فصلنامه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات
سال هفتم شماره 2 (تابستان 1390)

The heavy elements with different levels of toxicity are continuously entering the environment and polluting it anthropologically. Fortunately, special plants have evolved the ability in absorbing and accumulating selective metal which was toxic to common plants in their aerial parts. The experiment was carried out factorially as randomized complete design in research greenhouse at agricultural and natural resources faculty, Islamic Azad University- Karaj branch in 2010. Four levels of lead Pb(NO3)2 (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg.kg-1 soil) and Five levels of bacteria (control,azotobacter, azospirillum, pseudomonas and integrated of mentioned bacteria) were used. Results showed that Interaction between lead concentrations and plant growth rhizobacteria were significant effect at 1% probability level on SOD,CAT and GPX enzymes. There were significant decrease on antioxidant enzymes with increase in lead concentration at 1% probability. In contrast There were significant increase on antioxidant enzymes with applying plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at 1% probability. Results showed that antioxidant enzymes activity increased when lead concentration increased at the time that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria were used.

In order to study effect of drought stress on morphologic traits, yield and yield components of 34 hybrids of corn, an experiment was carried out on based of complete randomized block design with three replication under drought stress condition in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural Research and Natural Resources Institute Mashhad, Iran on 2010. Results of analysis of variance showed that there are significant different between all hybrids for all traits. Results of hybrid means comparison with Duncan’s multiple range test showed that hybrid No. 11was better than others in yield trait (5.69 ton/ha). Result of simple correlation between traits showed that number of kernel in row was the highest correlation with yield. Using stepwise regression was performed for corn hybrids and eight traits have been extracted, which describe most of model variations. Path analysis showed that ear weight was the highest direct effect and 300 kernel weights were lowest on total yield. Factor analysis with varimax rotation was performed and seven common factors have been extracted, which describe most of traits variation. First and second factor nomination as yield and ear morphological traits respectively. Cluster analysis with Ward’s method, arrangement hybrids into four different groups.

Effect of foliar methanol application and availlible water on water use efficiency and some characteristic of sugar beet a experiment was conducted in 2010 at mahdasht(Karaj,Iran). Aqueous solutions 0(control,14 and 28%(v/v) methanol and each solution contained 0.2% glycine used as the levels of first factor. The second factor was drought stress(irrigation after 70% deleption of available water)and normal irrigation(irrigation after 40% deleption of available water).Parameters of this study consisted of: root yield, white sugar yield, total drought weight(TDW), harvest index(HI), water use efficiency(WUE), total water use efficiency(TWUE). Analysis of variance indicated that there was significant differences between solutions on some measured parameters such as: root yield, white sugar yield, TDW, HI, WUE and TWUE with control. Results showed that solution of 14% methanol has the most root yield, white sugar yield arrangementally with 73.96 and 8.05 ton/hectare.Thus foliar 14% methanol application has the most WUE and TWUE in comparison with control. There was significant differences between drought stress and normal irrigation in following parameters: root yield white sugar yield, white sugar content. Normal irrigation had higher in comparison with drought stress. Parameters of growth in normal irrigation was better than drought stress.

In order to study the effects of drought stress on yield and yield components of ten winter wheat cultivars, and evaluation of CERES-Wheat model an experiment was conducted in 2010 in Agricultural research station of Islamic Azad university of karaj. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design in split plat arrangement with four replications. First factor was consisted of two different irrigation regimes in cluding a control treatment (T1) and terminate irrigation at flowering stage (T2) in main plots.The second factor was consisted of ten varieties of wheat. In this experiment the grain yield and its components were studied. There were significant statistical differences between irrigations regims in respect to length of spike and peduncle length numbers and spike length, plant height and peduncle length results showed that the interaction of treatments on 1000-grain weight, grain yield, ear number per unit area, yield per spike, spike weight on unit area and harvest index and biomass at P

In order to study the correlation between morpho-phonological and quantitative traits with yield and determination the most important traits effect on yield, 10 varieties of rapeseed were evaluated in randomized complete block design with 3 replications in climatic condition of Birjand region. Variance analysis showed significant difference between varieties for all traits except height and auxiliary stem number traits. Correlation analysis showed that the numbers of pods per plant and harvest index have the most of positive and significant correlation coefficient and the days to 50% flowering and days to 90% maturity traits have the most of negative and significant correlation coefficient with economical yield. The stepwise regression analysis showed that the days to 50% flowering, auxiliary stem number and number of pods per plant were more important traits. Path analysis showed that the number s of pods per plant and auxiliary stem number have the most of positive effect and days to 50% flowering has the most negative effect on yield. Factor analysis showed that 3 factors illustrated the most of variation. The first factor with name phenologic of yield was more important than other factors. This factor contains days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, harvest index and economical yield traits.

In order to study of effects different integrated irrigation methods with salin water and well water on sunflower yield, experimental research in the field of Islamic Azad University Shahr-e-Qods Branch in 1390 was performed. This trial randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 4 treatments included four integrated irrigation levels of as a treatment 1: (25% salin water and 75% well water), treatment 2: (50% salin water and 50% well water), treatment 3: (75% salin water and 25% well water) and treatment 4 (100% welll water as a control) was performed. The results showed that between treatments there are significant difference at one percent and the treatment 4 ie conventional water with 3461 kg/ ha won the highest yield. Also with increasing salinity of water irrigation, yield treatments is redused, So that treatment 1 with 3170 kg/ ha, treatment 2 with 1280 kg/ ha and treatments 3 with 551 kg/ ha, respectively, faced with declining yield. The percent yield reduction in treatment 1 was lower than treatments 2 and 3.

In order to study the effect of irrigation with saline water under different methods on yield quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Sorgum. An experiment conducted in experimental farm of Islamic Azad University Shahr-e-Qods Branch. Experimental design Included four treatments included T1: Saline and fresh water treatment, T2: Alternative saline and fresh water treatment, T3: Mixed saline and fresh water treatment, T4: Control treatment. Result had shown best water use efficiency in T1 treatment than control treatment. T1; 26% , T2 ; 41% and T3; 32% decrease observed than control treatment.

This study was carried out in order to evaluate drought stress effects on yield, yield components and growth analysis of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at the Karaj Azad University in year 2006-2007. A split- plot arrangement of treatment in a randomized complete block design with four replication. The experiment had two crossed factors as water treatment and variety. Water stress factor in main plot had 8 treatments as T1(irrigation in 40% soil moisture depletion ), T2 (irrigation in 60% soil moisture depletion), T3(irrigation in 80% soil moisture depletion),T4(no irrigation at stem elongation stage ), T5(no irrigation from stem elongation to ripening stage) , T6(no irrigation at flowering stage), T7(no irrigation from start of flowering to ripening stage )and T8(no irrigation at grain filling stage). Two experimental winter wheat varieties (Chamran and Marvdasht) were grown in sub plot. During the study, grain yield and related characteristics, growth indices and correlation among all treats were evaluated. in order to calculating of growth indices such as leaf area index(LAI), total dry matter (TDW), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf weight (LW), leaf area ratio(LAR.From the purpose of studying the dry matter accumulation several equations were tested. Changes trend of dry matter during the growing season indicated that dry matter accumulation of all treatments from primary stage to 155 days after sowing was gradual, from 180 days after sowing was linerand finally was declined due to he falling of leaves.