نشریه مطالعات قدرت نرم
پیاپی 16 (بهار و تابستان 1396)

In this study, trauma affects of soft power on students and also some resources for coping with it has studied. All students of Payam Noor University of Ahvaz have considered in the academic year 2015. Among The population that had formed, 191 students have selected by multistage random sampling. This paper is a descriptive - exploratory study and to collect data has been used of researcher-made questionnaires. The results showed that the trauma of war on students include trends in cyberspace and follow the Western model (consisting of 9 trauma) and somber and lower self-esteem (consisting of 7 trauma). The elders, governor, military, business executives, religious celebrations, imams, local media and university professors. Respectively the highest and most important coping sources deemed confront the soft war.

The formation of thinking of one-governmental universe in the mind of the rich of England results in nations to be under the control of them, and in this field with respect to the geopolitical significance of the middle east and physical and psychological war, forces of Muslims have reduced. This research deals with interpretation of the goals of enemy by an analytical-descriptive method to awake and protect the unity of Islamic nation. Results indicate that the goals of exploitation include: schism, self-estrangement in confrontation to European developed life, secularism with dissemination of nationalism thought and formation of pessimism subjectivity toward religious symbols. Dissemination of illegal and heterodox sacraments among Muslims, confusion of Shi’ism by superstitions, materialism, and schematic movements that are mentioned “English Shi’a” in Shi’ism, because they affirm schematic and insulting affairs as self-mutilation in mourning ceremonies of imam Hussein (peace be upon him), insulting the caliphs, an6d contempt of Shi’a and Sunnite for each other, celebration of “eid-al-Zahra”, “mohsenieh decade”,…. While according to qur’anic verses, those who accept creed, monotheism, prophecy, and resurrection, they are among Islamic unitary nation, and obliged to observe absolute mercy and unity, and according to documental and textual study, some traditions considered as the license of above-mentioned affairs, are rejected. The innovation of self-mutilation is also confirmed. To clarify the public thoughts, monitoring, investigation and enlightenment of modern behavioral instances emerging from England Shieh is recommended. It is suggested that soft power, believing and behavioral principles of Shieh should be used against this new and emerging phenomenon

Thought and culture, constitute the basis of any human society, and difference between societies returns to differences in thought, attitude and their culture. Indicates healthy society, the idea of the sublime and healthy culture and society sick and decadent symbols are ideas and culture still confused and sick. literally The Basij means "will", "consciousness", "regulations" and Conceptually, is process of Thought – practical. The Basij is process reasonable, rational, free, awareness and based on human nature that is result of his wisdom and prudence. On the institutional aspects of the process organized and surveillance under the leadership of the minded and wise - as Imam Khomeini. The main essence of Basij, is thought and culture of Basij. Though of Basij is also product free human reason that its entirety is not group or class ideology but is ideology of humans mankind. The result of thought, attitude and ideology of basij, is culture of basij and a system of ideas and meanings and the relationship between them and their relation to behavior patterns "Basij’s human". In such a communication significant system, became values and sanctity all actions and behaviors. This cultural system that enjoyed of essence of intellectual-religious, coordinate with human nature.

The most important issues in recent decades, are the new version of power that is called soft power which has made great changes in power, its elements, components and application. Although its modern and current literature has been theorized by the western thinkers like J. Nye, yet the victory of Imam Khomeini’s revolution was shaped by using the social and cultural elements that today are recognized as soft power. One of these elements is the concept that is called social capital which Imam Khomeini has been used as the bridge to the victory of revolution through precise and correct explanation, application and also comprehensive knowledge of public opinion culture and characteristics. This paper is aimed to focus on the concept of social capital with an emphasis on Imam Khomeini’s thoughts specially social and political thoughts. At first, his thoughts witch are based on social capital including elements, components, and importance for a constructing an Islamic society is explained and then the historical role of the people and continuity of its qualitative as well as quantitative presence is discussed, as this role has contributed in producing and reproducing social capital towards identity and cultural authority of the country. This social capital is shaped gradually by individual and collective measures, and its roots could be recognized in a historical process by making rational network, a sense of confidence, intersubjective understanding and public participation with the aim of internal cohesion of society. It should be considered that in the last century of Iranian history, there are different discontinuities and ruptures which have prevented the synergy and the accumulation of social capital. This paper is to answer this question that what is the status of social capital in Imam Khomeini’s thoughts? And how Imam Khomeini has tried to build an identity construct of Islamic system by using the social identity of people?

Nowadays, with the advent of technological developments and different communications methods, there is no need to direct methods of coercion, repression and suppression anymore. Over the years, after the years of transition from classical methods of exercising power and loss of legitimacy of direct exercising power, governments tried to adopt different and efficient strategies. This efficiency also depends on the amounts of the expected achievements. The current strategy of governments is based on soft power and using this form of power has a greater range. Sometimes this power takes extra-territorial form and international relations.This study seeks to find an answer to the question how could Russia incorporate Crimean Peninsula to Russian Federation without the slightest conflict? How much Russia’s new military doctrine has been effective? The method of present research is library research and uses original sources about soft power and Russian military doctrine by which the analysis of the events surrounding the incorporation of Crimean to Russia’s territory becomes possible. The necessity and importance of this research originate from the fact that stability of governments is based on the concept of “border” and modern tools in the field of soft power can threaten global security and order. Results of this study show that according to the UN charter and existing procedures, any direct or indirect intervention of states in internal affairs of other states is strongly prohibited. Instruments of soft power which intervene the internal affairs of countries are also the examples of these prohibited tools because the absolute sovereignty of governments on citizens in internal dimension and freedom of action in external relations is the exclusive right of governments.

Politico-social role of religious authority and especially Shiite scientists, in the history of Islamic societies has always been prominent and determinative. This role is illustrated in the historical scene of Islamic and especially Shiite societies, in a task-oriented status and for the protection of political, economic and cultural independence of Islamic societies and resistance in front of the foreigner's greed. Shiite authority, having the instrument of Ijtihad in the two aspects of Judgment and sentence, as the two important components of power, not only breaks the grandeur of colonialism and arrogance and cuts their interference in the internal affairs of other countries, but also carries an explicit message to human societies, putting stress on the establishment of justice and divine teachings, the right of freedom integrated with human responsibility in front of God, fighting all exponents of ruin and corruption that weaken the status of peace and security, paying attention to multi-directional rights of man's children from any race and religion, negation of foreign arrogance in political, economic and social areas, the right of defense to the assault, supporting the world's Moslems and oppressed, and etc.In the present paper, the status of religious authority as one of the important sources of power in Islamic Fiqh system and its two important components which are themselves sources of power, are investigated. The especial approach in this jurisprudent study is these status and components.

Iranian Islamic art is considered as one of the most valuable cultural factors to reach the goals of the Islamic republic of Iran in different fields, but the question is whether this art is serving the goals of the Islamic revolution or is apathetic or even against those goals? Although after Islamic revolution so many valuable artworks in different artistic and cultural field are produced, there are still doubts about passing the desired Iranian and Islamic indicators in this period. Therefore, a boundary should be defined among the Iranian-Islamic and Iranian-non Islamic and sometimes Anti-Islamic work in order to be able to clarify the work in at least macro policy making. What is the correct method to categorize and differentiation between the artistic and cultural Islamic-Iranian work and other work? This study tries to extract and define some major indicators to determine the boundaries and standards for assessing the Islamic-Iranian artworks such as media and dramatic works, visual arts and traditional arts. Its method is inspired by the Islamic teachings and is based on the ideas of the current Islamic scholars and experts in the field of art and its approach is the correction and improvement of the indicators. In conclusion, the features of three factors “artist”, “message” and “configuration” (which are the three main factors of creation of an artwork) are defined and studied as the main and major indicators in assessing the Islamic-Iranian arts.

Law as other sciences, have recognized globalization. In recent decades according to law spreading and international organization, countries tend to use soft power. The Islamic Republic of Iran acknowledging soft power in bilateral dependency, use required accessories. Annexing to international organizations with variety in target not only describe soft power but also extend scientific and cultural infiltration. this essay annexing I.R. Iran to Hague international private law conference as a tool for inserting soft power will be studied. Findings from references such as books, encyclopedias, dictionaries, magazines, Weeklies, monthlies and quarterlies in this scope show that government transfer some pervious authorities to these organizations. The government receives new authorities because of his membership and as well membership of his nationals; By means of relying on annexing could interfere to other governments national affairs. In addition whenever government want to share some authorities with other governments in framework of international commitments. Thus government ignores some benefits against other benefits. This paper was done by library method. Present research data were investigated and analyzed with qualitative and rationally.

Intelligence agencies by providing unique and timely information to policy makers (politicians) through data and information from overt and covert sources participate in the governance and management affairs. In this article antecedents of politicization or the politicization of the substrates is studied. There is essential information for policy formulation, (policy) efficient or strategic. Since it is based on a comprehensive assessment, information is considered as power, so it can be accessed actors in the field of power, privilege and mastery in their victory over the other competitors to be considered.The main questions that the authors seek to answer it by relying on the field research by theory grounded and by using of in-depth interviews and secondary sources are the "antecedents (substrates occurrence) politicization of intelligence, what is?" Before responding to this question, it is necessary and important that the authors respond that essentially "politicization information What does it mean and what is its meaning?"

Lifestyle, something that social scientists have noticed over the past decades. However, definitions and approaches concerning lifestyle is different, can be found in common places where intellectuals are more accepting. Style of life, in every society, can be done with various motives, with the advancement of communication, societies have undergone many changes. Mass media such as TV, radio, Internet, satellite, etc. have occupied a place in society that increasingly place both nationally and internationally Mtrhshdhand. Since the flow through the mass media cultures, different forms of life developed. In this respect, the lifestyle media and public preferences influence in the community. The aim of this study is that the impact of the media on lifestyle changes to show the villagers. This research study of 380 villagers in the central city is Zehak. The results show a significant association between the use of media and lifestyle changes in the study area is rural.