نشریه زیست شناسی کاربردی
سال سی و یکم شماره 2 (تابستان 1397)

Cancer is one of the problems of human society that threatens human health. Since anti-cancer drugs have multiple side effects, identification of the biological processes and the protozoan antigens leads to the introduction of suitable candidates. In this experimental study, the effect of cisplatinum and Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania major peptic ulcers on isolated, susceptible (A2780-CP) and susceptible (A2780) and resistant strains (A2780) to Cysplatinum was evaluated individually and combined. MTT test was used to determine the cell survival and trypan blue coloring was used to determine the cell proliferation and cell count. Data were calculated using SPSS software and GraphPad prism5 software. The amount of cell proliferation in the two experimental groups was significantly lower than the control group. The highest reduction in proliferation and dead cells was observed in two experimental groups in the group treated with Leishmania major peptic ulcer extract with cisplatin. Parasitic extracts of Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania Major can have significant lethal effects on both cancer cell lines due to their complex excretion / secretion antigens.

Phytoremediation is a low-cost and effective technology that removes pollutants, such as dye-containing effluents, from the environment through the use of plants. In the present study, the potential of Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. in biodegradation of malachite green dye was evaluated. The results revealed that the plant capability in decolorization of the dye is as high as 90%. Moreover, high ability of the plant in consecutive removal in long term repetitive experiments confirmed the dye biodegradation by the plant. Some biochemical and physiological responses of the plant treated with different concentrations of the contaminant were studied and the results showed that increasing in the dye concentration could lead to the notable increase in the activities of superoide dismutase and peoxidase enzymes, confirming important role of these two enzymes in plant adaptation to existence of malachite green in the environment. Additionally, it was found that enhance in plant biomass, temperature and pH could lead to the increase in decolorization efficiency. In contrast, increasing in the dye initial concentration led to the increase of C/C0.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is one of the most important edible oil grains of legume in the world, that understanding the genetic variation among its varieties in choosing the variation and transferring the useful genes is valuable.To study the genetic relationships and diversity of peanut varieties, 10 varieties of peanuts were planted in a research farm in Lasht-Nesha (Guilan) in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. After harvesting the seeds peanut varieties, soluble protein was performed by the Bradford method and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of seed proteins. In survey of the soluble protein, a local variety of Guilan (Goli) was in group A alone Separately, than the other varieties. Analysis of protein bands with Total lab software showed 17 bands visible on the vertical gel. The highest level of expression of protein was band 11 with a molecular weight of 26 kDa were observed in all genotypes. Cluster analysis of protein bands by Ward method and cut it in 50% similarity, divided genotypes in four groups. Genotypes 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 in the first group, genotypes 3, 4 and 5 in the second group and genotypes 1 and 2 were separately in groups third and fourth. In general, the results showed that enough diversity in the seed proteins was observed among peanut varieties.

Algae as the first circle of food chain are of particular importance. The isolation and identification of algae due to antioxidant compounds such as carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamins and essential fatty acids, used extensively in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic. In this research the samples were collected from Bandar Turkman in Caspian Lake and cultivated on F2 and BBM medium in suitable condition. Morphology and molecular (18s rDNA) techniques used to identify the isolated species. Methanolic extract was used to measure chlorophyll a, b, total carotenoids and antioxidant activity spectrophotometry. The isolated species were identified as Acutodesmus obliquus and Desmodesmus armatus based on the gene sequence and morphological characters. According to DPPH and FRAP methods, the antioxidant activity of Acutodesmus obliquus was more thanDesmodesmus armatus. According to the results obtained here these two species has relatively high antioxidant activity which need further complementary experiments to prove safety and nontoxicity to use in food and medical industries.

The aim of this study was to evaluate possible effect on antioxidant status on ghost protein carbonyl and protein sulfhydryl content and ghost and plasma. The 35 subjects referred to sleep laboratory were examined by polysomnography for obstructive sleep apnea. According to AHI (Apnea-hypopnea index), patients were categorized in two groups; mild (n=17) and severe (n=18). The fasting blood samples taken in morning after sleep study for protein carbonyl, protein sulfhydryl, and Malondialdehyde (MDA) assays as antioxidant indexes and confounding factors such as smoking and high blood pressure were studied. The mean of protein carbonyl were 4.17 ± 0.42 nmol/mg and 5.59 ± 0/49 nmol/mg and protein sulfhydryl content 7.09 ± 0.66 and 8.70 ± 2.03 in patients with mild and severe obstructive sleep apnea respectively. For MDA content in red blood cells 0.25 ± 0.02 nmol/mg, 0.28 ± 0.04 nmol/mg, and MDA content of plasma were 0.93 ± 0.06 nmol/mL and 1.35 ± 0.29 nmol/mL in mild and sever OSA patient for respectively. Protein carbonyl content was known as the only biomarker that showed significant (p<0.05) difference in both groups. . According to the results in this study it can be proposed that protein carbonyl content in patient with sever obstructive sleep apnea has changed significantly. It may be a consequence of oxidative stress effect on membrane protein resulted from apnea.

Thymus vulgaris is a plant of the Lamiaceae family, with numerous medicinal, antioxidant and nutritional properties. Growth and crop productivity and antioxidant activities of the plant are affected by many environmental factors such as drought. Therefore, a controlled experiment under in vitro conditions was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress on growth, accumulation of compatible metabolites and antioxidant activity of thyme seedlings. Seedlings of thyme were cultured in MS medium containing 0, 2 and 4% sorbitol and mannitol for 14 days. Both sorbitol and mannitol were found to reduce the growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments but increased the proteine, secondary metabolites and catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activity. Compared to the control, both treatments led to a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity at 4% while no significant differences were observed between control and mild stress (2%). Moreover, the results indicated that the accumulation of compatible metabolites, proline and the reducing sugar contents in leaves and roots, increased significantly with increasing drought concentration in the culture media. Increased compatible metabolites, secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymesactivities could consider as a defensive reaction of thyme against drought stress.

Using of Nano-materials is one of the suitable ways for increasing of abiotic resistance in plants. In the current research, wild pear seedlings were irrigated with different concentrations of TiO2 and SiO2 NPs such as 0, 10, 100, 500 and 100 mgL-1. After this pretreatments, irrigation was stopped for 14 days to induce drought stress on the seedlings. At the end of the experiment, relative water content, xylem water potential, root biomass, electrolyte leakage rate, proline content and catalase enzyme activity were measured. The results showed that although both types of nanoparticles were differentially absorbed by roots of wild pear seedlings, the amelioration of water deficit in terms of all studied variables were observed for both of NPs with a slight differences between them. SiO2 NPs was more successful in improving root biomass and relative water content. On the other hand, TiO2 NPs was more successful in improving xylem water potential and catalase activity. Finally, amelioration effects of both NPs were clearly proved by the current research but further experiments are advised to find out involved mechanisms.

This investigation was carried out because of the importance of IAA production by bacteria and its role in rooting induction in drought, saline and saline-sodic soils., especially.In this investigation, 400 bacteria were isolated from soils with different levels of electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and analyzed the variability of their ability in IAA production and the effects of different amounts of tryptophan and drought-salinity tensions on IAA production.Results indicated that the effects of drought and salinity tensions on variability of IAA production were significant, statistically. One of bacterial species as Arthrobacter siccitolerans that was isolated from saline-sodic soils, was IAA producer and had the highest dtability in tensions. Also, this bacterium was osmotolerant and halotolerant and continued to IAA production up to EC of 40 dS.m-1 and OP (Osmosis pressure) of -20 bar. A. siccitolerans has a high efficiency in tryptophan consumption in tension conditions. So, IAA production per unit of consumed tryptophan was 0.1, and reported as the most efficient bacterium in drought-salinity conditions. So, According to the tests on isolates, A. siccitolerans was proposed for field experiments in drought, salinity and salinity-sodicity affected soils.

Transient expression in the plant leaf cells is a relatively fast technique to analyses regulatory sequences. To gain the approach advantages, a convenient expression vector would be needed for transient analysis of regulatory elements. In this study, to construct such a vector we used pBGi which provides the regulatory elements cloning site::minimal promoter as insert and pCAMBIA3301 that after removing the CaMV 35S promoter was used as backbone. The new vector, pCaBGi was constructed by replacing BamHI/SnaBI fragment (cis-acting cloning site::Minimal promoter) of pBGi with a BamHI/SnaBI fragment (CaMV 35S promoter) isolated from the pCAMBIA3301. The recombinant colonies were screened using colony PCR with and accuracy of the construction steps has been confirmed by sequencing using PSh4-F2/R specific primers. GUS assay showed that the intron containing GUS gene do not expressed agrobacterium strain GV3101 as a prokaryotic system. Injection of GV3101 harboring pCaBGi in tobacco leaves showed very low Basal expression of minimal promoter. The Sequence of pCaBGi has been submitted to gene bank using sequin software with the Accession number MG719235.

Genus Lacerta, belonging to family Lacertidae, contains eight species. Previous studies did not clarify the actual taxonomic situation of Lacerta strigata. The main purposes of the present study are re-examining the phylogenetic relationship of green lizards (with special focus on L. strigata) by adding more samples and also investigating L. strigata intraspecific genetic structure in its geographic distribution. Therefore, 20 new samples were obtained from Armenia, Georgia and north of Iran. All samples were sequenced for a mitochondrial gene, cytochrome b. Additional sequences obtained from GenBank were added to our sequences and the resulted data set was analyzed using two different phylogenetic inference approaches; Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian. The results indicate that all species in genus Lacerta form a monophyletic group and the Caspian green lizard is sister taxon to all other species in the genus. Also, there are two separate clades within the species which are also geographically distinct. This study confirms the results of previous studies which is the separation of the Caspian green lizard from other species in the genus.

In this study, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of eight native apple varieties selected from the Azerbaijan area were evaluated. The studied varieties included 8 varieties consisting of Romina, Manochehri, Meshki, Torsh Alma, Sari Alma, Khan Almasi, Kozehee and local autumn that the varieties of Torsh Alma, Sari Alma and Khan Almasi were selected as the summer cultivars, and the varieties of local autumn, Romina, Manochehri, Meshki and Kozehee were selected as autumn cultivars. This experiment was carried out in Kahriz Horticultural Research station, Urmia in the form of completely randomized blocks design with three replications. The results of data variance analysis indicated the difference between varieties in terms of quantitative and qualitative studied traits, and revealed that the impact of variety on fruit total soluble solids (TSS), fruit pH, fruit ascorbic acid content (vitamin C), and fruit tissue firmness, fruit sugar and fruit juice is significant at 1% level. In the study, the varieties of Manochehri, Khan Almasi, Kozehee and Meshki had the highest content of total soluble solids (TSS), fruit sugar, ascorbic acid content, pH and fruit juice, and were in the superior statistical group. Also, the two cultivars of Khan Almasi and Torsh Alma had the highest tissue compared to other varieties.