فهرست مطالب

فقه و تاریخ تمدن - سال دهم شماره 40 (تابستان 1393)

فصلنامه فقه و تاریخ تمدن
سال دهم شماره 40 (تابستان 1393)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1393/06/09
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Laleh Dehghani Tafti, Mahmood Mahdavi Damghani Page 11
    In the course of history, some places have been the center of attention due to their strategic positions, scientific, social, political or economic importance as well as holiness and religious merits. However, apart from the fore-mentioned reasons, there are some areas which have been considered important due to their natural beauty, tourist attraction and pleasing views. In the past, the Islamic world was identified with many natural promenades, attractive sceneries and pleasant weather. However, four areas have attracted the attention of tourists and Muslim geographers most. They are known as the “Quadruplet Heavens”: Sughed Samarkand, Shaab Bevan, Abelleh River and Damascus Ghouta. The question is: why, among all others, only those four places have gained so much importance over a number of centuries? This paper has found it worthy to have an analytical look at the matter by reviewing Noveiri’s famous book, “Nihaiah-al-Urb”, in which the author skillfully describes those four places based on his observed knowledge, in prose and poem. The findings of this review reveal that it was not simply because of their natural beauty and good weather that such places received the attention, but also because they were located in geographically strategic positions, mainly near frequently used roads and major trading roots.
    Keywords: Quadruplet Heavens, “Nihaiah, al, Urb”, Noveiri
  • Ahmad Hadidi, Esmat Savadi, Masoumeh Dolatabadi Page 33
    It is about a century that the issue of women’s holding high-level political positions has been a matter of controversy, having its own advocates and opponents. There is a general agreement that the managerial positions at macro levels have been being held by only the male authorities. Thus, being engaged with masculine views, they cannot rightfully perceive women’s needs and problems. Therefore, it is vital for the other half of the society to take part in macro decisionmaking managerial jobs in order to pay due attention to their own needs. So, this article aims at discussing the matter by scrutinizing the competency and qualification of women in handling special political positions, like presidency, with a reference to legal and juridical evidence. Drawing on the principle law of “Permit”, nobody can be deprived of their rights unless the restriction is explicitly stated in the constitution. Thus, the findings of this applied review study favor women’s holding macro managerial positions. As a result, there is no legal or juridical prohibition or restriction for women to be the president.
    Keywords: Masculinity, Presidency, Judgment, Jurists, Constitution
  • Ahmad Fooladian Page 59
    Press, as the most effective medium among the mass media, plays a vital role in illuminating the public mind. The rate of the newspaper read by the people in a society can be regarded as an index of their social participation and a measurement of their showing concern about as well as a sense of belonging to their own social destiny. Such concerns well depend on the people’s trusting the honesty on the part of the mass media, the press in particular. The objective of this study is to determine the social factors having impact on the level of trust in the frequently published newspapers through a survey of students’ views at Islamic Azad University of Quchan. The data for this sectional survey study were gathered through cluster sampling. Research-made questionnaires were distributed among 359 students of Islamic Azad University of Quchan in 1393. In this research, we used Pearson correlation, one-way analysis of variance, stepwise multiple regression and independent T-test. The findings revealed that the socio-economic status, sex, level of education, field of study and the level of their social capital have meaningful relationship with the level of trust they put in the newspapers.
    Keywords: Social capital, Social trust, Socio, economic status, Press honesty
  • Fatemeh Kalantar, Gholamreza Abdoli Page 81
    Brand or the trading symbol is referred to as a special sign or symbol used by organizations to introduce their products or services, distinct from those produced or offered by the other companies and organizations. The concept of branding has also been used in the Islamic jurisprudence where the holy Quran identifies some foods as “halal” (kosher); thus, advertising and introducing these foods to the true believers and followers. Brand engineering deals with thinking of and developing the best design, imaging, customer loyalty and brand management. Branding aims at helping the consumers to find their desired quality products and services. Further, branding functions as some sort of support for the producers by monopolizing the right to them so that they can use the brand for introducing their products or services. They also have the right to sell or rent the brand through legal channels for a given time, the duration of which depends on the type of contract they make and the price paid by the purchaser.
    Keywords: Branding, Logo, Brand engineering, Halal brand
  • Mehdi Mohammadkhani Page 109
    Under the great influence of Islamic principles, every aspects of Iranians’ life, from social and cultural dimensions to those of politics and economics, have gone into dramatic development. Thus, in respect to the need for improving the culture of labor, including the relationship between the employees and employers, as well as investigating the insufficiency of the law of labor, this study aims at drawing on Islamic rules to compensate for the failure. To this end, this study comparatively investigates the possible compliances between the existing legal rights of labor and those prescribed by Islamic principles. The particular focus is on achieving a moral manifesto of conduct regarding the mutual understanding between the employers and employees in terms of their rights and obligations. So, having analyzed the data gathered through a review of library sources, this study came to realize that religion plays an inevitably vital role in developing human civilizations and cultures. Accordingly, the comprehensive Islamic jurisprudence has addressed all sorts of patterns and models regarding legal rights of labor and laborer, including labor contracts, void contracts, forbidden businesses and leasing. So, it is essential for the legislature to take a step forward to eliminate the existing insufficiencies of the labor law and reform it by drawing on the relevant jurisprudential principles.
    Keywords: Employee, Employer, Islam, Legal rights of laborers
  • Ardeshir Asadbeygi, Ahmad Ghomashchi Page 135
    After a long period of dispute and segregation, the Safavid dynasty came to power and brought unity and independency to Iran by suppressing all the riots. Having set up the Shiite sect of Islam as the state religion of Iran, they invited different famous scholars from Iraq, Bahrain and Lebanon to promote Shia beliefs among Iranians and founded many religious schools under their own supervision. Thus, the era can be considered as the beginning of official governmental schooling system in Iran, contrary to the common belief holding that it started by the establishment of “Dar-al-Fonon”. The foundation of such religious schools was unique after “Nezamieh” schooling system established by Khawja Nizam –ul- Mulk. Alike the modern educational system of Islamic Republic of Iran, the Safavid educational system also consisted of macro policies, curriculum development, stated goals, specified syllabuses, admission policies, and general and specialized courses of study .
    Keywords: Education, Organization, Methods, Safavid era, Shia scholars, Curriculum