فصلنامه توسعه ی آموزش جندی شاپور
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 22، پاییز 1396)

Cognitive load theory has made an important contribution in the field of learning up today.The objective of this study was applying the principles of cognitive load theory in development an educational plan for algebra concept, the perceived cognitive load, achievement behaviors and efficiency in learning. Participants included 56 girl students from 7th grade. Two schools were randomly selected among the secondary schools of district 6 of Tehran, and assigned one as the experimental group and the other as the control group. Educational program based on cognitive load effects was run in the experimental group. Participants completed algebra concepts test, subjective grading scale of cognitive load, efficiency measures of Pass and Merriënboer, and a measure of achievement behavior assignments. The data were analyzed using of covariance analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, and chi-square analysis. Results showed that in the experimental group the academic achievement in algebra concept, efficiency, persistence on homework, and making effort to give correct responses was higher than the control group. Also, students perceived lower cognitive load compared to the control group and selecting problems with average difficulty was significantly higher in the experimental group. The Educational plan based on the principles of cognitive load improves achievement and the related behaviors in students. Practical implications of results are discussed.

The present research aims to predict students’ English language performance based on anxiety in triple skills (reading , listening and writing) of English language teaching. This was a descriptive correlational study .The statistical population included all the female students in the age range of 13 to 18 years old studying in Shokouh language institutes located in Sari, Ghaemshahr, Babol, Babolsar, and Amirkola in the summer trimester of 2016, out of which a sample of 545 language learners was selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect the data, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory , Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale, Foreign Language Reading Anxiety Scale and Second Language Writing Anxiety Inventory were used and to assess students’ English academic performance , their final scores was used. Pearson correlation and stepwise regression analysis were employed to analyze the data .Findings indicated the correlation between anxiety in three types of language skills and academic performance. Based on the results of step-wise regression analysis, the three types of linguistic skills had predictive power for academic performance and these three variables explained 25 percent of the changes of academic performance in the language lesson. Given the Betta coefficients, listening anxiety had the highest predictive power for academic performance. The practical implications of the present research indicate that necessary plans should be employed to control and decrease the anxiety in different language skills

The aim of present research was to identify the quality of implementation and the effect of in-service adult education on primary school managers in respect to literacy . The research method regarding to regarding to goal was applied and in respect to gathering data was descriptive – survey . The statistical population included teachers who participated in adult education in country and primary school managers taken part in adult education and those of didn’t participated . Sample Size of teachers was 90 from provinces in country . To select teachers and managers simple random sampling and multi stage sampling were used . The size of sample of managers in present study was 446 including fars province (193) charmahale bakhtiyary (42) lorestan (84) hamedan (48)alborz(23) , ilam (56) . sample size of managers who didn’t participated in adult education was 315 . Statistical analysis of the data were used by a single group t-test, chi-square , Friedman rank , independent t – test analysis . The results showed that the quality of implementation programs for both teachers and managers in terms of curriculum , teachers , management were estimated relatively desired . Teachers and managers believed the adult education affected positively on their knowledge , attitude and skill . in addition , the level of trained manager's knowledge were significantly more than non-trained managers .

A part of job behaviors and level of employee's job efficiency and effectiveness is depends on their cultural and social attitudes. Because of having revolutionary valuable experience, employees of the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad (MAJ) have a set of special cultural duties and it has the responsibility for the staff Ideological education planning. According to the conducted studies, Lack of scientific data in the field of employee's ideological education needs has established preliminary obstacles in the way to reform and development of Ideological education programs, Ministry of mentioned earlier. This theme was the main issue of the research. This research was a descriptive survey study and its statistical population included: "employees of the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad", "in-service Ideological training courses teachers" and "managers and experts in educational planning areas of representing the supreme leader". Research tool consisted of three different questionnaires which their face validity was confirmed using the point of view of 24 members of the research community and reliability calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. The main findings showed that the degree of need for planning and implementation of employee's Ideological training from the three points of view including: employees, administrators and teachers is respectively, 3.95, 4.09 and 4.4 of 5 generally and degree of effect of the training in increasing the productivity of the employee's job activities was also respectively: 3.3, 4.19 and 4.36 of 5. In the field of degree of achieving ideological training to the long-term goal of the agricultural sector Average points of view respectively was as follows: 3.06, 3.43 and 3.46 of 5. On the other hand, priority of employee's Ideological training needs is: Ideological training courses of "familiarity with the Nahj¬Al Balaghah", "familiar with the interpretation of prayer", "familiarity with the thematic interpretation of the Quran (On the topics of happiness, life skills, services, etc.)", "familiarity with the thematic interpretation of the Quran (On the topics of Justice, resurrection, imamate, etc.)" .

investigate the effectiveness of social skills training on the four components (hope, optimism, resilience, & self-efficacy) of psychological capital among high school female students. The experimental design was a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population was all female high school students in district 4 of Tehran during the academic year of 2014-2015, among them 42 students from 2 high schools were selected by random cluster sampling and randomly assigned to two groups (control and experiment) of 21 people. Data were collected by Lutan's Psychological Capital Questionnaire (2007). The ratio X² of this test is 4/6. The experimental group was trained in 10 sessions of social skills training and during these sessions, no training was given to the control group. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-variable covariance analysis and the mean of the control and experimental group in the pretest was not significantly different.But In the post-test, the mean of the experimental group was greater than the control group, and shows that social skills training has a positive and significant effect on the four components of student's psychological capital. (p education system to empower people in confronting challenges and the changes in life in the current society needs to develop the psychological capital of its students which can be done by teaching social skills.

This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of teaching learning and study strategies with the impact of emotional regulation training on academic resilience and test anxiety of female high school students. This was a quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest and control group. For this purpose, 60 students out of 31 schools were randomly placed in three groups (first group: teaching learning and study strategies, second group: emotional regulation training and third group: no education) after the conduction of the pretest and screening. After ten educational sessions regarding both the first and second groups, the results of the posttest by the two questionnaires of test anxiety and academic resilience were gathered and then the scores of the pretest and the posttest of the control and experimental groups were compared by the multivariate analysis methods and Schefe test. The results of data analysis showed that teaching learning and study strategies has a more significant efficiency rather than emotional regulation training on the reduction of test anxiety and the academic resilience.

The purpose of this study is to provide a spiritual cultural intelligence model at Farhangian University in Mazandaran, so by which we can be informed about the status of components explaining cultural intelligence at Farhangian University. The research is practical in terms of purpose, and as a research method, it is descriptive-survey and cross-sectional. The statistical population of research is consisted of all employees in Farhangian University of Mazandaran in academic year of 2016-2017 about 150 people. The research is based on data collected from 150 subjects, by using a census sampling method from the target population. The required data were collected by using a questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used for data analysis. The research results show that, according to the results of exploratory factor analysis, as well as the results of standard coefficients, t values and R2 values in confirmatory factor analysis, each of the strategic components 1. (metacognition), 2. Cognitive, 3. Motivational and 4. Behavioral are effective in explaining cultural intelligence at Farhangian University in Mazandaran, so the final model of cultural intelligence at Farhangian University will be composed of four mentioned components.

The aim of this study is to provide a model of professional ethics in higher education institutions in Mazandaran. The research in terms of purpose is functional and in terms of research method is descriptive and cross-sectional. The study population included all faculty members in higher education institutions in academic year 2015-2016 in Mazandaran and Research has done based on data collected from 384 subjects, based on Cochran formula by classifying method from population. Required data was collected by using a questionnaire, and analyzed by SPSS, LISREL software. To analyze the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used. The results show, according to the results of exploratory factor analysis as well as, results of standardized coefficients, t values and the value of R2 in the confirmatory factor analysis, each component of 1. social responsibility, 2. belong to the scientific community, 3. Self-efficiency, 4. scientific responsibility, 5. fairness, 6. legal ethics, 7. superiority and competitiveness, 8. Commitment to the values and norms of the higher education system, is effective in explaining the professional ethics in higher education institutions in Mazandran, so the final model of professional ethics in higher education institutions will be consists of eight components.

By increasingly development of techniques and skills, and emergence of modern phenomena in information technology, and their effects on life styles and attitudes, education process which is one of fundamental basis of the societies, has been changed. The existence of broad communication networks including advanced education tools and equipment has changed education methods. During recent years, one of strategic policies of education ministry is electronic learning of development and promotion of electronic and virtual systems in the form of intelligent schools in order to improve effectiveness and efficacy of education and cost effectiveness; so that 6th grade of primary schools is now held intelligently in many schools. But, one of major discussions and main factors of success in these systems is adoption by the teachers. This study investigates the factors related to the adoption of e-learning systems by teachers of 6th grade students of primary schools of Gorgan. Conceptual model utilized in this study was revised technology adoption model (TAM). The population of the study includes 128 teachers of 6th grade of primary schools, 100 of them were selected by random as a sample. The results of testing hypotheses showed that IT skills and motivation have significant and positive relationship with adoption of e-learning systems, and stress of using these systems have negative and significant relationship. According to the findings of the study, it was suggested that education ministry perform activities such as holding practical training courses on ICT, establishing teachers’ assessment system according to the level of utilization of systems in intelligent schools, material and spiritual motivation for using e0laerning systems, in order to promote the level of using e0laerning systems.

This study was done aimed to compare the effectiveness of the group intervention with two cognitive-behavioral methods and logo therapy on happiness of female students of Tarbiat Moallem University (Tehran-Karaj) of Iran in the academic year of (2010-2011) with a quasi-experimental method with control and experimental groups on 30 people of sample groups (each group n = 10) who have been selected by convenient method. Two group methods of 10 sessions of cognitive behavioral and logo therapy were used in this study. To collect data in three time periods (pre-test, post-test and follow-up) the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was used in both test of experimental and control groups . The results of data analysis by covariance analysis test were significant at 0.01 levels. Accordingly, it was shown that both cognitive behavioral therapeutic approach and logo therapy has been increased the happiness therapeutic in the experimental group and this difference is significant compared to the control group. Also in evaluating effectiveness of the two methods was also observed that logo therapy in the happiness of cognitive-behavioral therapy is more effective .

The bestowal of good and forbidding is one of the important duties of the religion of Islam, that its implementation or not has a profound and wide impact on all aspects of society, because God is the first and foremost man to be famous and neglectful of monk; hence the effects of the affair on the famous and The prohibition of negation on education is important among students, and we must provide the tools for their effectiveness in reaching them and comprehensive guidance facilities, the most important and greatest tools of the influence of power, the mobilization and organization of trained, religious, and Young people are passionate and joyful, Education (education) can be one of the most important institutions to teach the bestowal of good faith and the prohibition of evil in a manner that is effective in providing faithful and faithful scholars to the community, and a community based on And it is based on a purely Mohammed Islam, The purpose of this article is to study the direct and indirect solutions to the well-known and forbidding the neglect of the education of students, in order to prevent them from being invaded by cultural and religious beliefs. The methodology of this research is analytical-descriptive as The library has been crawled through a snap

This study by comparing the performance of students in technology-free and technology-free classes answers the question whether the academic achievement, academic performance, motivation for progress and attitude towards student's technology in these two educational settings (with and without technology) are different. ? And can classrooms with technology predict the variables of academic achievement, academic performance, motivation for progress, and attitudes towards student technology? This study was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of all high school students in Qom and 600 students were randomly selected. The tool used to measure the grade score for academic achievement, the technology lesson score for technology attitude, McGuak and Siegel's attitude toward education and Herman's motivation to motivate the students, which has a desirable validity and reliability. The average attitude toward technology, academic achievement, motivation for progress and attitudes towards studying in technology classes is higher than those with non-technology education status. Technology classes have had a significant impact on strengthening technology attitudes, academic achievement, motivating progress, and attitudes toward education. Technology classes were effective in explaining the attitude toward technology (11.5%), in explaining academic achievement (16%), in explaining the motivation of progress (16.6%), and in explaining the attitude toward education (5.4%).

The purpose of this study was examination and comparison of the amount of mathematical errors between the students with learning disorders and normal ones at sixth grade in Lordegan City. The study was a kind of applied with descriptive- analytic survey. The statistical population were all students at sixth grade in Lordegan City (2495 normal students and 238 with learning disorders) in 1394-95. Simple random sampling was used and 50 normal students along with 40students with learning disorders were chosen to do the study. The instruments were a couple of researcher made worksheet and mathematic learning disorders questionnaire. Validity of the instruments were confirmed by 5 mental tests and learning disorders specialists. The reliability with Cronbach alpha was 0.82. T test and variance analysis were used to inferential analysis. Findings showed that there is difference between students with learning disorders and normal ones at problem solving scale and distinction of shape, 4 operation, money and time at mathematical errors. There was no significant difference between students with mathematical learning disorder (whole and subscales) with attention to demographic traits(sex, average and parental education).

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents’ perfectionism with self-esteem and optimism of their children among female high school students in Rasht City. The present study was in the field of correlation studies. The population of this study was 210 female students. Cluster random sampling was used in this research. Accordingly, the research sample included 130 female high school students. The data collection tool is the standard questionnaire. Ahwaz's perfectionism scale, Cooper Smith's self-esteem test and Shirer and Carver's self-esteem test and scale were used. Data analysis was done through regression test and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS application. In general, the results showed that there is a more relationship between fathers’ perfectionism with the self-esteem of their children and there is more relationship between mother's perfectionism with optimism of their children.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a spiritual intelligence group training on the psychological well-being in high school students. This is a semi-experimental study. The statistical population includes all Ghazvin high school students, of whom 53 were selected as the sample and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. Ryff psychological well-being questionnaire and Boyel spiritual intelligence training package were used as the research tools. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Data analysis showed that spiritual intelligence training on psychological well-being affect high school students.

The present study was done with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of group intervention with two methods of behavioral-cognitive and logo therapy on depression disorder and mental health of female students by quasi-experimental method with experimental and control groups on 30 persons of sample group (10 persons in each group)who have been selected by available method in Teacher Educating University (Tehran- Karaj) In Iran academic year : 2011 , In this study was used of two group methods in 10 sessions of behavioral - cognitive and logo - therapy and was usedepression questionnaire by cognitive - behavioral Method (Beck ) to collect data in three time periods (pre-test, post-test and follow-up ) in two experimental and control groups. The results of data analysis were significant by two tests of covariance and repeated variance analyses at the level of0/01 . Accordingly , it has been shown that both behavioral -cognitive therapy and logo - therapy approaches have been caused on Decrease in Depression and increase mental health in the experimental group and this difference is significant in comparison to the control group . On the other hand , re-test shows lasting effect of therapy on Decrease in Depression and increase mental health in both approaches with in one month . Also there was no difference in effectiveness in Decrease Depression and increase mental health between the two therapy groups.

The purpose of the present study is to examine the association between leadership influence styles on the management of efficient human force as well as the problem-solving process through the use of TRIZ technique (case study: West Azerbaijan Ministry of Education). The statistical population comprised of 1595 managers across West Azerbaijan schools. Using Cochran formula, the sample size was determined as 310 using proportional stratified random sampling method. To collect the data use was made by leadership influence styles and researcher-developed questionnaire for the problem-solving process through the use of TRIZ technique. Using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, the reliabilities were estimated as 0.837 and 0.905, respectively. Results and Simple linear regression test was employed which showed that there was a significant relationship between leadership influence styles in management human force with respect to the problem-solving process through the use of TRIZ technique. Also, there was a direct and significant relationship between cooperative leadership style in managing the efficient human force and the problem-solving process through the TRIZ technique (statement of the problem, choosing the instrument, offering the solution and evaluating the problem-solving). In addition, there was a reverse and significant relationship between imperative leadership influence style and the problem-solving process through the use of TRIZ technique (statement of the problem, choosing the instrument, offering the solution and evaluating the problem-solving).

The present study aimed to develop a structural model of academic achievement variables of Brilliant Talent students of Esfarayen city. In order to select the sample, randomized stratified sampling method was used. A total of 305 people were selected. According to the previous research, fourteen variables were identified which are influential in academic achievement of these students. Questionnaires of resilience, self-efficacy, progress motivation, academic hope, self-esteem, self-confidence, academic self-regulation, emotional intelligence, happiness, academic enthusiasm, academic attitude, academic vitality, and academic support were used as measurement tools. The score obtained from academic performance questionnaire was considered as an indicator of academic achievement. The research findings indicate that the variables of self-efficacy, resiliency, progress motivation, and self-esteem have a mediating role in academic performance; and the variable of academic performance affects self-confidence and self-confidence affects self-efficacy and self-efficacy again affects academic performance.

The main objective of this paper is identifying the basic competence and professional development requirements for teacher educators. This research utilizes the qualitative methods and grounded theory. After interviewing experts and teacher educators, concepts and categories of open, axial and selective coding were extracted.Due to large amount of research on professional development of teachers and faculty members, in one hand and lack of local research in this field, it can be inferred that investigation of professional development process of teacher educators is the missing link in the chain of professional development.In designing the framework of professional development of teacher educators, three main categories are considered as the basic requirements and competence. The first one is cognitive abilities with seven concepts, the second category is behavioral abilities with five concepts and the third category is social abilities with six concepts.These three categories of abilities are prerequisites for entrance to the profession of teacher educators and reaching to the professional development. Training professional teacher educators can lead to upbringing human capital, which is a beginning step towards the change of the educational system of the country.

The Velayat (supervision-leadership) of prophets and their successors in the history was during the God Velayat; God put Vali (supervisor) more worthy and meritorious than believers, after Prophet and Imams Supreme Leader have such a place in society. Expression of Velayat importance and are the purposes of this article. The research method is descriptive and analytical; that is what we tried to report without interference or inference of subjective and objective results reckon, and verses of the Holy Quran according to the survey questions, be analyzed. Accordingly, factors such as knowledge, love, faith, patience, follow the right and independence from the pagans as internal factors and divine forgiveness, coach, family, government and governor of the province known as external factors.

Creativity and entrepreneurship in the new age are influenced by informational technology, also creativity and entrepreneurship have played a major role in informational technology. Therefore, in the present research, has been studied the impact of informational technology on the creativity and entrepreneurship of the Birjand universities students The statistical population consisted of the students of Birjand Universities. In, October, December and November 2016 that a questionnaire was distributed among them. The statistical sample in the domain of the study was 286 according to the Cochran formula The results of the research with SPSS and LISREL software show that ICT has a positive effect on the motivation of creativity and entrepreneurship among students of Birjand universities. All the indicators of the model were confirmed. Familiarity with ICT courses for students leads to more creativity and entrepreneurship

In the topics of behavioral sciences, educational sciences, psychology and management, always the concepts of knowledge-based innovation and innovation have been of particular importance. Nowadays, it has been proven that the success of an organization in the social, economic, cultural, and political fields depends on the acquisition of new knowledge, combined with organization internal and external innovation, and only by having such system, an organization along with other successful organizations of deserves worthiness. One can never claim that innovation by itself takes shape, unless the organization seeks to it. The data gathering tool a researcher-made questionnaire which is ordered based on the five-point Likert scale including 5 spectrum very high, high, medium, low and very low. The statistical population of research includes all professors and students of Islamic Azad Universities of Mazandaran province. Sample in this study of subgroups includes faculty members, university lecturers and students estimated a total of 768. The findings briefly show that all dimensions, components and variables of the conceptual model of research in innovation development are explained based on the variables of knowledge management. The beneficiaries of this research are all educational centers, higher education, organizations, institutions, research centers and individuals who want to enhance the effectiveness their organization based on knowledge-based innovation structures according to Intellectual, ethical, behavioral, psychological and educational patterns of their beneficiaries.

the extreme use or addiction to the Internet has caused psychological and social disorders, especially in young people. This study was conducted with the aim of examining and comparing the dependence level, recognizing the relationship between Internet addiction and mental health and comparing psychosocial characteristics of Internet user students. This was a descriptive and correlation study. The statistical population of the study was students from 14 to 18 years old in Baku and Tehran City. Among the internet user students, 250 students were selected from Tehran and 250 ones from Baku using cluster sampling. Data were gathered from Yang Internet Addiction Questionnaire IAT and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire GHQ and data analysis was done at two descriptive (mean, percent, standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation) levels. The results of the study showed that the mean of Internet addiction test was (41.44) in Tehran and (48.75) in Baku. There was a significant relationship between internet dependency and physical health (r = 0.280), anxiety (r = 0.306), r = depression (r = 0.373), of the Internet user students in Tehran and Baku. The mean of Internet dependency in Baku users was more than ones in Tehran. There was a significant relationship between mental health and internet dependency. The greater the dependency, the more disorders, anxiety, depression was. Considering the cultural and social similarities between Iran and Azerbaijan, there was no significant difference in the level of mental health and social psychosocial behaviors among the Internet user students.