فهرست مطالب

معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر - پیاپی 24 (پاییز 1397)

نشریه معماری و شهرسازی آرمان شهر
پیاپی 24 (پاییز 1397)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/09/02
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Hassan Akbari *, Saeid Teshnehdel Pages 1-13
    Today, access to sustainable environment for more presence of humans in open space should improve the quality of open spaces and human thermal comfort. Hence, the courtyard as an open space is an important element in solar radiation absorption and providing thermal comfort. The aim of this paper is to investigate the climatic performance of traditional courtyard houses, according to shading and sunlit in two cities with different climates: Kashan city (hot-arid climate) and Ardabil city (cold climate). In order to carry out this research, firstly ten types of traditional houses in Kashan and Ardabil were chosen. , thereafter, the shadow and sunlit in almost all floors and walls of courtyards were calculated andanalyzed in June and December using Ecotect software simulations. In order to assess the compatibility level of the selected historical samples of each city with the region’s climate, the average of a composite indexes (shading-sunlit index of walls and floor) of the selected houses in two cities have been compared. The average shading-sunlit index for the houses in Kashan is 0.43 and for the selected houses in Ardabil is 0.40; meaning that in both cities, the houses are relatively compatible with the region’s climate and the cases in Kashan city show more compatible to some extent. Also the results of studies demonstrate that in case studies in both cities, the amount of shaded surfaces have appropriate climate compatibility in warm months; while, in terms of sunlit, they do not have an appropriate climate compatibility in cold months.
    Keywords: Climatic Compatibility, Shading-sunlit Index, Traditional House, Courtyard, Kashan, Ardabil City
  • Somayeh Fadaei Nezhad Bahramjerdi* , Pirouz Hanachi Pages 15-27
    The concept of integrity, as a factor which sustains values and significance of cultural heritage, is regarded as a key criterion in the process of urban heritage conservation and thus, the need for clarification of its factors has been emphasized in the international conventions, documents and scientific papers. Review and analysis of documents, conventions and theories concerning the role of integrity in urban heritage conservation show that in recent decades, the concept of integrity has attracted worldwide attention in the process of selection, assessment, and codification of the comprehensive conservation and management plan of urban heritage. This paper aims to recognize the aspects of integrity concept and tries to refine the prioritization of integrity aspects in the plans and measures of Amir-chakhmagh Square conservation project in Yazd, Iran. To achieve this aim, firstly the conventions and the scientific papers related to integrity are reviewed; consequently the effective aspects in measuring integrity have been selected in three main categories: ‘Structural-historical Integrity’, ‘Functional-social Integrity’, and ‘Visual-aesthetic Integrity’. Thereafter, the prioritizing of these aspects in the Amir-chakhmagh Square conservation is analyzed by quantitative research method and correlation strategy. The findings indicate that the ‘Functional-social Integrity’, ‘Structural-historical Integrity’ and ‘Visual-aesthetic Integrity’, in descending order, have the highest to the lowest contribution to explaining the concept of integrity in the measures taken for Amir-chakhmagh Square conservation project. This indicates the measures have been successful in terms of reviving the social vitality of the square and refurbing the historic buildings around the square by adaptive reuse. Finally, findings from quantitative measurements confirm the theoretical framework of the research which is provided by Jokilehto.
    Keywords: Integrity, Conservation, Evaluation, Amir-chakhmagh Square, Yazd, Iran
  • Masoud Habibi, Maryam Armaghan* , Iman Raeisi Pages 29-39
    In the process of time perception, humans continually try to find the link between the past, present, and future periods. This matter becomes more important, when one tries to understand the events and their outcome; both in the daily dialogue of humans and in the critical encounter with history. Truly, how much do the current events affect our reading of the future? Or, to what extent can our expectation from the future change the interpretation of past events? Thinking about such issues further illustrates the importance of the concept of time. This article will answer the question: “What is the relationship between the various types of concept of time in the daily life of the students and the definition that they have achieved in the academic environment?” Our assumption is: “Although the patterns of daily behavior of students can be the same, but the acquired commentary of architecture students to the concept of time is different from each other; due to learning in architecture.” Also, the statistical population in this study is the architecture students, and the architecture students of Qazvin Islamic Azad University (QIAU) have been selected as a sample population. In the process of writing, first, the data collected in a logical reasoning method determine the theoretical framework of the article; and then the research findings are obtained with a survey approach and the questionnaire. Based on the results obtained, although the daily life of architectural students demonstrates the high role of linear conception, the multi-active concept of time has the highest impact on their critical view of architectural narratives, and on the student’s acquired commentary. Such an approach leads students to a complex understanding of historical narratives.
    Keywords: Time, Time Concept, Linear Time, Cyclical Time, Multi- active Time
  • Niloufar Nikghadam *, Seyed Majid Mofidi Shemirani Pages 41-52
    As an example of extreme hot humid climate, the southern marginal rim of Iran is a perfect candidate for studying climatic patterns. Attention to climatic components in housing design process within this area is therefore essential. Benefitting from the airflow and avoiding heat and radiation are among the most effective approaches towards moderating heat conditions in hot and humid areas. Vernacular houses are principally built to adapt to the climatic needs. Bandar-e Lengeh in southern rim of Iran has vernacular houses with unique patterns to make use of the airflow. With the aid of the Design Builder software application, this article examines heat conditions in such houses in accordance with local wind patterns and airflow in the climatic structure of the houses. It also tries to investigate the extent to wich such airflow effective can be effective in moderating indoor heat conditions of the climatic conditions in Bandar-e Lengeh houses. The article has a practical purpose, which is being followed through application of graphical and simulation packages using Design Builder software version 4.2.0.045 and the ASHRAE55 thermal comfort model. The climate statistics data are prepared by Meteorem 7 software, using weather data from Meteorological Organization of Iran. Conformance of the obtained simulation results show that local wind-flow currents in Bandar-e Lengeh combined with unique climatic patterns of the local houses can help moderation of indoor thermal conditions and provide the best ambient status, regarding air currents temperature and relative humidity in certain hours of the day.
    Keywords: Airflow, Vernacular Houses, Bandar-e Lengeh, Hot-humid, Thermal Moderation
  • Ali Yaran, Parisa Hadavi * Pages 53-67
    In the present century, the emergence of issues such as population growth, public demand for living or working in urban centers, increasing use of land have allowed for existence of high rise residential complexes necessary in most major cities of the world. Despite their benefits and advantages, high-rise residential complexes have also given rise to some limitations and threats and have greatly influenced the quality of urban life. Security is one of the indicators of life quality in cities and lack of sufficient attention to this indicator can lead to significant social harms. Considering the need for increasing security in the contemporary world, it is necessary to study security factors as well as the mechanisms that seems necessary. The present study investigates the factors affecting the security of inhabitants in High-rise residential complexes in Tehran; library studies was used for data collection in the theoretical part of the research and the design indicators such as location and general form of building, controllability of the spaces, guarding and electronic methods, and the use of the guard and the fence, were categorized in order to increase security. Finally, these factors were analyzed in two residential Complexes in Tehran (Vanak Park and Saman). For analyzing the case studies, documents, existing maps, field observations and interviews were used, comparing, and eventually presented in five qualitative sections of a statistical table. The findings indicate that visibility and surveillance play a major role in increasing the security of residents in high-rise residential complexes.
    Keywords: Security, High-rise Residential Complexes, Tehran
  • Khashayar Emadi, Ali Ghaffari* Pages 69-80
    The different offered definitions of “Neighborhood Unit” in various approaches and viewpoints by different specialized views, on the one hand; and excessive attention to expert-oriented and reduced viewpoints as well as neglecting residents’ perception of the neighborhood on the other hand necessitate providing a complete and exact definition of neighborhood which can cover all approaches and viewpoints. Therefore, this paper applied the content analysis research method – descriptive content analysis- to analyze the numerous important neighborhood definitions meticulously. It scrutinizes two different approaches, specialized views (expert-oriented) and the perceptual approach (resident-oriented) in order to extract the most appropriate and repeated indicators, and finally introduce a comprehensive definition of neighborhood according to these indicators. Result show significant differences exist between neighborhood characteristics according to the definitions given by experts, famous theories and perceptual understanding of residents. For instance the definitions of neighborhood center(s), land uses, boundaries of neighborhood and etc. were used to derive the final appropriate indicators obtained from both approaches. The indicators are: neighborhood boundaries including streets and traffic roads; natural elements and social distinctions such as racial or ethnical distinctions; neighborhood area as it is perceptible for residents (50-500 acres); neighborhood land use (providing daily and weekly needs, appropriate access); economic- social homogeneity (social class, and income level of residents, land value); social interaction (social relations and residents’ participation); and semantic and particular symbols of neighborhood (natural and historical characteristics and neighborhood meanings).
    Keywords: Neighborhood Definition, Expert Approach, Perceptual Approach, Residents Definitions, Specialists Definitions
  • Zeinab Adeli, Mojtaba Rafieian* Pages 81-95
    The policy of creating new towns in developing countries like Iran has been implemented to provide housing, reduce high migration rates to major metropolises and be incorporated within regional developmental policies. These new towns in Iran, however, face some problems. One of the most important challenges these towns deal with is that unwillingness of the residents to stay there after the improvement of their economic situations. Urban planners cite various reasons for this phenomenon, including the excessive dependence of these towns on metropolises and low quality urban services and facilities. However, the low level of residents’ social capital accounts for one of the main factors for reduced place attachment and desire to stay in a place. This research studies the relation between the three concepts of social capital, place satisfaction and place attachment and their effects on residents’ desire to stay in a new town. The investigation was completed using structural equation models and confirmatory factor analysis. The model was tested on a sample of 383 residents of Andishe New Town, located 30 kilometers west of Tehran. The findings reveal that the indicators of social capital directly affect place satisfaction and place attachment. These three indicators explain the desire to stay in a new town. Therefore, this model provides a conceptual framework for research on social capital, place satisfaction and place attachment. Social development strategies can also be used as a planning tool to enhance place attachment and population stabilization in new towns. Therefore, apart from improving the objective conditions of the environment, social capital and place attachment can be effective factors for the population stabilization strategy.
    Keywords: Social Capital, Place Satisfaction, Place Attachment, Structural Equation Model, Andisheh New Town
  • Mehdi Mirmoini *, Abbas Azari Pages 97-108
    Cities are in search for new ways to get promoted. Regarding the fast changes in technology and the shift from local to a globalized environment, cities are forced to compete with each other in order to become an attractive tourist destination, workplace, cultural rich place and much more. City branding has been introduced as a new and creative solution to be adopted by cities to achieve success in this hard competition. Although the promotion of cities dates back to the 19th century, the emergence of concepts such as place marketing, place branding, and city branding is relatively new in the academic language. City branding is not only a promotional activity but also it should be considered as a strategic process. So, city branding should be a vision-driven process in order to be successful. But unfortunately, there is a gap in strategic city branding literature from the practical point of view. This study focuses on filling this gap by reviewing the evolution of city branding from city marketing, identifying the relations between city branding and strategic spatial planning and then examining the lessons learned in the case study of Damavand city near Tehran. Thus, Damavand strategic city branding process is explained step by step in this article, as to create an applicable framework for other Iranian cities like Damavand which have great branding potentials. This strategic process led to identifying Damavand’s branding vision as “A Mythical Paradise”, and also proposing 42 different city branding plans for Damavand
    Keywords: City Branding, Strategic Planning, Damavand City, City Image, City Marketing