturation percentages of ammonium sulfate. Iin order to remove ammonium sulfate and monitor the inhibitory activity of the extracts on Aspergillus oryzae α-amylase, dialysis was carried out. By assaying the rate of inhibitory activity of each sample on the basis of their absorbance in 540 nm and comparison to absorbance of negative control, it was observed that only (30-60)% fraction of each extract had inhibitory activity on the α-amylase. Inhibitory effect of these fractions for red bean extract were calculated to be 89.32 %. For further characterization of these inhibitors, HPLC and SDS-PAGE analyses were carried out. By assaying the activity of these inhibitors on other α-amylases such as salivary and pancreatic α- amylases, it may be feasible to use these- amylase inhibitors similar to other inhibitors such as Acarbose and Miglitol, for the treatment of type II diabetes. The results may also be applicable in agriculture in the design of transgenic plants that express α-amylase inhibitors against α-amylases of pests.

Auxins are important and critical phytohormones for plant growth and development. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a natural auxin in plant tissues that plays an important role in physiology and differentiation of plants. Tryptophan (Trp) an aromatic amino acid serves as a precursor of IAA biosynthesis pathway. It is also used as a component of proteins, and various secondary metabolites synthesis in plants. In this study tobacco plantlet were cultured in MS medium supplemented with tryptophan at 0, 0/025 and 0/05 M concentrations. After 4 weeks post treatment, the IAA content was measured in apical leaves. The IAA content after Tryptophan treatments showed significant difference compared with untreated plants. Results showed that the highest level of IAA in the plants cultured on tryptophan free medium while, the lowest level of IAA was found in the plants in the culture medium with 0/05 M tryptophan. When photosynthetic pigments were measured, results of chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids showed no difference in treated capered with untreated plants.. The same pattern was observed for other physiological parameters. In plants treated with Trp compared with untreated a 40 KD protein showed up regulation.

Wetlands are the most sensitive ecosystems on Earth. Mighan wetland is the last ecological ring of Arak plain. Discharge of sewage into this wetland result in region ecological changes. Because of the extend role of this wetland in ecological and environmental protection of it’s around life, need to pay attention. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals )Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn( in 8 stations of Mighan in summer, autumn and winter by atomic absorption spectrometry in 2012. Results showed that the highest concentration of Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn were in the location of collision channels, the exit of solute factory 1, middle island1and 2, road side, middle island 2, Road side, respectively. The maximum amounts of Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn was observed in summer and the maximum amount of Al was observed in autumn. There were some correlations between Zn and COD, Fe with Cr and COD, Cr with Ni and COD, Cu with Ni and COD, Ni with COD in summer, Fe with COD and BOD, Cr with Cu and Ni, Cu with Ni and COD, Ni with COD in autumn and Fe with COD and BOD, Cr with Ni, Cu with pH, COD with BOD in winter. Overall, it seems the wetland stations had higher concentration of heavy metals compared to the wastewater stations in summer, especially. This result obtained in comparison to department of the environment’s national standard.

Polyacrylic fibers which contain 85% acrylonitrileandnano sliver-titanium can be used as antibacterial fibers in textile industry. After consuming these fibers, they can disperse in the environment and become harmful for soil bacteria. Biodegradation of these fibers can be a suitable approach for the removal of these Asnano-silver-titanium was used in the fibers. The microorganisms which were resistant to the nano particle were isolated and biodegradation of the monomer and polymer were investigated. PHGII medium with 50ppm concentration of nano particle (p105) was used for isolating resistant microorganisms. The resistant microorganisms were then inoculated in BPM medium with 1007 ppm acrylonitrile concentration and the degradation of acrylonitrile was investigated by GC. Finally the degradation of acrylic fibers in BPM for the production of acrylic acid was investigated by HPLC. In this study, Kluyvera georgiana was isolated from sludge of Isfahan polyacryl plant that was resistant to 50 ppm nano-silver-titanium (p105) and degraded 969.9 ppm acrylonitrile whilst the bacterium did not degrade the fibers.