Journal of Advanced Biomedical Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 2, 2018

Benzene, as a carcinogenic compound, can damage DNA by producing free oxygen radicals. Benzene effects have been reported in the blood system. It seems that XRCC1 gene, as a gene involved in the repair of damaged bases, plays a role in the sensitivity of individuals to benzene. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between rs25487 polymorphism in XRCC1 gene and the susceptibility of chemical industry workers against benzene.
Material & In this case-control study, 60 cases and 60 controls who were exposed to benzene for 2 consecutive years were examined. People who did not have any changes in blood parameters were selected as the control group and those who have shown lymphocytes outside the normal range were considered as a case group. Blood samples were collected from chemical workers. Gene polymorphism was determined by RFLP-PCR using MSP1enzym.
There was no significant difference between allelic frequencies A and G (P >0.05). No significant association was found between XRCC1 polymorphism and benzene susceptibility and lymphocytic abnormalities (OR: 1.43, 95% CI (0.47 - 4.31), P = 0.52).
It seems that rs25487 polymorphism in the XRCC1 gene does not play a role in the sensitivity of individuals to benzene. Of course, due to the role of XRCC1 gene in response to DNA damage, other polymorphisms of this gene and polymorphism that are targeted in this study are evaluated at a wider level.

Lilium ledebourii (Baker) Boiss, is the only national and natural heritage of Iran, which grows in mountainous regions of Hyrcanian forests with limited distribution that many ecological, ornamental and medicinal aspects of this plant has not been studied yet.
Material & Ethanolic extract was prepared by maceration method. Then, total phenol and total flavonoids of ethanolic extracts were respectively performed by the Folin- Ciocalteu and AlCl3 method. Antioxidant activity was measured by scavenging free radicals of DPPH. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Duncan Test to compare the means.
The total phenols of Lily shoots was between 59/6 ± 65/43 and 21/9 ± 14/66 and its antioxidant activity was between 51 to 90 percent at four habitats, The highest and lowest amount of total phenols and antioxidant activity of Lily shoots obtained from Kelardasht (maximum altitude) and Rostam Abad (minimum altitude). The total flavonoid were reported between 91/7 ± 41/33 mg GAE g-1 and 21/1 ± 72/43 mg QUE g-1. The highest and lowest content of Total flavonoid were respectively observed in Asalem and Namin.
The results showed that the antioxidant capacity of Lily is relatively high compared to other medicinal plants, also antioxidant activity of the Lily extract is variable in different sites and significantly affected by habitat altitude.

Background and Objective Sodium butyrate (NaBu), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is an anticancer drug for multiple cancers. The objective of this research is to study the anticancer effects of sodium butyrate on colon cancer Caco2 cell lines.
Material & Methods Caco-2 cell lines were cultured and then treated with various concentrations of NaBu (from 3.125mM to 200mM). After 24h, 48h and 72h incubation, the cytotoxicity was measured by XTT assay. The statistical significance of difference analyzed by one-way ANOVA/Tukey test. Also, in this research, the morphologic changes are considered by invert microscopy.
Results The results showed that NaBu inhibited the growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. XTT assays showed that treatment with NaBu at high concen­trations significantly inhibited the growth of Caco2 cells. After 24, 48 and 72h, IC50 for Caco2 cells were 105, 100 and 43 mM respectively. Results confirmed the anti-proliferative effect of Sodium butyrate on this cell lines. The results of morphological studies indicated that sodium butyrate has a growth inhibitory effect on IC50 concentration and it can arrest the cell cycle.
Conclusion These results demonstrate that butyrate inhibited the growth of colorectal cancer cells. It caused probably cell death via the induction of apoptosis. These findings may open interesting perspectives in human colorectal cancer treatment strategy.

The use of herbal medicine rapidly increased because in comparison with chemical drugs they have less harmful health effects. Since some pregnant women due to have joint and muscle pains may be taken administration of Elaeagnus angustifolia by their own or physicians and the use of Elaeagnus angustifolia may have adverse effects on their fetuses development. This study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia on histomorphometric changes of the hippocampus of mouse fetuses.
Material & : Twenty-one pregnant mice were randomly divided into three groups. The control group received sufficient amount of drinking water, the sham group received 20 ml of water (solvent of Elaeagnus angustifolia) daily and the experimental group received aqueous Elaeagnus angustifolia extract at dose of 500 mg / kg daily from 0 to 20 days of gestation. Pregnant mice were killed on the 20th day of pregnancy and the fetuses were removed and examined for external congenital malfomations. Fetal body weights and crown-to-rump lengths were measured. The head of fetuses were fixed and processed and were then embedded and their heads were coronally sectioned and were then stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Finally the hippocampus of fetal brain were examined using a light microscope and the Motic software. Finally, the thickness and cell number of radial, stratum oriens, molecular and ventricular hippocampus were evaluated using ligth microscopy and Motic software.
Mean fetal weight and CRL of fetuses and mean thickness of ventricular layer in CA1 and CA2 significantly increased in experimental group compared to control and sham groups. The mean thickness of radiatum layer of CA3 significantly decreased in experimental group compared to control and sham groups. Additionally, mean number of cells in ventricular layer of CA1 significantly increased in experimental group compared to control and sham groups.
Administration of aqueous extract of Elaeagnus angustifolia to pregnant mice can cause changes in fetal development and cause some changes in the hippocampal formation CA1 and CA3 neuronal layer in the mouse embryo.

Adiponectin hormone is thought to be a component of obesity hormones and is a contributing factor in breast cancer, which increases the genetic variation of this effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between C11377G polymorphism of adiponectin gene and BMI with the risk of breast cancer.

Material & Methods:

For this study, 128 patients with breast cancer and 128 healthy subjects were blood sampled. After the extraction of DNA by salting out method, the specimens were amplified with specific primers. After the PCR products were evaluated, some parts were utilized for determining the genotype of individuals by using the PCR-RFLP technique. At the end of the study, the results were analyzed by SPSS-23 software and Chi-square statistical analysis.

The G allele frequency was 0.28 in the cancer group and 0.27 in the control group. There was no statistically significant association between the two groups for this polymorphism. By studying the relationship between this gene variation and other variables, it was found that C11377G polymorphism had a significant correlation with body mass index (p value=0.038, OR: 1.766, CI95%: 1.030-3.028) and smoking (p value=0.029. OR: 1.979, CI95%: 0.893-4.388).

The C11377G polymorphism of Adiponectin did not show a significant relationship and risk of breast cancer. However, body mass index showed a significant relationship with breast cancer. Also, people who carry this genetic change and high body mass index or smokers were prone to breast cancer.

Schizophrenia is one of the most fundamental challenges related to mental health. Linguistic disorganization and dysregulation are considered the main symptoms of schizophrenia diagnosis. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anticipatory effect of alexithymia and emotional-dysregulation disorder on language disorders in schizophrenic patients.
Material & This is a descriptive and analytic study in cross-sectional correlation method. Sample groups are from 81 patients who were selected using purposive sampling method. They are all psychotic patients that were hospitalized at the Razi psychiatric hospital of Tehran, and they are educated as high as high-school diploma in 2016. Participants completed the following questionnaires: Toronto Alexithymia-Scale (TAS-20), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation-Scale (DERS) and the Farsi Aphasia-Test (Nilipoor). The collected data were analyzed using inferential statistics of regression analyzing data, multivariate analysis of variance and Pearson correlation coefficient through SPSS-22.
Results showed that the variable of alexithymia had a stronger anticipatory role in language impairments than the variable of emotional regulation among schizophrenic patients (P Results of this study showed that alexithymia and emotional dysregulation disorder could be important psychological factors for predicting schizophrenia.

Epigenetic changes are one of the most common changes in development of cancers. These changes alter the expression of certain genes that play important roles in the etiology of cancer. Increasing the expression of Vimentin gene due to epigenetic changes in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition(EMT) in breast carcinoma is well known. The relation between EMT and the malignancy invasion process has also been confirmed. Vimentin is the principal EMT marker that performs this task during metastasis. The purpose of this study is to investigate the methylation of the vitamin gene in a specific position.
Material & In this case-control study, the methylation pattern of the promoter of the Vimentin gene was evaluated in a specific site. Blood samples were taken from 30 breast cancer patients and 30 healthy individuals. DNA samples were digested with the methylation sensitive restriction enzyme. Control and treated DNA was amplified by PCR for qualitative investigation and real time PCR for quantitative analysis of methylation.
Using the Ct value and the%Me=100(e-0.7(ΔCt)) formula, the correlation between Vimentin hypomethylation and expression of Estrogen Receptor(ER), Progesterone Receptor(PR) and Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor2(HER2) status was checked (p-value The results indicate that hypomethylated promoter of the Vim gene in the examined site correlates with ER, but does not have any correlation with PR and Her2, and hence the hypomethylation of the Vimentin gene in this position can be proposed as a molecular biomarker.

Considering the importance of cesarean section and its effect on maternal and neonatal health, we studied the effect of health system on cesarean section indications before and after the Implementation of Health Sector Evolution plan in Hazrat-e-Valiasr Hospital of Fasa.
Material & The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study of retrospective type. Cesarean indications are based on the checklists of the treatment vice-chancellor which includes: previous cesarean sections, fetal abnormal presentation, fetal distress, cephalopelvic disproportion, failure to progress, twin pregnancy, postdate pregnancy, placenta previa, placenta abruption and other causes. Sample volume comprised all pregnant women referring to Hazrat-e-Valiasr Hospital of Fasa. This study investigated cases of pregnant mothers within one year before and one year after the Implementation of Health Sector Evolution Plan (May 5, 2014).
According to the findings of this study, the Implementation of Health Sector Evolution Plan caused a significant reduction in the rate of cesarean section (p value = 0.024). Some of indications such as previous cesarean section, Failure to progress and Placenta Abruption increased (p Based on the findings of this study, it can be stated that the Implementation of Health Sector Evolution plan caused a comparative reduction in the rate of cesarean section and an increase in normal delivery.

Cyclophosphamide is an extensively used chemotherapeutic agent against wide varieties of neoplastic ailments, which has been known to cause ovarian damages and infertility in mammals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Spirulina platensis on in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo development in adult mice exposed to Cyclophosphamide.
Material & 40 adult female mice were divided into 8 groups each comprised 5 animals. The first group was considered as control. The groups 2, 3 and 4 were exposed to Spirulina at rates of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg respectively through oral route, daily for 28 days. The 5th group receive cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg, ip) in a single-dose. Groups 6, 7 and 8 received cyclophosphamide and Spirulina together with aforementioned doses. In vitro fertilization and embryo development were assessed in all groups at the end of experiment.
The groups which received Spirulina at rates of 200, 400 mg/kg beside cyclophosphamide in comparison to group which received merely cyclophosphamide, the number of oocytes, percentages of fertilization, two-cell embryos, blastocysts and hatched embryos were reduced significantly (p According to the results of this study, spirulina encourages protective effects on cyclophosphamide induced reprotoxicity on In Vitro Fertilization approach.

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by increased levels of glucose. Ginseng has been used to control the diabetes for many years ago. This study investigated the effect of Panax ginseng extract on histomorphometric changes on brachial plexus region of spinal cord in 20 days fetuses of diabetic rats.
Material & 16 rats were divided into four groups: non-diabetic control, non-diabetic recipient of the extract, diabetic control and diabetic recipient of the extract. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin in diabetic groups and all groups became pregnant. During pregnancy, recipient of the extract groups received ginseng extract every day. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the mothers were anesthetized, and the fetuses were obtained. Brachial region of the spinal cord with vertebral column separated after using the techniques of histology, some histological factors were measured. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software and ANOVA and Duncan statistical tests (P≤0.05).
A significant difference was observed in the transverse and vertical diameter of central canal of the spinal cord in brachial plexus region of fetuses in diabetic control group than non-diabetic groups (P≤0.05). A significant reduction was observed in height of ependymal cells and cell count of gray matter of spinal cord in diabetic control group than other groups (P≤0.05).
Extract of Panax ginseng can control hyperglycemia and manage diabetes on spinal cord in fetuses of mothers with gestational diabetes by increasing β-cells stimulation and increasing insulin production.

The investigation of the antibacterial activity of nanomaterials has regained importance due to increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Inorganic antibacterial materials have several advantages over traditionally used organic agents; like chemical stability, thermal resistance, safety to the user, long lasting action period, etc. In this research, antibacterial properties of graphene - zinc oxide nanoparticles nanocomposite was evaluated for gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria.
Material & The current study demonstrates homogenous decorating of zinc oxide nanoparticles (NPs) onto graphene oxide (GO) surface via simple chemical method.
Disk diffusion method and MIC were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles on S. aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to standard commercial antibiotic disks.
XRD results revealed diffraction peaks for each of the two compounds in the nanocomposite. The XRD studies showed that the synthesized ZnO NPs have hexagonal wurtzite structure. It was found that GO addition induces a decrease in crystallite size. Average size of the ZnO NPs was estimated by transmission electron microscopy around 20 nm. ZnO nanoparticles showed bactericidal effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The improved antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles compared to its microparticles was related to the surface area enhancement in the nanoparticles.
The novel nanocomposite exhibits excellent antibacterial activity against gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria.

Due to The limitation of research literature, related to the effect of exercise training with different intensity, Along with Hypoxia Stress on Pulmonary Apoptosis, The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia and taper on expression of Bax and Bcl2 apoptotic proteins of lung.
In this experimental study Twenty-four rats (4-week old, 72±8 gr) were divided accidentally to control and training groups. The samples after 6 weeks anaerobic exercise training, were exposed to Environment hypoxia and lived three weeks over there. Another group Concurrent with exposure to hypoxic environment, implementation Taper (30% reduction in exercise intensity) technique. In lung tissue, the expression of Bax and Bcl2 was studied by the immunohistochemical methods. One-way Anova was performed to analyze data. P≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Expression of Bcl2 protein in trained rats and exposed to hypoxic stress was increased And reduced after a 3-week use of the taper(P>0.05). Expression of Bax protein in trained rats and exposed to hypoxic stress was increased (P≤0.05), and reduced after a 3-week use of the taper (P>0.05).
It seems that, Medium hypoxia is able to apply Apoptotic effects in lung of rats that underwent intensive exercise and likely the use of intensity taper reduces these effects.

Consequences of radioisotope Iodine-131 therapy on tissues, organs, and blood parameters is a major concern in patients suffering from thyroid abnormalities that were treated with this classical treatment. Thus the aim of the present study is to assess the variations in the content of calcium, vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, and cortisol in patients treated with radioiodine.
Material & In two different stages, the first step before and then 48 hours after oral administration with radioactive iodine, venous blood from 132 cancerous thyroid female patients was analyzed. There was at least a two-month time gap between their thyroid surgery and the initiation of radioiodine therapy and it was the first time that patients were admitted for treatment with radioactive iodine. In this 48-hour period variations in calcium, vitamin D3, parathyroid hormone, and cortisol of the blood serum was measured. Each patient was compared to herself; however, the comparison of the entire community was also taken into considerations using statistical methods.
The results showed a significant decrease in levels of vitamin D3; after treatment with Iodine-131. Parathyroid hormone was also significantly reduced after 131I uptake; however, calcium levels remained almost unchanged. On the other hand, the cortisol level increased significantly.
Increasing of cortisol levels; lowering the content of vitamin D3, and decreasing the amount of parathyroid hormone are consequences of treatment with 150 mCi Idine-131 in the understudied population.

Retinoic acid is recognized as a regulator of the growth and cell differentiation and is necessary for normal reproductive in male and female. The present study was done to investigate the effect of retinoic acid on the uterine tissue and estradiol and progesterone hormones in female adult BALB/c mice.
Material & In this study after determining the appropriate dose of retinoic acid, it was injected intraperitoneally (IP) for 30 days On 75 adult BALB/c mice with doses of 15 (Group I), 25 (Group II), and 35mg/kg.b.w (Group III), control group (non- injection) and sham (distilled water injection). ANOVA analysis and Duncan test were applied to compare the means with significance level (P˂0.05) and (P˂0.001).
Uterine tissue studies indicated an increase in overall thickness of the uterus (endometrium, myometrium, perimeterum) (P It can be concluded that retinoic acid has damaging effect on the uterus tissue and sexual hormones, and its use especially in female should be by awareness and under physician supervision.