نشریه مطالعات زن و خانواده
سال یکم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1392)

Issues related to women, have always been attractive and yet controversial. The personality of woman can be analyzed from both its real and legal aspects. Issues such as fundamentals of women rights, legal differences and similarities of the sexes, the secret behind the differences, etc are issues which can be examined from the legal aspect which require another time. The aim of the present research was to analyze the “real personality” of woman, by explaining and bringing together seemingly controversial traditions related to women and distinguishing reliable traditions from unreliable ones to resolve any doubts. By applying qualitative methods and analysis it was concluded that according to many Islamic scholars many singly-reported traditions regarding the non- legal issues of women were without argument. Even if issues regarding the unreliability of the tradition were disregarded, the incongruity of the content of these traditions with Quran, Prophet’s lifestyle, logic, other traditions, etc proves the unreliability of these traditions.

This paper aims to study and analyze the intimate premarital relationships comparatively among boys and girls 15-29 in Tehran. To do so، Gender Socialization Theory and some research reports were employed to distribute 254 questionnaires in three areas of Tehran and assessed using the method of survey and cluster multi-stage sampling. Results showed that boys and girls were similar in some variables such as way of acquaintance، degree of intimacy with the opposite sex، reasons behind ending friendly relationships، and the outcomes of breaking up. Meaningful differences indicated that men had a more positive attitude towards such relationships and were engaged in them more than women. The observed similarities in the relationships of the two sexes was different to what was expected based on the classical patterns of socialization and therefore، the Gender Socialization Theory was not adequate for analyzing the gender differences of the society of this study and in due turn، Merton’s Theory of Sociological Ambivalence was suggested. Furthermore، premarital relationship which is considered as a kind of deviance in Iranian culture and sexual liberalism in western countries indicates the lack of theorizing in this field and shows the great need for further in-depth qualitative studies using grounded theory، and applying Islamic principles for conducting theories and theorizing.

This article aims at introducing a pattern for making religious theoretical models in the field of social sciences in order to withdraw religious sciences out of the scope of merely philosophical discussions to the realm of methodology. Given that، it contains an attempt to make a theoretical model of family stability which is characterized by cogency، logical consistency، locality and accommodation with Islamic teachings. According to this model، fulfilling innate needs of spouses is the fundamental factor of family stability and some mediate factors at micro or macro levels affect it which have been considered in four parts; a) Individual characteristics of the spouses (their religious beliefs، morality، knowledge، behavior and body)، b) Structural characteristics of the family (gender differentiation of family roles and spouses living together and having children)، c) Family backgrounds (in the development stages of spouses and in the mate selection stage) and d) Social factors (education، religious and moral training by social agents، providing appropriate social settings، providing appropriate legal settings، social support and social control).

The aim of the present research was to study the effectiveness of Cognitive–behavioral conjoint therapy on PTSD and depression of veterans in Hamadan، Iran. This study is a quasi-experimental design with pre-test، post-test and follow up type. 24 veterans suffering from PTSD were divided randomly into intervention (CBCT) and control groups. The intervention group administered 12 sessions of Cognitive–behavioral conjoint therapy، 1. 5 hours weekly. PTSD checklist-military version (PCL-M) and beck depression inventory (BDI) were used to collect the data. There was a significant difference between intervention and control groups in PTSD and depression after the final session of intervention. Cognitive–behavioral conjoint therapy decreased the severity of PTSD and the rate of depression in the intervention group. Cognitive–behavioral conjoint therapy was effective on reduction of symptoms in PTSD and co-morbid depression.

Although as the most complete religion، Islam provides suggestions for better family relations، however due to some terms used in Quran، it has been accused of favoring violence against women. One example is the word waz ribūhuna [i. e. beat them] in verse 34 of Surah Annisāā. By brining the different views of sociologists regarding terms such as family، domestic violence and social deviance، this paper examined these expressions using quranic terminology، web of quranic concepts and relevant verses and commentary traditions. Using content analysis، and within a theoretical attributive framework، this paper examined the view of Quran towards women and family، and by applying the available parallel texts in verses and commentary traditions، the condition of beating and examples of Quran’s opposition to violence against women were analyzed. Also the contradiction of the term waz ribūhuna with the foundations of Sociological theories of violence against women was proved and using the theories of social deviance، explained sociologically، what the verse considered as disobedient women. Results indicated that the discourse of the verse was different from the discourse used in criticisms. The term waz ribūhuna، as a guiding concept attempted to regulate a troubled family which had not respected its boundaries. waz ribūhuna was used in very limited situations and came respectively after fa ‘izūhunna and juhvwah jurūhunna fil mazāji’I، where these two stages did not answer as solutions. Falā tab ghū ‘alay hinna sabīlā، plus the commentary tradition under waz ribūhuna، indicates Quran’s opposition towards violence against women.

The Increasing rate of divorce in Iran، especially in recent decades، has been affected by psychological and sociological factors which require a vast survey due to the threatening outcomes of divorce in social life. This paper، examines this phenomenon from its sociological aspect and only from the viewpoint of women. Firstly، it aims to show that the changing attitudes of women towards family function has had a great influence on how they perceive divorce and has thus increased the divorce rate in Iran and secondly، to arouse the sensitivity of cultural institutions and organizations of the country to find a solution. This descriptive-analytic research was carried out using survey method. The researcher-made questionnaire regarding spouse selection and family function were distributed randomly among 500 women who were systematically selected from 5 main areas of Tehran (North، east، south west، and center). Results indicated that the values related to family roles and functions have undergone changes، resulting in a great gap between the two generations regarding their views about basic family functions. Furthermore، how the young generation perceived divorce was much different to their precedents in a way that many young women no longer considered divorce as unfavorable.