فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 22 (پاییز 1392)

Some of the objectives of the organization are planning, designing, finding patterns and distribution of elements in order to understand the physical and cultural connections between different topics of interest. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of the urban hierarchy in the Kermanshah Province Using different models including nearest neighbor analysis", "Zipf's rank-size", and "early indicators", and urban hierarchy levels. In this regard, based on the sixth Population and Housing Census (1965 – 2006)the distribution pattern of urban settlements and urban navigation system, as well as, the first capital city of the region has been studied. The results indicate that the distribution of cities is almost regular monotony. Differences in Kermanshah province with a large population and the urban system of the city is based on the first model. Thus the rank - size rule does.

Due to being located on one of the two earthquake belts and existence of plenty of faults, earthquake in the Iranian plateau is natural. Iran is among the ten nations disasterprone and is the world's sixth of the earthquake. Earthquake caused the most human deaths in Iran, the threat which has large financial losses for the country. To deal with the mentioned issue, we have to secure buildings and settlements in towns and villages. For construction and buildings resistance, due to the limited financial resources, in the first instance, methods and techniques should be used which make the managers and officials able to estimate and assess the vulnerability of the settlements and prioritize the urban tissues against earthquake. This evaluation and prediction makes the official's planning oriented and prevents losses of human and financial resources. The purpose of this research is to answer to this question that the use of which technique and method can offer the most appropriate and accurate picture of measure of vulnerability against earthquake. Methods used in this study are descriptive-analytical through deploying multivariate models of fuzzy and hierarchical analysis, Evaluation of vulnerability of mold tissues in Lamerd has been taken. The results of this study indicated that fuzzy multivariate method has higher capacity than hierarchical analysis in identification of urban vulnerable tissues. It was determined that in multivariable fuzzy model, the highest vulnerability is related to high- damaged situation (more than 38%) and in the hierarchical analysis, the most vulnerability is related to average – damaged situation (more than 43%).

Contemporary large cities are faced with several problems and threats in social, economic, environmental and physical dimensions. Stabilization of these cities in the environmental hazards, with urban underground development approach is a new Theory in urban development. Iranian large cities located on earthquake faults are a serious threat and vulnerability. Urban underground development approach in development of these cities can help sustain them.This article aimsto explain the importance of urban underground spaces in promoting stability in large cities in the earthquake. The findings of this research are: 1) Resistance and sustainability of underground spaces in natural and unnatural disasters such as: earthquake, fire, vibration, explosion, etc. 2) High resistance and lower damage of underground spaces than aboveground spaces, and 3) positive potentials of underground spaces in solving variety problems of large cities.

In this paper in order to identify and determine the development rate of counties of the province of Yazd the latest statistics and data of 8 criteria in hygiene and treatment section in 1389 were used. In this study the Maurice development technique was used to assess the output of ten studied areas. The paper aims to deeply survey differences of counties to access treatment and hygiene centers and to determine development rate. It was hoped that the results of this study be used practically by authorities in regional and local decisions, policies and planning. The method of this study is descriptive, analytical adopting a case study approach. Some of the given results of this study indicate the moderate distribution of facilities and services in the counties of the province so that, out of ten studied counties, Yazd county in the allocation of resources and services is in the first rank and Taft, Tabas and Mehriz counties are in the third to fourth places respectively. Bafgh, Meybod, Ardakan, Sadoogh, Abarkouh and Khatam are in the fifth to tenth places, respectively.

Intense migration of villagers to cities, fast growth of city population, and irregularskeletal extension of cities, joining near villages to cities and spiral phenomenon andfinancial and technological inability in offering services in recent decades had led toproblems and difficulties in cities namely unfair distribution of civil services especiallymedical services. Nowadays, health care and medical services is seen as one of civicsubstructures through development. Increasing population of civic regions has increasedpublic services demands especially medical services and necessity of its fair distributionupon different environmental, social, economic and skeletal criterions. Therefore,positioning has an important role in inexhaustible development. In this paper we useGeographical Information System (GIS) and Multi Criterion Decision Making (MCDM)analysis to analyze spatial distribution and positioning of medical services in Miandoaabcity.

The role of historical context in the representation of national culture and history, and the fact that preserving this heritage is necessary to introduce it to the world, reveals that creating satisfaction is looking for the residents of these areas to prevent escape and to protect the life of the city, as one of the best ways to preserve the precious heritage. This research studied the Hamadan Haji neighborhood and identified the factors influencing the rate of satisfaction in this area based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs. since the satisfaction of the residents in a special place is only to identify and describe existing conditions, the present research classifies itself as descriptive research. Research will describe and predict the criterion variables (satisfaction of residents) from several variables (such as physical factors, social, etc.). A questionnaire with a sample size of 120 was used to collect data. The data was analyzed using spss version 15. The statistical methods used were one sample ttest, Kolmogorof - Smirnorf test and Friedman. The results showed a low level of satisfaction. Residents were fairly satisfied only with two criteria from the seven criteria of Maslow's hierarchy, "the need for love and belonging" and "Self-actualization". Therefore, the most satisfaction measures such as physiological needs, security needs, awareness and aesthetic needs of the neighborhood were observed low. Reliability and validity of the questionnaire was tested by factor analysis and Cranach's alpha.

The main purpose of residential street design should be based on stable viability. Nowadays the design of residential streets is in a shape that the cars run faster due to a larger width of streets and it makes pedestrians and cyclists scuttle. It leads to the lack of opportunity for the citizens to create healthier and stronger society. Here one of these solutions is creating home zones in the residential quarters. This paper tries to answer this question: if Khaneghah of Sanandaj has suitable feature to create a safe home zone, and what strategies are there to turn this quarter into a home zone? According to this multidimensional issue an evaluation model, which is multi-criteria with a qualitative-quantitative nature, is chosen as an effective model to evaluate and give priority to the criteria of Khaneghah of Sanandaj and criteria study (Dealing with framework, dealing with space social-cultural and environmental). In the frame of hierarchical shrub turned into eleven subcriteria and they are evaluated two by two and by Expert choice software. The results of T test, a single sample of the study of criteria rate,(extracted results from 95 questionnaires) is evaluated by SPSS where the investigation results are the indicators of the higher rate from the average of criteria rate and the existence of essential potential in the relevant range to create home zone in a way that criteria dealing with space and frame with %0/45 coefficient and under the legibility criteria, herbal vitality has had the most effective impact on creating home zone in Khaneghah of Sanandaj.

The city as the focus of human activity has no choice but to accept the structure and affected functions of natural systems in order to ensure its sustainability. Green space used as a necessary and unavoidable part of cities plays an important role and its deficiency can greatly harm the life in cities. In the present study, the distribution and analysis of locating the intra-city parks of Pol-e-Dokhtar through the neighboring functions in GIS environment investigated. As far as spatial distribution is concerned, only 9.32 percent of the total area of the city is used as parks. The results of analysis of lands used as parks shows that approximately 67 percent of the subareas of parks are indicated as ‘totally appropriate’ and ‘appropriate’ and nearly 33 percent are considered as “completely inappropriate” and “inappropriate”. Considering the complete compatibility, the best locating relates to Fadak Park, while the worst one is related to Azadegan Park. From among the three scales of the parks in the city, the radius performance of the parks has been appropriate in local scale. The park capita in Pol-e-Dokhtar is presently 2.66 square meters. Regarding the 8 square meters for each person, the city is faced with a shortage park area of 156458 square meters.