فصلنامه مدیریت توسعه و تحول
پیاپی 18 (پاییز 1393)

In this research, production planning and the amount controlling of inventory have been as effective factors in the process of reverse supply chain in flow returned products from customers to producers. Also, as the amount of recoverable as well as recycling returned products factors are in uncertainty and probability condition; therefore, a model which is enable to meet customers ‘needs in terms of least delay time, high flexibility and low cost of supply chain is necessary. The results of multi objective mathematic model is to meet and optimize different objectives as increasing profitability, decreasing cost, decreasing the environment pollution, scrap and processing time. Considering that the reverse supply chain problem is categorized in NP-Hard problems which are not easily solvable by Gradient methods thus other methods like Genetic Algorithm for optimizing production planning and inventory control in reverse supply chain was used.

Conspicuous consumption is a fairly universal phenomenon: while possibly more pervasive in developed countries. It can be said, conspicuous consumption is more common in some cultures that have a tendency to materialism. This research provides deeper understanding of why consumers are willing to buy luxury cars. The population of this study consists of Toyota, Hyundai & Kia Motors automobile owners in the city of Tehran. The German made Mercedes Benz and the Japanese made Lexus are the luxury products of the population. The final sample consists of 390 participants, and the method is proportional stratified sampling. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and SPSS and LISREL software are used for the data analysis. The main findings show that the Iranian consumer perception of the luxury brand is significantly more affected by the variables of hedonism, uniqueness, and quality than the conspicuous and social values. Marketing managers of luxury brands can use the results to get more consumers to buy. The five perceived values of luxury automobiles can be used as guidelines for salesmen to sell successfully to customers.

Environmentalism dates back to the 1960s and early 1970s with increasing concern about the impacts of consumption and production patterns on the environment considering the health effects and the impact of economic and population growth. During the last decades, due to consumer demand, an increase of demand for the green brands has occurred. Thus green marketing as a multidimensional strategic and tactical process has emerged. This study seeks to understand consumers’ green purchase intention and behavior based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).The sample was randomly selected from consumers who live in Qazvin. A total of 428 questionnaires were completed and used for data analysis. Data analysis, using Lisrel software, indicated that attitude toward environmental issues is the most influential predictor among other variables. Also, according to the findings we can see that subjective norms and attitude toward behavior affect green purchase intention and accordingly intention positively influence green buying behavior.

The Importance of brand and its impact on products and services selling are increasingly growing. Thus this study considers the main factors affecting consumers’ brand choice from behavioral perspective. In this regard, to determine the effective consumption values as well as relationship between corporate reputation and consumer consumption values the theory of consumption values is used. In order to collect the required data, questionnaire was used. Sample was selected among the car owners of IRAN KKODRO Co. in Tehran. Data analysis with use of exploratory factor analysis, discriminate analysis and structural equation modeling has been done. Results suggest that consumption values influence brand choice and through this prediction of customers’ brand choice is possible. Success rate of this model in predicting consumers correct brand choice behavior was %54.5. Also, SEM result showed that the corporate reputation effect on consumers’ consumption values is significant.

In today competing markets, making customers loyal, plays determining role in survival of the organizations. Loyalty programs are one of exemplary means for that purpose. The aim of this article is examination the effects of the loyalty programs on buying decisions of the customers. In this study, with regard to conceptual model is used, 3 hypotheses are expressed that finally all of them are accepted as a result of T. student analysis of gathered data by questionnaire from the samples. In continuation of the thesis, the designed 5 loyalty programs are ranked in order of their influence on customer's buying decision by factor analysis. Customer's buying decision's factors are ranked by their importance too.

The present research aims to identify and prioritize the motivational factors influencing knowledge sharing among an organization’s knowledge workers, to provide managers with a framework for personnel’s knowledge sharing, and to increase personnel’s willingness to share knowledge in order to overcome organization’s current problems. In knowledge economy, knowledge-based organizations specifically count on their personnel. Knowledge sharing is important for organizations because it enables them to improve their skills and provides them with value, credibility, and competitive advantage. When an organization’s personnel share their knowledge and personal experience, innovation occurs. In order to answer the research questions, credible techniques of Fuzzy-multiple Criteria Decision Making (F-MCDM) were used. Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process (F-AHP) technique was used to rank the criteria and to determine their relative importance. Finally, Fuzzy-Technique for Order-Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (F-TOPSIS) was used to prioritize the options of hierarchical model (four stages of knowledge sharing process). According to the ranking results, “trust in management” is ranked first. Moreover, after reviewing the effect of every 21 indicator on four stages of knowledge sharing process in the studied context, “internalization” was found to be of more importance compared to other stages of knowledge sharing process.

Today, respecting ethics or morals is inevitable to analyze public organizations; moreover, leaders should be committed to common ethics in order to conduct the staff to the common goals. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to investigate the ethical leadership method in public organizations. The concept of ethical leadership, structure, and specifications of it are studied from the perspective of several experts. At the end, the conceptual model, affected by two individual and managerial perspectives is proposed. To measure the validity of model, the model is tested in a public organization of Iran. Findings showed ethical leadership and management are comprised of two individual and managerial elements and considerate of both the individual and managerial structure can see the impact of these elements on the consequences of ethical leadership.

Recently, customer equity is proposed by researchers as an important factor for the successful marketing. This includes chain restaurant industry too. There are different models considering the customer equity through three main factors as relationship equity, brand equity, and reached equity. The aim of this research is to explore the effect of customer equity determinant on the formation of chain restaurant. Considering that the statistical society of this research is the customers of Ayda chain restaurant in Karaj City, a sample of 384 customers was selected. In order to collect the required data questionnaire was used. Data analysis with the use of factor analysis and structural equation modeling has been done. The results showed that brand equity, relationship equity and reached equity positively affect customer equity in the formation of the chain restaurants brand. Also, the results showed that brand equity and reached equity have positive effect on relationship equity.