نشریه تحقیقات تاریخ اجتماعی
سال دوم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1391)

Considering the meaning of traditional communications and research about its role in the socio-political shia movements can be helpful in many ways besides recognizing the shia identity of the people. It can provide a better understanding of the traditional means of communications, its functions and its potentials, especially in the societies like Iran in which the chief way of communicating is oral. The present article is trying to look at the creative function of the traditional communications and its potentialities in the Constitutional revolution in this area. Also it is trying to present a through picture of the traditional shia way of communications in the social arena. This is done by taking note of sources on the culture and communications. Considering the role and the impact of Shia clergy, Mosques, the pulpit, Bazar, coffee houses, and other collective tradition and religious gatherings they can be helpful to construct new definitions of traditional and Islamic communications. By doing so the impact of the deep and yet the simple and uniqe way of communications of Iranian Islamic oral culture in Shia socio-political arena is understood.

The background of Zoroasterians’ presence in Yazd goes back to the early times of Islam in Iran. The invasion of Timurlang and disastors that it caused in Khorasan and the northern part of the country had some impacts. That event turned Yazd into an attractive center for Zoroasterians, for it was removed far away from the center of upheavals. Besides the fact the impacts of this particular background on the social life of Yazd extended to the coming periods, it has been important in many ways in the Naseri era also. Many happenings like the increment of pressure of majority on minorities, the impacts of British support of Parsians’ relationships with Zoroasterians in India, appearance of men like Amir Kabir and Mirza Hosain Khan Sepahsalar on the political scene, whose efforts aimed at protecting the rights of the minotities, created a favorable background for interaction between political men and Zorasterians.Therefore, the present article tries to answer two questions based on the newly found documents; how much the measurs that Amir Kabir who set forth for improvement of the situation of minorities had influnced their image, and also, along with the reformist attitudes of Naseri era the British support and the function of the society of Akaber Parsian had influenced on the abolishment of tax paid by Zoroasterians.

During Sasanid Era the Princesses of the royal family, particularty the crown prince, were supposed to learn and master various kingly arts and techniques like horse riding, archery, hunting, javelin throwing,and some other ways associated with royalty. Also the princesses were taught being just, giving, faithful, chivalrous and self deciplined. Sometimes they were taught in the way that it can be called “the institution of nursery”. There are many references to the nurses/teachers in the Armanian and also Georgian literature regarding Ashkanian and Sasanids. In this system of education the princesses, especaially the crown prince, learnt the kingly manners and ways by someone related to the royalty in one way or the other. The nurse/teacher saw it as his duty to support the prince whom he has educated. In the historical text the the word nurse (dayeh) and nursery system (dayegan) means a woman who feeds milk to the babies and also it may mean a caretaker who may be a woman or a man. Various historical reports indicate that the institution of nursery (dayegan) or educating the princesses of the royal family was wellknown for about five centutries. It also was practiced among the people related to Sasanides in that era.The present research tries to explain educating the princesses or so called the “dayegan institution” during Sasanids utilizing historical documents.

This article concerns with the impact of city sewage system on the lives of the people of Isfahan. On the surface it may look a superficial subject to entertain, and yet considering the importance of it with regard to the health and the impact that it has had on the mind of our forefathers, it proves otherwise.There have been various attitudes regarding the sewage of city. For centuries the sewage had been regarded as the provider of the fertilizer to the agricultural lands. Obviously collecting and carrying to the proper destination created health problems and other inconveniences which many protested. The modern view on the sewage changed. It was considered polluted remains that had to be removed without hassle. The present article compares two ways of looking at the problem of the sewage of city of Isfahan in the one and half century, which was at last was resolved through modern techniques. Also the piped water system of Isfahan that was done during that time was discussed. The question is what did the people of the cities with their sewage remains and especially the people of Isfahan what way had to deal with this problem. It is assumed that the more the modern techniques came to the help of people with regard to health, the more attempt has been made to speed up the old problems of these kinds. The research has utilized documentary data.

The socio-economic conditions in Iran were influenced by many factors in Ilkhans’ era. One of these factors was disobedient Negoderian who put up incursions in the kingdom with great deal of impact on the socio-economic condions.The present article is to shed light on the socio-economic consequences of this incusion. This is done through descriptive, interpretive, and questioning methods.Among the consequences of the incursion mentioned are: social insecurity, disarray in business, agriculture, livestock breedings as well as slaughtering and collective migration to other lands.

Khorasan is one of the border regions, an important route and a political center which has witnessed many historical upheavals. The time of invasion and domination of Mogol and the rule of Ilkhanans is one of the important periods in this part of Iran. One of the important consequences of this event has been the changes in the population make up whose results has lasted even to the present. Besides the fact that many were massacred in that historically significant time, a great number of people moved to the other parts of the country or other lands. Many left their homeland Khorasan trying to escape massacre and many more left for other reasons; like political, military and scientific-cultural. At the same time some other people like Turks and Mogols came in to Khorasan. Historical ducuments indicate a catastrophic happenings taking place in the early periods of invasion, without paying much attention to the details. Also not much is said about the coming back of the groups who had escaped and the new groups who came. Therefore the main concern of this article is to discuss these matters and present a concise picture of the population changes of Khorasan in its various dimensions of that period.