فهرست مطالب

فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 23 (زمستان 1392)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1392/12/20
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Hamidreza Varesi, Ali Zangiabadi, Mohsen Shaterian Page 1

    Kashan’s valuable and historical texture with its cultural, historical and structural potential hidden in is considered its best sign for Kashan identification. Due to its special old structural features it has led to the city’s spatial unity. This time limit was united with the old city round, but for the changes and developments occurred over the time, the city was gradually developed and what was as historical texture was regarded as residential commercial and the significant part of the city was located in the margin. The city development and the spread of making the colonies in old city turned the construction of the old concentrated and condensed texture of the city to the scattered multi-colony texture which was not arranged based on any particular structural order. Gradually the local residents decided to go away from the old texture, and gradually those areas for their failure in resident attraction and accommodation such as the lack of financial services, social cultural and structural services ended up with burnt out. Simultaneous emphasis on structural Reconstruction and the economical and social organization of the old texture, recognition of different elements of the old city of Kashan and its correspondence with the structure and the necessities of modern texture are some of the main purposes of the present research. Furthermore, the presentation of solutions to improve the urban development optimization in order to create a region structurally, economically, culturally, and socially active to provide needs and demands for the citizens, are among the most important purpose of this research. A mixture of descriptive, analytical and survey methods has been used for this research. The results represent the lack of correspondence of the old city texture with the needs of residents, disability in services specially, using the automobiles in texture that was the most modern resident's need and disability of the texture residents economically for reconstructing and decreasing the sensation of belonging to the texture specially among the youth and nonnative immigrants led to economic and social burn out and finally the irregularity in the spatial texture.

    Keywords: Old Texture, KASHAN, social, economical construction, restore
  • Asghar Nazareyan, Davood Goodarzi Page 27
    Traffic is an important urban challenge that cities of developing countries face it. Traffic problem is resulted from the increasing growth of urbanization and the inefficiency of the skeleton and physical development of cities in the vertical and horizontal dimensions. Furthermore, the increasing number of vehicles and unsuitable passage network system as well as the ravage of the city's public transport system and unsuitable localization of land use in the city level, especially transportation equipment jam in the central part of the city can be considered as gravity point and attraction for travel during day which help devastating the city’s potentials. Boroujerd is located among the medium sized cities in Iranian urban network system, which with respect to the design of city, has a centralized form and traffic problem. The problems of such cities are fairly clear in the central part of city. This city, despite of its physical development and growth, has ignored central inappropriate localization of transportation vehicles as well as city facilities such as businesses, educational and administrative services and health services which are centralized in the center of city. The passage network in this medium urban city doesnt have enough capacity for daily population and vehicles transportation. In order to evaluate the potential effects of these pressing problems, the present research has deployed software, namely ArcGIS،AuTOCAD، Excel،SPSS to investigate the problem. The collected information was analyzed in order to distinguish the most problematic areas which need immediate concern. The results of this research showed that the communication networks and urban transportation system have meaningful relationship with physical skeleton and space pattern of the city. The skeleton structure of the city and passage network land use and public transportation system were recognized as unsuitable among main factors which had led to the current condition.
    Keywords: Skeleton structure, land use, passage network, urban transportation, urban traffic, Boroujerd
  • Mojtaba Sabetkoushky Nyan*, Hojat Hatamynedjad, Hussain Hatamynedjad Page 51
    Planning the old texture of cities is the revitalization or reconstruction of the core of the city that most of the time includes dense Disney narrow and twisting streets and alleys. Historic and old textures of Iran’s cities that in the most cases construct basic and elementary center of those cities are cultural and historic heritage of those cities, and their conservation, physical and functional rehabilitation is necessary and unavoidable. On the hand, most of these textures, as the time passed and unsuitable conservation and attention is in progress, are obliterated from view point of physical and functional dimension. Knowledge of physical and functional situation of these fabrics in order to deploy conservation planning and management, is one of the important and elementary actions to take. Old texture of Torghabeh city is about 20 hectare that has been analyzed and assessed according to physical characters in this study. In this research, the library-based and fieldbased data were collected and analyzed using quantitative analytic and descriptive methods such as frequency tables, proportion and percentage tables, graphs and classification methods. The results is presented in form of classification maps. Results of this research show that firstly, physical condition of this texture’s districts is variable; secondly, every district has different situation from view point of any indicator; thirdly, generally and with respect to all the mentioned physical characteristics, no one of historic fabric’s districts have suitable situation.
    Keywords: Worn texture, physical parameters, the central core, the city Torghabe
  • Alireza Andalib, Ashkan Bayat*, Leil Rasouli Page 79
    In 1990’s we witnessed the revision of almost all scientific, philosophical, and artistic areas in human knowledge, for this reason, the view of urban renovation and restoration was changed compared with that of previous decades when a minor attention was paid to urban regeneration issues. Considering the past of historical identity of different period, it has a new identity consistent with conditions of today’s life on its agenda. Accordingly, urban regeneration becomes a comprehensive concept, a concept that considers improvement and rehabilitation of old textures in all economic, physical, social, and cultural dimensions. This research is a comparative study of regeneration of Khayam texture of Tehran, and Liverpool 1 in the UK, because both samples are located in central texture of the city, and their surrounding textures has identity-related values. Regeneration plan for Liverpool 1 project (2008) was recognized as the Europe’s best regeneration project, and Khayam block redevelopment project (Tehran) is also the largest recreation plan conducted by Tehran municipality after Islamic Revolution. This comparison aims to study objectives and measures in the two plan, the reasons behind the success of Liverpool 1, non-realization of predetermined objectives in regeneration of Khayam, and finally, provision of solutions for realization of predetermined objective of Khayam texture. The result is that adoption of short term and temporal policies, with consistent and prearranged planning, and lack of public participation from the beginning to the end, and failure to consider historical identity and position of Khayam texture resulted in failure of Khayam regeneration. Descriptive-analytical and comparative research method was used. Data collection was conducted by documentary, library and field observation method.
    Keywords: urban renovation, urban regeneration, Khayam urban block of Tehran, Liverpool project in the UK, historical identity
  • Saied Amanpur, Safeyeh Damanbagh, Hadi Alizadeh* Page 105
    The research adopts " descriptive- analysis" methodology to assess the development of the14 city of Kermanshah in terms of enjoyment indicators of urban services. In this regard eight of the civil services, namely: fire stations, public libraries, the number of public parks, many public hospitals, the number of fueling stations, the number of universities, the number of passenger terminals and the number of agencies, have been studied and related data were collected in Kermanshah province. The data was collected in 2012 and has been assessed to determine status of the aforementioned indicators. For data analysis purposes, factor models featuring a class settlement, Shannon entropy index, TOPSIS model, and the coefficient of variation were used. Research findings show the city of Kermanshah as a capital city of the province has a big difference with other cities in the province in terms of allocated utilities.
    Keywords: Development, Kermanshah province, TOPSISmodel, utility index
  • Elahe Akbari*, Majid Ebrahimi‚ Abolghasem Amirahmadi Page 127
    Among the important factors in urban planning and management, particularly in line with the achievement of the sustainable development in the urban areas as well as regarding the optimal use of the land, is on-time access to the data of land cover conditions in these regions. The remote sensing data has a high potential for the preparation of the update urban land cover maps. In order to present on-time and digital satellite data, a variety of shapes and possibility of processing during land cover maps are of high significance. In order to use the satellite photos Landsat/ETM+ and two algorithm of supervised classification including the maximum likelihood and the artificial neural network, land cover maps were prepared. During classification, the neural network algorithm of a perceptron network with a hidden layer and 7 input neurons, nine middle neurons and 4 output neurons were used. The input neurons are the same in number as the bands of the Landsat photos and the number ofoutput neurons are the same as land cover map classes. Eventually, land cover map of the region has been classified into four classes of residential areas, barren lands, plant coverage, and roads. In order to evaluate the correctness of the classification results, many photos have been taken using GPS. Using overall accuracy and Kappa Coefficient the precision evaluation results of these two methods indicate that perceptron neural network has an overall accuracy of 98/24 and Kappa Coefficient 97/03 compared to the algorithm of maximum likelihood with an overall accuracy of 94/23 and Kappa Coefficient 90 / 34 is of higher precision. The findings of this study also show that the classification method for multilayer perceptron neural network as compared with the maximum likelihood method is of higher separation and capability for preparing the land cover map in the urban regions.
    Keywords: Urban Land use, satellite data, maximum likelihood, multilayer perceptron neural
  • Rural population of Tehran, opportunities & challenges / (Case Study : Solaghan District)
    Bijan Rahmani, Hamideh Aghamiri Page 149
    Trend of rural migration towars Tehran (as capital of Iran) has dramatically changed both social and economic structure of this city. In fact attractions exist in Tehran vis a vis to rural part of country are the main cause of current situation. The presence of rural population in Tehran is not totally negative. In case of good management of human resources of Tehran, it is possible to transforme entire population of Tehran to constructive factor that not only is not harmful for city but can help to devlpment of Tehran and other cities which have the similar problem. In This paper we try to study different aspects of prensence of rural population in Megapole of Tehran.
    Keywords: Tehran, Rural population, Solaghan District, opportunities, challenges
  • Mohammad Reza Zamiri*, Mahin Nastaran, Hamideh Mohammad Zade Titkanlu Page 167
    Definitely physical plans and chasing comprehensive development pattern in the development trend of cities has proven no successful and reliable results. Urban sprawl, wasting resources and increasing city management costs and urban services are some of these unpleasant results. Therefore, it is necessary to study all aspects of city life. Spatial planning emphasizes distribution of population, activity and employment and land uses all over the city. Identifying form and trend of spatial development in cities beside the physical trend is a favorite topic for urban planners and managers. Introducing some quantitative indicators for evaluating compactness or sprawl in spatial development trends in cities is so important. Because there is not one definition for sprawl and without using some quantitative indicators, it’s impossible to evaluate and describe development of cities. For this purpose, global coefficient of Moran, coefficient of Geary and Shannon’s entropy have been used in this research. Results show that this coefficients and indicators can describe spatial development trend in cities and make evaluation of that trend quantitative and reliable.
    Keywords: Global Moran Coefficient, Geary Coefficient, Shannon's entropy, Spatial Development, Bojnord