Sociological Studies of Youth Journal
Volume:10 Issue: 33, Spring 2019

The present study aims to study the sociological factors affecting the lifestyle of the youth. This research is a survey research in terms of control of the research conditions, and because it's done at a given time is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all young boys between 15 to 29 in Khalkhal who were 7149 persons according to the population and Housing Census in 2011. In this study, due to the characteristics of the population and its high population, 364 individuals were selected as sample size based on Cochran formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method for doing the research and data collection. Data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between independent variables of religious beliefs, social identity, mass media, socioeconomic base and underlying variables of marital status with dependent variable. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that independent variables included in the equation explained 45 percent of the changes in the dependent variable.

According to the studies and comments of the experts, addiction is a difficult problem in our society. Nowadays, the most important issue related to addiction in our country is the second return of addicts to narcotic substances after once quitting them. In fact, this is the indication of failure or weak performance of addiction-therapy techniques, emphasizing on its physical aspect. However, an attitude toward drug abuse is a factor considered as an important variable in the behavior of drug abuse. In fact, it can be claimed that the attitudes can facilitate an addict’s second return or non-return to addiction. The target group consisted of treated addicts within age range of 15 to 29, while the target universe included two addiction-therapy centers: indigenous self-esteem and methadone therapy in Azarshahr city referring to those two centers during 2010 to be treated, 199 individuals from among which were selected using Cochran’s formula. Then the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software and differential Uman White Ni test. Results from this comparative research on two groups of indigenous self-esteem and methadone therapy show that attitudes toward second return to drug abuse within the two techniques are different.

This study intended to explore the interplay between young language learners' sense of self-efficacy regarding reading comprehension in their reading test performance associated with learning English among universities. To undertake the study, a purposive sampling method was adopted. A total of 60 freshmen undergraduate learners of English consented to participate in this study.  A self-efficacy questionnaire was employed to collect to young learners' beliefs in their own reading capabilities with a hope to explore the effects of high and low self-efficacy on reading proficiency. Accordingly, students’ reading proficiency was examined based on their performance to the reading comprehension test adopted from a paper-based Longman TOEFL. The findings revealed that there was a direct and significant relationship between the learners' self-efficacy beliefs about learning and their language proficiency. The result attested that students with high self–efficacy are more proficient in their language learning as compared with those of low self-efficacy. EFL teachers and students as well materials developers’ can take the advantage of the findings. Theoretical and pedagogical implications for foreign language learning and teaching are also discussed.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the significant relationship between different young mothers’ social classes and children’s language learning. According to this research goal, this study is eager to answer the two major research questions: (a) Is there any significant difference between middle-class and working-class mothers’ speech? (b) Is there any significant relationship between different social class mothers’ input and their children’s language acquisition? All of the subjects were selected from a kindergarten. The researcher chose 2-6 year-old children as subjects. They were eight boys and two girls. At each age, she chose two children. One was from a middle class family and the other was from a working class one. The criteria for classifying were the degree of education, career and income. About middle-class family, the parents were graduated from college. Also their careers were professionals, managers or owners. On the contrary, about working class family, their educational background was under college and their careers were like clerk, skilled manual workers or labors. The researcher used T-test to examine the difference among different social class mothers. In addition, Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to examine the significant relationship between young mothers and children.

The purpose of this research is to study the impact of globalization in cultural dimension in the sense of national identity with an emphasis on mass media among pre-university students in Babol. This research is a descriptive-analytical type that was carried out by using a survey method. To achieve the expected results in this research, a questionnaire was used to collect data. Pre-university students of Babol make up the statistical population of this research. Generally, 404 people were selected as a sample from a total of 3077. Stratified random sampling was used to run the sample. The results of correlation test show the relation between an independent variable by using different TV programs, satellite, and internet, mobile and dependent variable. The results of test correlation have shown that there is inverse and meaningful relationship between all variable of using TV with a sense of national identity of the student. Mobile also has the most inverse correlation with a sense of national identity of the student. The results of applying the coefficient of the final regression model indicate that all variables are meaningful and each of them has various differentia. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis indicate that the empirical research model has maximum magnitude.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of control source and risk perception in predicting the behavior of taxi drivers in Karaj. The research method was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of this study was all 718 young taxi drivers in the city of Karaj. According to the Cochran formula at the level of 0.05, 250 young taxi drivers in Karaj were selected by available method. Data gathering tool was Manchester Driving Behavior Questionnaire, Rutter Control Source Questionnaire and Randemo and Avereson Risk Perceptions Inventory. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and linear regression and stepwise regression. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between control source and risk perception with driving behavior of young taxi drivers, and the control source, risk perception, and personality traits are predictive of driving behavior of young taxi drivers which these results point to cognitive and excitement emphasis in social normative behaviors.

Money as a tool has all the dimensions of life. The meaning of money has been expanded so that its social dimensions can be used alone to analyze the economic situation and market of a society. In this study, we examine the semantic dimensions and meaning that students have of money. The research method is phenomenological research. Deep interviews were conducted of 21 sample students from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, aged between 18 and 29 years old. The research shows 22 statements related to money that were reduced to 3 meanings and classified into 3 domains. These three areas are individual, family, and community attitudes that suggest a conceptual understanding of money among students, although money is an economic tool, but their social status (family position) has influenced attitudes and behavior. And even in its way money has been effective. Students' sense of satisfaction in life increases the money from the individual's point of view, from their perspective; their family can be promising to act in the future, and by the student community, it's a powerful tool and its application can transform the social environment and play a key role in student's skills development.

This article discusses some of the findings of a study on street prostitutes in Tehran with a focus on HIV/AIDS risk behaviors. It aims to show the extent of their knowledge and attitude about HIV/AIDS and available services and their behavior.   This is an “extensive” and “cross-sectional” study, in which the target group was questioned about their background and socioeconomic status in addition to completing a standard questionnaire (BBS). Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to gather data. The study sample consists of 300 women working in all 22 districts of Tehran. Only 8% of respondents answered correctly to all questions regarding their knowledge about HIV/AIDS related issues. 67% of them did not know where to obtain information and access consultation services. Although approximately 65% of them were aware of role of condom in HIV transmission prevention, only 54.4% of them used a condom in their last sexual encounter with costumers. Qualitative data show a stronger relation between condom use and fear of pregnancy and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) than concerns about HIV transmission and AIDS. We do not have any data regarding HIV transmission rate of prostitutes and their role in Iran’s current third wave of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, however, their knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS is less than other high risk groups (intravenous drug users, prisoners and homosexual men). The only promising point is the existence of greater awareness and knowledge among younger prostitutes. However, there is an urgent need for greater education and information dissemination regarding HIV/AIDS among this specific group.