Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:6 Issue: 4, 2017

Bone marrow (BM) has been regarded as the primarily source of hematopoietic stem cells for many years. Recent researches have shown BM contains not only hematopoietic but also heterogeneous non-hematopoietic stem cells. Till now, similar or overlapping isolation strategies of primitive non-hematopoietic stem cells in BM were named by different investigators and hence were assigned different names (e.g. mesenchymal stem cells, or multipotent adult progenitor cells) from alternative sources and different animal species. The differentiation potential of these cells to mesenchymal lineages has generated a great deal of interest in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Murine Mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) are appropriate models for preclinical investigations on human cell therapies. The isolation of BM-derived mMSCs is discussed as an unresolved issue in mesenchymal stem cells researches. The objective of the present review is the description of multiple methodological approaches to isolate mMSCs.

Teratology is a branch of embryology science that studies causes, mechanisms and abnormal pattern development. Embryo growth traumatic factors during pregnancy are called teratogens that some teratogens pass the placental barrier and cause adverse effect during development stages and malformation, however a drug may improve general health of the mother, but it might be poisonous for embryo and cause diverse malformation. Since study of embryo health and risk factor in this stage is important, the aim of this review article was the investigation of some types of teratosgens (such as radiation, infectious agents, heat disorders, maternal conditions) and particularly the effect of teratogenic drugs on embryo including some legal drugs (such as acetaminophen, thalidomide, acyclovir, sedatives and anticonvulsants) and illegal drugs (such as nicotine, alcohol, cocaine and marijuana).
In general, teratogens depending on the type and duration of exposure in pregnancyperiod, adversely affect embryo and cause various disorders. A better understanding of these teratogens can contribute to prevent these defects, since many other drugs with similar effects and lower teratogenicity can be used to improve mothers’ health.

Retinoids are important molecules that regulate crucial processes of development in all vertebrates. In this article, we study the effect of retinoic acid on testis development.
A group of newborn NMRI mice was chosen to receive intraperitoneally injections of 25 mg/Kg.b.w of retinoic acid and the control group had no injection. After 21 days, the male animals were isolated and sacrificed in 60 days postpartum, and testes were removed from their bodies. Apparent characteristics of the testes of seven mice from each group were observed. In the light microscopic study, these epithelial cells of the tubules were counted and the diameter of seminiferous tubules were measured with statistical T-test analysis and were compared with control group.
The findings showed that the weight of the testes in animals that were affected by retinoic acid did not change significantly compared to control group. In germ epithelium of testis, the thickness of the epithelium and the number of the spermatogonia, round and elongated spermatids has decreased significantly compared to the control group (P According to the findings of this article, using the retinoic acid after birth has influence on testis development and its seminiferous tubules epithelium. Retinoic acid has an adverse effect on the cell divisions in seminiferous epithelium, therefore the number of affected germ cells decrease. Therefore, the use of vitamin A and its synthetic derivatives like retinoic acid for pregnant women should be done with caution.

Infection control in dental centers is affected by the persons’ attitude and knowledge about mechanisms of infection transmission. This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge and the attitude of Shiraz dentists about infection control during intraoral radiographies preparation.
In this cross-sectional, and analytical research, the attitude and the knowledge of 45 male and 25 female, randomly selected dentists, were obtained through completion of a researcher- planed questioner which its validity and reliability had been confirmed. Data were analyzed using Cronbach`s alpha, one-way ANOVA, student’s t-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient in SPSS (V.21).
The average of the dentists’ age was 40.59±10.72 and their average occupational experience was 13.49±9.75 years. The mean score obtained for knowledge about infection control during intraoral radiographic procedures was less than fifty percent of total obtainable score, and was assessed as weak knowledge. There was no significant difference in the level of knowledge between studied male and female dentists (P>0.05). In addition, no significant relationship was detected between level, age/experience, and the university of education (P>0.05). The attitude of the dentists about infection control during intraoral radiography preparation assessed as moderate to good level.
The results showed that the main reason for the present problems is insufficient knowledge of the dentists in related subjects. Therefore, the solution, which is recommended among dentists, is to raise their awareness and to change their attitudes and culture in order to improve their performance.

Acute cyanide poisoning happens intentionally as suicide attempt or in accidental use. Interpretation of cyanide analysis results in postmortem samples is important in forensic medicine.
Material & In this case-control study, the liver and the lung of 100 autopsy cases were collected during six months in Shiraz Forensic Medicine Department. Samples were divided into three parts and were examined as follow: one part of the liver and the lung was analyzed qualitatively to detect cyanide with Prussian blue test at first day of admission, the second and the third parts of the samples were stored at 0-4°C for one and two months, respectively. Then, liver and lung samples were analyzed to measure the amount of cyanide.
Cyanide was detected in only six cases in all three parts of the liver samples. Screening results for cyanide were negative for the remaining 94 liver samples.
Endogenous cyanide production was not detected in liver and lung samples in this study. Therefore, cyanide detection was not affected by the time of the storage of the samples. The cyanide level changes in mentioned tissues were not significant. More importantly, our results would be more advantageous if we studied quantitatively on more samples to pave the way for future studies.

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of infertility due to anovulation in women. One of the treatments of this syndrome is using Insulin sensitive drugs. The main objective of this project is to analyze the effect of Repaglinide on the histomorphology of polycystic ovary.
In this study, PCOS is induced by the injection of Testosterone Enanthate in immature mice aged five to seven weeks old for four weeks. Then, the mice were divided in to two groups of control and case. The control group had no injection. In the case group, each mouse received 30 µgr Repaglinide. Body weight, the ratio of ovary weight to body weight, and ovarian diameter were measured and the changes in histomorphology of the ovary, characteristics of ovarian tissue, and the number of follicles were investigated. T- Test was used in this study (T-test, P£0.05. (
The result revealed that Repaglinide had a reducing effect on body weight, the ratio of ovary weight to body weight, and the diameter of ovary (P£0.05). Repaglinide also caused a decrease in Tunica albuginea changes, hyperthecosis, the number of degenerated oocyte, granolusa cell, picnosis and hyper vascularization. The average of primordial, primary, pre-antral, cystic, and atretic follicles are significantly decreased in the case group compared to the control group (P£0.05).
Repaglinide can compensate the PCOS ovarian damages. Further studies are recommended in this field.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Because of common structural and secretory antigens between pathogen and nonpathogenic mycobacterium, the specific diagnosis of TB is difficult. Therefore, it is very important to find a new method with high specificity and sensitivity for accurate and rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis. In this study, the serodiagnostic potential of Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant ESAT-6 in TB infected patients was evaluated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
55 TB patients with active disease and 28 healthy controls have been collected and evaluated in different dilutions in ELISA methods for the presence of specific anti-ESAT-6 antibody. The specificity and the sensitivity of this method was compared with the culture test.
TB patients have high levels of specific antibody against ESAT-6 antigens. The specificity and the sensitivity of this method was calculated as 80.90% and 85.45%, respectively.
These findings provide useful information on the importance of ESAT-6 protein and suggested this serologic test as a good alternative method for rapid and prefect diagnosis of tuberculosis.

The research objective was to investigate the prevalence of infertility in renal transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive agents and compare the impact of tacrolimus (target of Rapamycin inhibitors (TOR-I)) and Cyclosporine on spermogram parameters after the transplantation.
Material & In this prospective study, from March 2013 to March 2014, all male patient who underwent renal transplantation and were treated with Tacrolimus or Cyclosporine, were included. Patients’ spermogram was analyzed in terms of sperm count and motility.
Average sperm count in patients receiving cyclosporine and tacrolimus before the transplantation was 1.73 × 106 and 2.08 × 106 and after the transplantation was 1.2 × 106 and 1.22 × 106, respectively (P=0.008)(P=0.002). Average percentage of the motile sperms of patients treated with Cyclosporine, before the transplantation and start of immunosuppressive course was 45.10%, which decreased to 40.50% at the end of the course. The analysis indicated a significant reduction in sperm motility (P=0.001). Average percentage of the motile sperms of patients receiving Tacrolimus, before the transplantation and start of treatment was 46% that decreased to 38% after the transplantation. This finding presents the significantly reduced sperm motility (P=0.002). Finally, the effective sperm motility in patients treated with Cyclosporine was significantly higher than patients treated with Tacrolimus.
Tacrolimus reduces sperms’ motility in renal transplant patients significantly higher than Cyclosporine.

Administration of anesthetic substances to chickens requires careful consideration for the safe delivery of the agent to the bird. The research objective was to evaluate several drug combinations for intramuscular anesthesia in chickens for physiologic, nutritional, pharmacological and other investigations.
Meterial & Sixty healthy chickens were randomly assigned in six treatment groups and received Ketamine in combination with Xylazine, Midazolam or Acepromazine. Heart and respiratory rate, induction time, duration of surgical anesthesia and light anesthesia were measured.
Induction of anesthesia was significantly longer following Acepromazine- Ketamine and Midazolam- Ketamine compared to other groups (P In conclusion, the most effective drug combinations resulting in longer duration of surgical anesthesia, were Xylazine- Acepromazine- Ketamine and Xylazine- Midazolam- Ketamine. Other combinations did not produce appropriate surgical anesthesia, but they make slight changes in physiological data.

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria causes many different diseases by secretion of various enterotoxins. Therefore, it is necessary to develop ways that facilitate the detection of enterotoxins. Nowadays, immunochemical methods which are based on monoclonal antibody technology are used. The heavy chain antibodies that are called VHH or Nano body were found in blood serum of the Camelidae family. The unique properties of this antibody such as their binding to small molecules like toxins make them attractive candidates for the development of immunodiagnostic tests. The present study was done to achieve a VHH molecules against Staphylococcus enterotoxin B.
Freighting phage library for isolate private Nano bodies against enterotoxin B was done in previous works. Next, pCANTAB 5E vector that consists VHH, extracted from E.coli bacteria strain xl1blue, and after doing PCR process with relative primers, sub cloning in pET21a() as an expression vector with cut sites NdeI and XhoI was done. Transformation in E.coli bacteria strain BL21(DE3) was done. Then, the cells effected with IPTG and producing time, and other terms were optimized. Finally, the expression of the protein with SDS-PAGE and western blot techniques was evaluated.
For proving cloning of nano body gene in pET21a () vector, nucleotide sequence of gene was analyzed, and transforming to E.coli bacteria strain BL21(DE3) was successful. After inspiration, active protein in cell was seen by SDS-PAGE technique and proved by western blot.
cloning, sub cloning, and nonabody expression were surveyed in this research. Production of this protein can help to develop new therapeutic methods and produce vaccine against enterotoxin B of Staphylococcus aureus

This study tries to explain the role of mediator between personality characteristics and coping styles is resiliency.
Material & The study population consisted of all patients is a member of the MS Society of Shiraz who were selected by convenience sampling. 3 tests were used to collect data: Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, NEO Five-Factor personality inventory questionnaire Folkman and Lazarus coping strategies. Analysis of data obtained using SPSS (version 21) software and using Pearson correlation and regression analysis was performed.
High neuroticism in MS patients reduce resiliency (r=-0.279). Also people with MS deal with emotional problems just behave. Emotional coping style (p=0.023 & b=0.429) and the personality trait of neuroticism (p=0.046 & b=0.388) are able to predict Resiliency.
Based on these findings, in addition to informing the people affected by psychological training, effective in reducing neuroticism, anxiety and consequently raise the level of resiliency.

Major depression and obsessive - compulsive disorders have some comorbidities. The objective of this study is to compare perfectionism and its components in patients with depression, obsessive - compulsive disorders and normal individuals.
The current study was conducted in cross-sectional context. The study population included all patients who referred to the clinics, psychiatric centers and counseling centers in the city of Tabriz. The sample was divided into three groups, one group of 30 with a diagnosis of obsessive - compulsive disorders, another group of 30 with a diagnosis of major depression disorder, and the other 30 were normal. Participants answered to Hill perfectionism questionnaire. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of variance was used.
The results showed that the mean scores of perfectionism and its positive- negative dimensions were higher in patients with obsessive - compulsive and depression disorders, in comparison with normal individuals. Also no significant differences in perfectionism and its positive- negative dimensions scores was observed between people with these two mentioned disorders.
The perfectionism components are common component in obsessive - compulsive and major depression disorders.

It is well established that High-intensity Interval Training (HIT) may represent a time-efficient strategy to induce adaptations normally associated with endurance training. However, the effect of exercise on lung mitochondrial changes is not well understood.The purpose of the present study is to determine the effects of HIT on NRF-1 and PGC-1α genes at mRNA level in rat lung tissue.
Twenty Wistar male rats (4 weeks old, 68±9 g weight) were randomly assigned to 6-week training, 9-week training, 6-week control and 9-week control groups. High-intensity interval training program was started with 25 m/min and gradually reached to 70 m/min at the end of the ninth week. Following tissue sampling, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, and the expressions of genes were determined by real time RT-PCR technique.
NRF-1 and PGC-1α genes expression were increased following interval training. The expression of NRF-1 and PGC-1α between 9-week training and 9-week control groups was significantly different (P≤0.05).
According to the current study, it seems that intense interval training can cause changes in the mitochondrial content and the possibly of mitochondrial biogenesis in lung tissue.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Hypericum have long been considered. Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a form of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). In this study, the effects of Hypericum perforatum on histopathological changes and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) level of colonic tissue in rats with induced UC were evaluated.
70 rats were divided into seven equal groups. Colitis was induced by acetic acid.. Groups I and II received 1 mL of 600 and 300 mg/kg H. perforatum extract orally per day respectively; groups III and IV received 1 mL of 20% and 10% intra-colonic gel form of H. perforatum extract daily respectively; group V, as positive control, received 1 mL of intra-colonic Asacol; group VI received 1 mL of normal saline as negative control; group VII received just intra-colonic gel base. All the animals were evaluated for histological changes and tissue MDA level of colon seven days after the treatment.
H. perforatum extract in the two forms of trans-rectal and oral administration could result in a more healing effect on acetic acid-induced damaged colonic tissue with a reduction in the MDA activity. In trans-rectal administration, the 20% gel had a better healing response than the 10% gel. In oral administration, the 600 mg/kg dosage had a better healing response than the 300 mg/kg.
Therefor, H. perforatum can be considered as a treatment of choice for UC especially in trans-rectal gel form.

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder which if not controlled; it can cause a decrease in patient’s quality of life. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of educational intervention of self-care behaviors on quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This clinical trial study was conducted in 2015 on 90 patients with Type II diabetes in the city Chalderan. Patients were stratified randomization to intervention and control groups. Data was collected using standardized questionnaires in two phases before and 3 month after the educational. To analyze the data was used descriptive statistics and paired t and independent t tests in level of p Mean and standard deviation age of the patients was 46.3 ± 9.5. The results showed that the mean (SD) score of knowledge, attitudes and self-care behaviors significantly has increased in intervention group, but changes was not significant in the control group. Also, the educational intervention had a significant effect in improving the quality of life in all its dimensions compared to the control group had (p The findings of current study showed that educational intervention has been improved self-care behaviors in patients with type II diabetes. Also the results showed that by training self-care behaviors can be improved quality of life.

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in pigment synthesis.Overproduction of melanin in parts of the skin results in hyperpigmentation diseases. Thus, its inhibitors are highly important in the medical, cosmetic and agricultural fields. The aim of this research is the bioinformatical study of tyrosinase inhibition by a number of hydroxy nitrodiphenyl ether derivatives.
Material & This is a descriptive-analytic study. In order to investigate the mode of interaction of the compounds with tyrosinase active site, the chemical structures of all compounds were designed using ChemDraw program, then transferred into Hyperchem software for energy minimization. Docking study was performed by AutoDock 4.2 program and the resulting docking poses were analyzed in AutoDockTools, DS Visualizer 3.5 and Ligplot software.
Among the all studied compounds, the best docking results were related to 4-Hydroxy- 2'-nitrodiphenyl etherdisplayed. In fact, this compound had the most negative ΔGbind (-12.79 Kcal/mol) that indicated favorable interactions with the key amino acid residues at active site of tyrosinase. Docking results for this compound are in accordance with those of co-crystallized ligand (tropolone). In this compound, the oxygen of nitro group has an efficient metal-ligand interaction with the Cu2 ions in the active site.
Finally, in respect to high effectiveness and docking results, we can conclude that the compound 4-Hydroxy- 2'-nitrodiphenyl ether may be regarded as an effective anti-tyrosinase inhibitor.