فصلنامه آمایش محیط
پیاپی 25 (تابستان 1393)

Solid waste materials are among the inevitable products of every society and their management is one of the basic needs of every community. Therefore, it is essential that the manager of solid waste materials perform in a frame of a systematic and targeted system, so that in cases of need, he can prevent reduction of resources and even environmental pollution. Therefore, the present research, with the aim of evaluating solid waste materials’ management system in the urban residences of Mazandaran Province and with the aim to present the necessary preparation to improve it, was undertaken. The method in this research is descriptive– analytical type. Thus, after studying the literature of research, the Delphi method was used for selection criteria. Then, in order to equalize comparison criteria, distance bipolar comparison method was used and in order to determine the proportional importance of the criteria, the weighting techniques and the Anthropic method were used.In this study, evaluating and ranking was performed using Multi-Criterion Decision Making Methods. Therefore, in the compensatory group, Multi-Characteristics Decision Making Models; from subgroup of grading and scoring, simple total weight method; and, from adaptive subgroup, the rating method based on the similarity were used ideally and finally. The final ranking was determined using the average method of ranks. It seems that cities of Babol and Abbass-Abad have allocated themselves the first and the last ranks in urban residences and in next rates, cites like Tonekabon, Babolsar after cities of Babol, and cities of Farim and Balladeh are located after Abbass Abad.

The location of Fire stations plays an important role in the efficiency of these facilities during fire accidents. Therefore, in order to maximize the coverage of these stations to population centers, proper locating of these fire stations seems necessary. On the other hand, locating of fire stations and allocating population to them is a combinatorial optimization problem. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to integrate geographic information system and a meta-heuristic algorithm based on ant colony algorithm for optimal site selection of fire stations. For this purpose, a case study was carried out in five regions of Tehran. In this study, suitable areas were firstly identified by analytical hierarchical process method which is a common multi-criteria decision making method. For this purpose, access to the main transportation routes, proximity to compatible land uses, and staying away from incompatible land uses were considered as criteria. Furthermore, the coverage of the existing stations was also considered in the final map. Then the suitable stations were selected from the prone options by the proposed ant colony algorithm. In order to select these stations, parameters include incorporating proper distance among fire stations and maximizing the population that can be served by these fire stations in the standard time, were considered. The computational results reveal that the proposed algorithm can obtain high quality solutions to such problems in a short time. The results of this paper also reveal the efficiency of this method in the optimal locating of fire stations.

Application of landscape ecology in the field of urban planning indicates the quantitative interpretability and the analysis capability of the results of such analysis which shows the interaction of humans and their environment which in most cases happen to be a heterogeneous and disorder one that occurs at ground level. The rapid growth of urban changes spatial patterns of land uses in particular green spaces. Therefore, in this research, to improve green spaces and integration of it to sustainable development; the composition and distribution of green space of Jiroft with the help of landscape metrics(including CAP MPS, MNN, NP)is considered. The results of this study indicate that the composition and distribution of green space in significant part of Jiroft are not favorable conditions and mosaic network of urban green space patches of extent and continuity are not required to provide ecological services. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the ecological processes in areas where there are discrete green patches with a small area in order to create continuity between them.

Prioritizing issues of public spaces in cities surveyed, must be based on modern theories of public participation, urban professionals concerned with the scientific method. Because of the different perspectives on the issues and priorities of the city, decisions must be convergent and enjoy a comprehensive coverage in order to be a priority. The purpose of this paper is first surveying Zabol development strategies especially determining public spaces. Descriptive research – analysis, evidence-based studies and surveys library are the methods adopted in this research. The study area includes the physical development before and after 2001 as a hub of Zabol in Sistan region's population which stands out as the first major public issue in the use of resources out of the analysis of interviews and questionnaires, Then according to the features and characteristics of «Analytic Network Process» (ANP) Zabol issues, data classification and consequently the initial conceptual model of ANP was prepared. ANP model consists of six clusters based on common areas of Zabol (criteria / group) and 22 options (node / subgroup) which were generated using the Super Decisions software and the results were analyzed in the software field. The results show the highest preference for the public spaces of Zabol issues related to the node's neighborhoods bordering the city after 2001which "has been formed and developed” (with a score of 0. 795 in normalized cluster location and time). Second, “physical access normalized” with a score of 0. 496 in the cluster: having access to the public sphere, the "alleys and streets" with a score of 0. 377 normalized (with very little difference in the central market of more than ninety 0. 375) in the cluster interior public spaces of the city was located. Thirdly, " The overall vision of the natural environment "with a score of 0. 837 normalized cluster utility in the natural environment, followed by the node's perspectives and input symbols of the city" with a score of 0. 642 normalized in public spaces around the city. Immediately followed by the node clusters "belonging to a space " by a normal rating of 0. 485 in utility cluster of natural space in clusters of six or more points, However, the other options were located out in each cluster. Based on comparing the results of clusters and nodes (nodes) in a clustered environment favorable natural "overall vision of the natural environment" in the area and temporal location "marginal neighborhoods of the city after 2001" has been formed and developed and in public spaces around the city "perspectives landscape and input symbols of the city "for the city of Zabol in priority areas of development strategies were located and explained in this research report

The sustainability of cities, especially in the 21st century, has been studied seriously and widely by scientific associations and international organizations. The purpose of this article is evaluation and determination of 23 neighborhoods in Malayer based on improvement index on this justification that sustainability in any parts of the city can be a background of sustainability for all cities. In order to evaluate and estimate the sustainability of Malayer neighborhoods, unbalance analysis and prediction of the improvement priorities, as well as some quantity models and statistic software have been used such as: Morris development index, standard score, changing coefficient and agent analysis based on 58 variations according to social, economic, environmental and somatic indexes. The case study techniques in this project are combinations of analysis and field studies. The type of study is functional improvement and the range of study is across the 23 parts of Malayer with 159848 population and a 2280 hectare area. The findings and results of this research according to integrative indexes (social, economic, environmental, somatic) have shown a tremendous difference in sustainability coefficient among different neighborhood of city. surprisingly, only 7 neighborhoods out of the 23 neighborhoods (less than one third) are in the sustainability situation and are in %71_1 range and other neighborhoods are in half sustainability situation with %41_ %70 range. Yet,other neighborhoods are in unsustainable situation with the rang of 0_0/40. Furthermore, there is a huge difference among different parts of the city according to the human development index (HDI) which is based on economic indexes of MAX and MIN (MAX_MIN: 153.5). It was observed to be so critical and was observed smaller in the environmental index (MAX_MIN: 87.88). Therefore, the Park Neighborhood was found having the most score of index combination with 314 in first place and is the most sustainable neighborhood then Naftsiah with 189 score is in 23hd place and the most unsustainable neighborhood. The analysis and results of this study show the tremendous difference, between the most sustainable and least sustainable neighborhoods of the city base on the development indexes.

The Population increase, as well as, the limitations of physical expansion and development in large cities reminds the necessity of improvement and innovation of the old urban texture of these cities. The aim of this study is to identify the potentials and internal limitations of urban texture of Kermanshah. Moreover, the study tries to show the external opportunities and threats of these areas. Furthermore, the feasibility of using developmental opportunities and promotion of environmental activities in old texture areas and central part of Kermanshah are analyzed too. The research is an applied one and the methodology of this research is descriptive- analytic. The relevant information was collected through library method and note-taking, a questionnaire, and field studies. Descriptive and inferential statistics along with SWAT model were used to analyze the data. Based on the results of four factors of the SWOT technique analysis, the district of the study has 12 advantages, 10 potentials,12 vulnerabilities, and9 threats. To draw the SWOT matrix, the top final score index of four factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) were used. Based on this matrix in a logical framework the external main opportunities and threats can be compared with internal weakness and strength to determine compatible development patterns with external and internal situations.

Today, following the development of urban areas and increasing the growth of population, cities are faced with various problems including lack of appropriate access to city services. Health services, in particular, as one of the main urban services, that a great number of people deal with, and assign itself a considerable level of urban spaces, are faced with problems including shortage, inappropriate distribution with population requirements, lack of observing neighborhood and so forth. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the dispersion of health centers in Piranshahr city and locating new clinics with respect to the shortage of health centers in the city. The research method is descriptive-analytic. In order to classify and analyze information, ANP, AHP, mean of nearest neighborhood, Moran’s I index and network analysis methods were used and for performing such operations, ARC /GIS, Expert choice and Super Decisions software have been used. The obtained results indicate that certain health centers of Piranshahr city are not appropriate from the view point of adaptability with other uses and also availability. Then by incorporating different layers of effective usages, the final map of optimum spaces for the establishment of new clinics has been prepared and proposed.

In 1989 according to the bilateral agreement signed by the two neighboring countries of Iran and the ex-soviet union was reopened the border exchange nationals was resumed. The Astara border in Gilan province, was among the borders that following the Soviet collapse and the independence of Azerbaijan was reopened and the two sides started exporting and importing goods, freight and tourists. The present article seeks to demonstrate what changes have affected the function of political border and what influences did this opening had on the city space in Astra across the last twenty years. Descriptive research methods - data analysis and library and field methods (View) collection and analysis has been used to answer the proposed research questions. The results indicate the time of opening of the political borders; border trade, the nationals transport between the two countries, transit of goods and luggage trade, construction sites and commercial services such as hotels and shopping, infrastructure development such as communication networks have all caused changes in the physical space of Astara city. Furthermore, it was found that in case the current projects meet the stated project due time, there will be huge economical and social changes ahead of this area.