فهرست مطالب

Galen Medical journal
Volume:5 Issue: 4, 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/11/02
  • تعداد عناوین: 13
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  • Ghazaleh Heydarirad, Seyed Mohammad Hasan Sadeghi, Seyed Mehdi Hosseini Khameneh, Mahmood Khodadoost*, Mohammad Kamalinejad, Shirin Jafari, Latif Gachkar Pages 165-172
    Fractures, especially leg fractures, are one of the most common problems in the world, and it causes a considerable economic and social burden for patients and societies. Orthopedic surgery plays the most important role in the treatment of fractures, but it is expensive and requires anesthesia which has a variety of side effects. Besides surgery and conventional treatments, it seems that the use of natural substances as complementary therapy can be useful. In Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) manuscripts, many diverse natural substances, especially medicinal herbs, are mentioned as useful medications for fracture healing. The aim of this study was to investigate medicinal plants and natural substances used in TPM as useful in fracture healing, by an overview of traditional knowledge as compared with new investigations. The main manuscripts of TPM, including the Canon of Medicine, Tohfat-ol-Moemenin, Exir-e–azam and Makhzan-ol-advieh, were assembled through a literature search, to select the substances used in fracture healing. Also, current evidence on related substances were studied through a search of Google Scholar and PubMed databases. In this study, eleven substances were identified and categorized into three groups: plants, animals, and minerals. The results of our study showed that the most cited substances were used due to their effects on fracture or wound healing, inflammations, and pain. This historical assessment can help in obtaining new data about natural substances for faster fracture healing, which may lead to subsequent opportunities to assess their potential medicinal use.
    Keywords: Fracture Healing, Traditional Medicine, Natural
  • Fariborz Manteghi, Mohammad Nasehi*, Mohammad Reza Zarrindast Pages 173-179
    Background
    When confronting with an unfamiliar environment, animals exert orderly and complex behaviors called exploration. Locomotion is the most important part of exploratory behavior, but the principles of this behavior have not been fully understood yet. Here we studied the effects of the frontal region preconditioning with right and left frontal anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist, arachydonilcyclopropylamide (ACPA) on locomotion in NMRI male mice.
    Materials And Methods
    This study was carried out with 12 groups of NMRI mice (each group consisted of 8 mice), which were divided into 3 categories of ACPA alone, right, and left frontal anodal tDCS combined with ACPA. Anodal tDCS (with a current intensity of 0.2 mA for 20 minutes) was performed one day prior to ACPA intraperitoneal injection (0.01,0.05,0.1 mg/kg) and 15 minutes after injection the exploratory locomotion test was carried out.
    Results
    The data showed that right frontal anodal tDCS combined with 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg of ACPA and left frontal anodal tDCS combined with 0.05 mg/kg ACPA increased exploratory locomotion.
    Conclusions
    Our finding suggested that combined implementation of right and left anodal tDCS and ACPA exerted anxiolytic properties and could increase exploratory related locomotion.
    Keywords: Anodal Stimulation Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Arachydonilcyclopropylamide, Locomotion, Exploratory Behaviors
  • Zahra Parvizi, Ahmad Kalateh Sadati*, Negar Azarpira, Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi, Reza Tabrizi, Seyed Taghi Heydari, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Pages 180-187
    Background
    Liver transplant candidates are under stressconditions which affect their Quality of life (QOL), a subject which is not well-understood and is worthy of evaluation. The aim of this study is to determine the socio-demographic variables about QOL of liver transplant candidates.
    Materials And Methods
    This cross-sectional study was evaluated QOL among 210 liver transplant candidates in Shiraz, Iran. The questionnaire includes demographic and socioeconomic conditions of the patients, in addition to another questionnaire on QOL which comprised 6 dimensions. The statistical analyses used included independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A two-tailed P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
    Results
    The results obtained showed that the score off emotion was significantly less than males (P=0.05). Patients aged lower than 30 years and patients with lower BMI had a higher score of QOL (P=0.05). Single patients had lower worries than married (P=0.05). Patients with Governmental Health Insurance were less distressed and had more emotions than patients with other insurances who had a more emotional function(P
    Conclusion
    The QOL of liver transplant candidates is dependent on gender, age, habitat, marital status, BMI, health insurance, and cirrhosis diagnosis. Because QOL is related to the psychological problem, it is suggested to provide psychological consultations on these variables.
    Keywords: Liver Transplant Candidate, Quality of Life, Psychological Problem, Iran
  • Shahla Afsharpaiman, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Mahdi Faridchehr, Mojtaba Komijani, Shokoofeh Radfar, Susan Amirsalari, Mohammad Torkaman, Shahnaz Shirbazoo* Pages 188-193
    Background
    Toxoplasmosis, a protozoan infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is suggested to be a risk factor for many psychological disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children. Previous studies have assessed the correlation between ADHD and infectious diseases like toxoplasmosis. So we aimed to investigate the possible correlation between Toxoplasma seropositivity and ADHD in children.
    Materials And Methods
    In this cross-sectional study children with signs of ADHD were regarded as patients and underwent clinical assessments. Diagnosis of these patients was based on DSM-IV-TR system which was performed by a pediatric psychiatrist. Forty-eight Children without signs of ADHD or other psychic disorders were considered as control, and 48 patients were considered as case group. Parents were asked to answer a questionnaire including demographic, pregnancy and habitual questions. Blood samples were taken from all individuals and assessed for anti-Toxoplasma IgM and IgG antibodies.
    Results
    Ninety-six male and female patients with a mean age of 8.12 years underwent analysis. Seropositivity rate for anti-T.gondii IgG antibody was 4.2% in the case and 2.1% in control individuals (P=0.92). Anti-T.gondii IgM antibodies were not found in control individuals while it was found in 2.1% of case individuals (P=0.74). There was no statistically significant association between seroprevalence of IgM (P=0.74) and IgG (P=0.92) antibodies and ADHD in study individuals.
    Conclusion
    Our findings showed that the toxoplasmosis seropositivity has no significant difference between children with and without ADHD. Further studies are needed with a larger amount of individuals.
    Keywords: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma Gondii, Children
  • Shapour Badiee Aval, Ali Khorsand*, Seyed Javad Mojtabavi, Shima Rezaei Deloei, Guo Chang Qin Pages 194-199
    Background
    Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mainly exists in the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, and peripheral tissues and can relieve pain through its degradation product β-endorphin. Its mRNA expression quantity represents the level of gene expression of endorphin system. We aimed to determine the effects of electro-acupuncture and acupotomy dissolution on the mRNA expression of center POMC in rats with non-specific low back pain.
    Materials And Methods
    This study was performed on 42 Sprague-Dawley rats in four groups of normal, model, electro-acupuncture, and acupotomy. The normal group did not receive any intervention, while non-specific low back pain was established in other groups. Then, the model group did not receive any treatment, electro-acupuncture and acupotomy groups were treated with electro-acupuncture therapy and acupotomy, respectively. Microscopic images of the slices, prepared from spinal dorsal horn and hypothalamus, were analyzed to evaluate the mRNA expression of center POMC.
    Results
    Under light microscopy examination, the positive POMC mRNA cells of electro-acupuncture and acupotomy groups increased more than the model group, while its expression in the hypothalamus and spinal dorsal horn was less than the model group, but the difference was not significant (P
    Conclusion
    Electro-acupuncture and acupotomy could reduce POMC mRNA expression in spinal cord and increase it in the hypothalamus of rats with non-specific low back pain.
    Keywords: Acupotomy, Electro, acupuncture, Non, specific Lower Back Pain, Pro, opiomelanocortin, mRNA Expression
  • Mohammad Soleimani, Maziar Habibi, Pirkoohi* Pages 200-207
    Background
    Development of new antimicrobial drugs targeting virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria is an effective strategy to address increasing emergence of resistant bacterial strains. Considering the clinical importance of Staphylococcus aureus and global emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of this pathogen, the present study was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on growth and capsule formation as a virulence factor of S. aureus.
    Materials And Methods
    The SNPs were biologically synthesized by unicellular microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and its inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus and expression of capsule encoding gene (cap8) was quantitatively evaluated by serial microdilution and Real-Time PCR; respectively. The growth rate of S. aureus under nanoparticles treatment was monitored in a six-hour interval.
    Results
    The results obtained in this research indicated the formation of monodisperse spherical SNPs that inhibited S. aureus growth at a concentration of 50μg/ml (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=50μg/ml). The growth kinetic analysis showed that S. aureus growth was significantly diminished immediately after treatment. Moreover, the SNPs decreased expression of type 8 capsule (cap8) gene even at concentrations below MIC value.
    Conclusion
    The results of this experiment suggest that biologically synthesized SNPs are fairly ideal candidates for the development of new antimicrobial drugs against S. aureus.
    Keywords: Chlorella Vulgaris, Cap8, Silver Nanoparticle, Staphylococcus Aureus
  • Zohreh Ghorashi*, Alireza Yousefy, Effat Merghati Koei Pages 208-214
    Background
    Sexual well-being is essential in women’s overall health. Emphasis is placed on the assessment of women’s sexual behaviors across various domains. The purpose of this study was to describe the processes undertaken to evaluate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire developed for assessing sexual behaviors in its domains among Iranian women through their reproductive age.
    Materials And Methods
    A mixed method study using exploratory design was conducted with the Iranian women of reproductive age living in Rafsanjan, a city in the Kerman Province, the center of Iran. Item reduction was made in three main steps: 1) item development in the qualitative phase of the study; 2) determination of internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient; 3) content and face validity, construct validity using factor analysis. The qualitative exploratory phase produced the 62-item Sexual Behaviors Assessment Questionnaire (SBAQ).
    Results
    The exploratory factor analysis revealed three domains include sexual capacity, sexual motivation, and sexual performance. Good internal consistency and reliability were obtained (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.81) for the global 33-item SBAQ. The items on the SBAQ revealed factor-loading > 0.5.
    Conclusion
    The SBAQ is a new validated and culturally appropriate instrument for evaluating sexual behaviors of Iranian women through their reproductive ages.
    Keywords: Sexual Behavior, Reproductive Age, Women, Questionnaire, Iranian
  • Alieh Safari, Farzad Kompani, Sara Memarian, Maryam Monajemzadeh, Rahman Khosravi, Behdad Gharib* Pages 215-218
    Background
    Childhood leukemia is not a common disease. However, the most common malignant neoplasms in children are the leukemias, and 77% of these cases are acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
    Case Report: We report a case of precursor B-cell ALL, initially presented by unusual manifestations such as; teeth ache, loose teeth and gum swelling, knee pain and a normal cell blood count (CBC). It was first considered to be Histiocytosis. Several laboratory workups have been performed to rule out the immunologic, infectious and rheumatologic diseases. A bone marrow aspiration revealed the diagnosis of leukemia. However, acute myeloid leukemia is more famous for being accompanied by oral presentation; our patient was afflicted by ALL. The patient was first referred to a dentist for the oral manifestations.
    Conclusion
    This case reminds the importance of systemic evaluation of localized signs and symptoms in children and detailed history taking, follow-ups and physical examination.
    Keywords: Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic, Oral Manifestations, Histiocytosis, Langerhans, Cell
  • Kazem Anvari, Masoumeh Gharib, Amin Saburi, Seyed Alireza Javadinia* Pages 219-224
    Background
    Chondrosarcoma is a very rare brain tumor. Patients with mesenchymal chondrosarcoma have a worse prognosis and survival than other subtypes of brain chondrosarcoma.
    Case Report: A 29-year-old man underwent craniotomy because of a headache and blurred vision in his left eye lasting for 15 days. Pathologic examination revealed mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
    Conclusion
    Chondrosarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnoses of intracranial extra-axial hypo- and hypervascular tumors, especially in young patients. Surgical resection and radiotherapy are the preferred treatment for these patients.
    Keywords: Central Nervous System Neoplasms, Primary Supratentorial Neoplasms, Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma, Chondrosarcomas, Mesenchymal
  • Mojtaba Farjam, Alireza Askari, Ali Hoseinipour, Reza Homayounfar, Javad Jamshidi, Fatemeh Khodabakhshi, Habib Zakeri* Pages 225-229
    Background
    Low back pain (LBP) is one of the main causes of disability in most societies that imposes much cost to the economic and health systems. In Iranian population, a prevalence as high as 27% has been reported for chronic LBP. So this study was designed to investigate the factors associated with low back pain in Iranian population.
    Methods/ Design: In Fasa Cohort Study, a branch of Persian cohort study, LBP patients were registered among the participants. A total of 10000 peoples, 1700 patients enrolled in cohort study were registered as LBP patients. In addition to detailed demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, nutrition, and medical history, limited physical examinations, determination of physical activity and body composition that was obtained in the cohort study, history of LBP, assessment of the pain severity, McGill pain inventory, and Oswestry questionnaire was filled for the LBP patients. All data are stored online using a dedicated software.
    Discussion
    The cohort study is the best way to collect the necessary information required for policy making in the field of LBP. This study will help in providing some information about LBP in our area to establish a better management of the disease. Moreover, this study will provide many opportunities for clinical trials in this field, and we are going to do interventional studies in the cohort in future.
    Keywords: Low Back Pain, Cohort Study, Rural Area, Protocol, Fasa