نشریه پژوهش های معاصر در مدیریت ورزشی
پیاپی 16 (پاییز و زمستان 1397)

The purpose of this research was to design a conceptual model of sports sponsorship in Iran. The methodology of research was the Grounded Theory (GT), Systematic approach. Data collection tools were studying research literature and interviews. The data analysis method was a continuous question and comparison in the steps of open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Because in the GT, generalizations are not considered, so sampling is not made and researched sources and contributors are selected theoretically to achieve theoretical saturation. After examining literature and conducting 16 interviews with sports marketing professors, theoretical saturation was obtained. After studying research literature and conducting 16 interviews with sports marketing professors, theoretical saturation was obtained. The findings showed that there are eleven main categories as the conditions of sport support in Iran that are: sponsorship, media, public opinion, institutions of sovereignty, fans, economic conditions, nature of sponsor, nature of sports institution, sports activity, ambush marketing, and intermediaries. Sponsors and sports activities were identified as the two main players in the formation of sports sponsorship, and other categories affect the formation of this phenomenon by influencing these two categories. Therefore, in order to form a favorable and sustainable sports support, first of all, it must attract the attention of fans and the media with a successful and impressive performance in their respective sport activities. Then, it should encourage, attract and retain the target companies and organizations that have been selected according to their economic conditions and their nature, using intermediaries and institutions of sovereignty.

The purpose of this study was to identify the Strategies of social participation in sport for all in Iran.considering the exploratory nature of the subject, the method of qualitative research and the strategy of the grounded theory was used to determine the Strategies of social participation in sport for all in Iran. First, through the initial studies, the introductory list of effective codes was identified. The statistical population of the study consisted of faculty members, managers and employees of the Sports Federation and the Sports Alliance of the Ministry of Sports, and the youth and sports Pioneers of the country. Sampling method it was purposefully and snowballed. After completing 27 deep and semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable scholars, theoretical saturation was obtained and the main categories were extracted after the completing the coding process. The open coding results indicated that 162 initial indications and 26 final indications could determine the Strategies of social participation in sport for all in Iran. Then, in the axial coding, the final badges were categorized in 12 concepts and 5 categoriesed. Finally, the identified categories derived from the selective coding, respectively, are Includes Development of Macro sections, comprehensive management of sport, development of awareness and social communication, structural development, attractive and motivational environment of sport. The sports managers can use the concepts and categories identified, in their future plans in order to benefit from social participation for the development of sport for all in the country.

Entrepreneurship ecosystem is a new approach to systematically and comprehensively examine entrepreneurship development in different areas, such as sports. The purpose of this study is to review the research on sport entrepreneurship in the six axes of politics, market, government, Support, human and financial capital in this approach. The statistical population of the study consisted of all published research articles (94 articles) in the field of entrepreneurship in sport from 2006 to 2018, which were compiled based on the key words from the scientific base of SID and also the search in the system of 18 related journals to receive the latest articles. Then articles related to each axis were classified and analyzed based on hierarchical analysis in three levels: macro, middle, and micro. The results showed that at the macro level of investment and the privatization of sport, the formation of sports cooperatives and especially the culture of Iranian sports organizations have been the main drivers of entrepreneurship at the macro level. At the mid-level, review of studies has shown that organizational structure and organizational learning, and in particular the planning and content of entrepreneurship-based education at the university, along with information technology, can influence the process of entrepreneurship. At micro level, various variables affect entrepreneurship in sport, the most important of which is the diverse personality characteristics of individuals. Of course, investment and financial risk; and entrepreneurial and social skills are also important. Therefore, it is suggested that in the future research, the interactive effects of variables related to each of the axes of entrepreneurship ecosystem in sport should be more explored.sport should be more explored.

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of psychological empowerment and psychological capital on individual readiness for change in staff of the Ministry of Sport and Youth. The statistical population consisted of all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth (N=850), which 265 subjects were selected by random sampling method based on the Cochran formula. To collect data, Spreitzer and Mishra’s (1995) psychological empowerment questionnaire, Luthan’s (2007) psychological resources questionnaire, and Dunham’s (1989) individual readiness for change questionnaire were used. To analyze the data and to identify the effects of research variables, the structural equation modeling was applied by using Lisrel software. The results of this research showed that psychological empowerment had a positive and significant effect on individual readiness for change (β=0.41, t=7.69). Psychological capital also had a positive and significant effect on individual readiness (β=0.86, t=11.01). The effect of psychological empowerment on psychological capital was positive and significant (β=0.79, t=10.22). Finally, the positive effect of psychological empowerment on individual readiness for change was confirmed by the mediating role of psychological capital (β=0.68, t=8.71). It can be concluded that the development of psychological empowerment and psychological capital can play an important role in the readiness of employees to accept changes.

Sports as an acceptable phenomenon for all can be considered as a training tool for the transfer of human and social values. Accordingly, the purpose of this research was to identify and formulate Components of cultural developments of education through with the Grounded. The research was qualitative and based on an interpretative paradigm. In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 experts from the sociology, management and behavioral of sports, areas of qualitative data that was the criterion for completing the interviews with theoretical saturation. Qualitative data was analyzed with a set of open, axial and selective coding and was developed based on the generated codes of the paradigm of sport education. The validity of the results was confirmed by the method of control of the members and the evaluation of the participants in the research. Based on the results of the sport education model, in addition to the causal conditions (Transfer, evaluation, development and progress), the underlying factors (individual, social) and interventional factors (physical and educational infrastructure) also play an important role in sports education, which ultimately have implications such as Improves individual and social skills.

The aim of this study was to identify the requirements for implementation of KM in physical education of the Education Ministry and provide an optimal model.The study was a hybrid analysis and descriptive-analytic.In the qualitative part of the participants, 12 faculty members and educational managers were interviewed to determine the main components of the questionnaire.The statistical sample in the quantitative section includes 403 directors and staff of the Deputy Director of Physical Education and Health of the Ministry of Education at the headquarters and provinces of the country.The research instrument was an interview and a researcher made questionnaire with 24 items.Data analysis was performed by MAXQDA software in the qualitative part of the research and in the quantitative part by SPSS and PLS software.The results showed that the requirements and factors that affect the implementation of KM in physical education of education are: organizational structure, organizational culture, human resources, leadership and management, technical and specialized, and information technologyAnd the model indicators had a suitable and meaningful fit (KMO=0/859 AVE=0/574 GOF=0/555).Finally, it should be acknowledged that the provision of the necessary platform for greater readiness in the implementation of knowledge management in the field of physical education in education can play a vital role in implementing the organization's knowledge management.

This study aims at investigating the strengths and weaknesses of radio sport programs from the viewpoint of sport management specialists and radio programmers. The research method is descriptive-survey conducted by a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of all experts in the field of sport management and radio programmers. 90 individuals were selected as the sample of the study using convenient (available) method. The research questionnaire consisted of three parts: demographic characteristics (7 items), strengths (15 items) and weaknesses (22 items) that were employed after determining the validity and reliability. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the data via SPSS 16 software. The results of the research showed that the most important strengths were the speed of information transmission of radio networks, the number of proper sport experts on the networks, the proper interaction with academic experts and university professors, the quality level of reports and sport analyses. The results also highlighted the weaknesses in the existence of financial constraints for radio networks, the lack of the ability to broadcast some sports, the lack of independent revenues for the development of the sport groups of radio networks, and the lack of strategic marketing programs in sport fields. Radio directors and managers must identify the strengths and weaknesses and take advantage of opportunities and environmental threats to achieve high efficiency and effectiveness.

Regarding the financial problems of women's professional sports, this sector is forced to self-sufficiency and choose different ways of earning money and financing for its development. The presence of fans in the professional competitions is one of the potentia sources of revenue that has been neglected. The purpose of this research is to investigate the psychological factors affecting the creation of loyal behaviors of female professional sports fans with a self-financing approach. The statistical population of the study includes athletes female and coach in the Enghelab stadium. 500 were selected as sample and a researcher-made questionnaire distributed among them, and by structural equations modeling and PLS software, the hypotheses tested. The research findings showed that the psychological factors of team identification and the identity as well as other motivational factors such as escape from daily routine, nationalism and excitement, have an effect on strengthening of loyalty behaviors of ladies professional sport fans, which will lead to their participation in professional competitions and ultimately making money. Also, the moderating role of attitudinal loyalty was examined and confirmed.

All of today's dynamic organizations have selected the Internet as one of the best means of communication with all the individuals and stakeholders. The purpose of this research was to evaluate and cluster the website of the 43 Iranian sports federations based on the Alexa website traffic indicators. The indexes included the number of pages viewed, the average browsing time of the site, the percentage of visitors inside the country, the percentage of visitors from outside the country, the number of links and loading rates. Using hierarchical clustering method, similar federations were grouped together in the form of homogeneous clusters, and eventually three clusters were created. The quality and validity of each of the clusters created by the diagnostic analysis method were confirmed and finally, the characteristics of each of these clusters were analyzed. The basis for cluster analysis was considered to be a comparison of the average of each indicator in each cluster with the average of the same indicator in all the clusters (total data). Since there was no significant difference between the average time of browsing the site and the average number of pages visited among different clusters, these indices were not considered in cluster analysis. The results of the study showed that Iran's sports federations have a poor and unexpected performance in the field of webometrics.

The purpose of this study was to design a structural equation model for knowledge management,organizational readiness the statistical population consists of all employees of the Ministry of Sport,Youth of Tehran The research method is of type,descriptive-correlational,in terms of applied purpose The statistical population consisted of all employees of Tehran's Ministry of Sport,Youth. By simple random sampling,350 individuals were selected as sample.Which were selected by simple random method Data were collected by two questionnaires: Knowledge Management Standard (Hemmati,2010),Cronbach's alpha (0.75),and organizational readiness questionnaire (Ziaee et al.,2011),with Cronbach's alpha (0.78) Whose validity,reliability were endorsed by many professors,experts.Data were analyzed by using binomial test,structural equation modeling through Smart-PLS software. The results showed that organizational readiness has a positive,significant effect on the knowledge management of the staff of the Ministry of Sport,Youth. The Ministry of Sports,Youth has used the high level of organizational readiness of the ministry as a lever for the deployment,development of knowledge management to improve its performance.