فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 15 (زمستان 1390)

Currently, most cities of Iran face geomorphologic constraints on their physical development. Ilam city has a mountainous plane surrounded by highlands. This is assumed to have caused problems and has stopped the physical development of the city. The aim of this research is to study the capabilities and limitations of the geomorphologic development of the city of Ilam. Furthermore, this study attempts to investigate the possible physical risks which have stopped the physical and geomorphologic development of the town. The research methods applied are descriptive- analytic method, library research, field study assisted by GIS and AHP using the EXPERT CHOIEC software which helped to produce and analysis the direction of development of the zoning map of the city of Ilam. The results shows that site selection of Ilam city in the past was not based of geomorphologic, geological and environmental factors which led to geomorphologic limitation such as slop, hillside process and fluvial, subsidence, erosion which in turn these factors led to the increase of cost and the possibility of natural hazards. Except for the land located in Northwest of Ilam city other directions are hazardous which might cause problems due to the increase of slope, location adytum fluvial and mass movement. These factors have appeared to be limiting the development of Ilam city.

An analysis of rural communities show segregation patterns in villages as the result of tribal and language relationships as well as the pattern of dependence in the past decades in Iran. This case study reveals that dependence of every person on his/her tribe had determined the location of his / her house in the village. Nowadays, segregation pattern has been changing drastically in villages due to change of rural – urban linkage, expand of cities. The impacts of these cities on villages are more visible in peripheral villages.The results of this case study showed that segregation pattern has changed noticeably due to the changing relationship between Nour Abad and peripheral villages, the entrance of the migrants and the impact of city capitals. The segregation pattern that was observed to have had occurred for tribal and language dependence in the past, now, is changing for economic dependence and the types of relationships. It was found that the location of every house in the village is decided based on economic status not for tribal and language status.

At the present time, many cities of the country are facing with a problem called erosive textures. These textures were the archaic cores of cities and by lapse of time they have been eroded and are not efficient anymore, or have been shaped against the architecture and urban design regulations. Therefore, they face with so many problems and these problems cover the whole city. According to the scope and the intensity of issues regarding the textures, it seems that the inclination toward the permanent development goals in the field of reformation of these textures is the most efficient approach for dealing with limitations and defaults.The method in this research is descriptive and the information is collected via documentary and observational methods (questionnaire, interview and observation). In the statistical society of this research, Sajadieh street has more than 5347 population. By the analysis of economical, social, anatomical and environmental features of the domain which is under the study, and having interviewed the residents of the mentioned neighborhood, the anatomical problems and difficulties with 36 percent have been located to have had caused dissatisfaction to the residents. After the anatomical difficulties, respectively the economical difficulties with 26 percent and social difficulties with 25 percent and environmental difficulties with 13 percent are the highest percents of all. To analyze the information, software such as Gis, Excel and SPSS are used. In this research it is attempted to look differently at reformation and reconstruction of the erosive textures of city by the analysis of the permanent development issues.

Due to the increasing rate of population, developing the agricultural and industrial activates, sever need for water, wrong usage (of water), on the one hand, and the occurrence of the drought on the other hand, it is necessary in the present situation to understand the water potentials of every region in order to make decision about the protection and utilization of water resources. Because of the great significance of the Karst Water Rsources, it is very important to recognize and study the effective factors in the amount of their discharge. In this research 27, 24 and 23 climatic variable were in turn obtained from the meteorology statistic of the synoptic station of Khorramabad in a large scale and using different regression methods, the role of the most important one about the variable of annual, seasonal and monthly discharge amount of the four Karstic Water Resources of Khorramabad, were studied and analyzed with regard to the statistic indicators such as the R-sq indicator. Through the method of “the best subsets”,3 to 5 parameters were used in the regression equation of every water resource, and after testing the needed theories, the practicality of these models in the annual scale for the water resource of Motahary, Golestan, Kio, and Gerdab Sangy whit the R-sq of in turn 73.1%, 0.55, 0.82.5 was approved. Overall findings showed that multiple regression equations obtained to predict the discharge of Karstic Springs Khorramabad, precipitation variables of Monthly periods, seasonally and annual have weaker roles than the temperature variables. Lowest temperatures were recognized as an effective variable in the estimated values of discharge, among the variables of temperature.

In this paper, the security in the city of Babolsar have been analyzed considering physical indicators. Secondary sources have been used in this research. The main research data to analyze if the city feels safe physical environment within defined parameters, has been collected through field observation in 16 branches of city neighborhoods. The aim of this article is to analyze the Hierarchy Security in Babolsar city neighborhoods based on physical indicators.The methods used were descriptive - analytical. In order to analyze and review the security in city neighborhoods sets of indicators have been used. These indicators showed the physical features and the design representing the neighborhood. These indicators included quality of streets, vegetation, lighting, urban furniture, texture compression and open or close spaces. In order to analyze and explain the data the physical security space were used in the scales of 0 and 1, and ranking areas was performed based on the SAWtechnique.Based on studies with six physical parameters (quality of streets, urban, open and closed space, vegetation, lighting and urban furniture) that conducted at the neighborhood level Babolsar cities, neighborhood of 4(Shahrak-e-Ghaem), 3 (Shahrak-e-daneshga), 5 (Shahrak-e-saheli) and 15(Nokhost vaziri) it was revealed that they have best conditions compared to other neighborhoods from the perspective of indicators in relation with crime prevention in physical form. However neighborhoods that have minimal standards required to reduce background incidence of crime were located as (neighborhoods of Bi-bi sar rooze, Javadiye, Kazem Abad, Uormahale-ye-bala and the neighborhood of 16) in the neighborhoods that shaped in the Babolsar fourth wave of development. However, these places were created under emergency condition and mainly were location of low income people.

In recently years, the lands of many Iranian cities, especially marginal lands, were affected by urbanization trends and need of citizens for new housing has been changed to built-up area. Considering that the city of Ardabil like other cities in recent years has been faced with population growth, substantial changes in urban land use in this city have been observed. The present study tried to assess changes in marginal lands in Ardabil in the years of 1984 - 2011 and predicting of probability land use change till 2021. Hence, to infer the type and extent of these land use changes in this area, Landsat TM imagery for 1984, 1991,2000 and 2011 years and also population changes between 1984 to 2011 were analyzed. After image enchantment and processing, for detection and evaluation of land use changes Fuzzy Artmap and Crosstab methods, also for predicting of probability land use changes till 2021 combination methods of Markov chains and Cellular Automata(CA) has been used in this study. The results of this study showed that during the 27 years, the population of this city increase more than 1.5 times and approximately 34% land use change would have occurred that are mainly caused by human activities such as habitat sprawl and built-up area on agricultural lands in the city around.

Marginal regions are forgotten sectors of a city in which the quality of life is very low and unsuitable. Most of these settlements are located on marginal lands of the city which have low value and low price. In poor parts of the city, poor rural immigrants build their first cheap and small houses and then look for a suitable job. The main purpose of this research is studying the impacts of immigration which form urban poor areas and unofficial settlements. In order to do this districts are chosen in Kashmar city. To determine the features of study’s geographic scope, the AHP method using overlay in GIS is chosen as recognition model for such settlements. Output of this model illustrates that "Immigrant's population proportion of whole population" indicator in district between 9 socio-economic indices with a 0.308 of weight and between 30 physical, social, economical and environmental indices with a total weight of 0.164 is the most important indicator in this model. Also in the final output of the model, this indicator has a correlation of 74 percent with the result of applying all of the indices.

Ahvaz’s 7th region, with a population of 150,215 and per capita green space of 2.78 is located in South East of Ahwaz city. That capitation of space green for this region has obvious difference with environmental standard appointed by the United Nations (20 to 25 Square meters per person). The present research, based on analytical and descriptive methods, is trying to provide a suitable pattern of optimal distribution of green space based on criterions of site selection and population needs. In this regard for rectification of the aforementioned lack in the environmental base, one must evaluate the values of land area for green space before taking any action. For this purpose various criteria can be used such as the proximity to residential centers, training centers, commercial, sanitary, cultural centers and municipal facilities and equipment and lands of arid. Spatial data was collected on any factor and were transformed to format GIS ready for implementation of AHP model. Later the spatial analysis was conducted by make database and creation of layers of new information. Ultimately, for make pattern every criteria based on their value and importance in site selection of green space in Expert Choice software,were given an appropriate value to every date layers. Results obtained of overlay weighting layers based on the importance of each layer in the location of green space prioritize lands of region for selecting an appropriate location for creating green space. Then these lands were compared with the land use map in order to specify lands with degree of very good grade, good grade and medium in proximity to residential centers, training centers and cultural centers that had been most government property and lands with weak and very weak degree were in the farthest from compatible land use which were located more close to industrial, administrative, sanitary, commercial that were often private property. Therefore, theses lands were not proposed for green spaces.