مجله علوم و فنون دریایی
سال پانزدهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1395)

One application of spur dikes is ensure navigability of rivers Through regulation and stabilization of sufficient width and depth, balance changes for the development of depth and The radius of curvature.Nowadays, spurs are also employed for promoting environmental conditions along a riverbank. One of the important topics abut spurs is their protection against scouring that has been less studied. One of the simple and economic ways for protection of spur against scouring is using riprap. Riprap is very common because it is easily available, cheap and simple for construction.
Since using, spur dikes to protect riverbanks spatially in bends is very common, This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of the structure stability. The purpose of this study is evaluation of depth-placed riprap for protection of spur dike in 90° Bend. In order to achieve the research objectives, one riprap size of inch diameter was used. Ripraps are placed in 3 depths ( ), and used for 3 lengths of spur(15%,20% and 25% width of flume), two angles (90 and 120 degree) and three longitude distance (3,5 and 7 times of spur length). Parameters as variables in this study were selected which The results can be used in large rivers, including navigable rivers and the Gulf.
The results showed that stability of ripraps are increased with increasing the depth-placed riprap and angle of spurs, whereas increasing in spur length and longitude distance decreases stability of ripraps.

Genetic structure of golden mullet, Liza aurata, investigated in the Gomishan and Anzali wetlands using six microsatellite primer sets (Muce55, Muce37, Muso10, Muco16, Muso19, and Muso22). Totally 60 samples of adult golden mullet were collected from these regions. All primer sets as polymorphic loci were used to analyze the genetic variation. Analyses revealed that average of alleles (Na) per locus was 5.3 (range 3 to 9 alleles) and in regions, samples of Gomishan wetland 5.1 and Anzali wetland 5.5 respectively. All sampled regions contained private alleles. The average estimates of inbreeding coefficients (Fis and Fit) values of 6 microsatellites were positive. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was in Gomishan wetland 0.153 and 0.721 and Anzali wetland 0.328 and 0.747 respectively. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases (P

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of prebiotic GroBiotic®-A on growth factors, survival rate, body composition and intestinal microbiota of cultured juvenile beluga (Hous huso) in the sturgeon culture center (Samandak, Sari). Four groups of beluga sturgeon with mean weight of 40.82± 5.8 g were raised for 56 days in fiber glass tanks (20 fish to each tank) and feeding with different levels of GroBiotic®-A with concentrations of % 0, % 0.5, %1.0 and % 2.0 (Three replicates were used for each concentration). At the end of the trial, growth factors (final weight, weight gain, SGR, CF feed conversion ratio (FCR), body composition and intestinal microbiota (total viable bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. levels) were determined and compared with control group. Our results confirmed that juveniles fed on diet supplemented with 2% GroBiotic®-A had significantly higher growth factors and , survival rate compared to control and 0.5% treatment (P0.05). Total viable bacteria and Lactobacillus spp. count were increased during this study and these parameters significantly higher in 2% treatment compared to other treatments (P

Recently, due to the high costs and a decrease in producing of Lansy PZ, various researches have paid attention to the baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a substitute for Lansy PZ in Artemia culture technologies. In this study, the effects of six feeding regimes: Lansy PZ (as control), enriched yeast with HUFA, enriched yeast with HUFA and without mannoproteins in wall cells, yeast without mannoproteins in wall cells, industrial yeast 100 and 50 % feeding regimes were respectively examined on the fatty acid composition of two Artemia species (Artemia urmiana and A. franciscana) at a salinity of 80 ppt and a density of 500 nauplii per liter in laboratory cultures. Results showed that the enrichment of baker’s yeast with HUFA had increasing trend on the EPA and DHA contents of baker yeast (19.11 and 34.51%, respectively). The yeast type also had significant effect on the fatty acid composition of the two species of Artemia. The highest content of HUFA obtained when Artemia fed the Lansy PZ diet. Our results recommended that the Artemia fed with HUFA enriched yeast and enriched yeast with HUFA without mannoproteins in wall cells induced higher contents of essential fatty acid (especially DHA) compared to other treatments. On the basis of the present investigation, the enrichment of Artemia with yeast enriched HUFA can be substitute to Artemia fed with Lanzy PZ.

Oxidation of fat in fish diet caused by oxygen penetration, high temperature and metal catalysts is common. the effects of feeding diets containing oxidized fish oil on growth indices and lipid metabolism in young hybrid sturgeon, (Huso huso ♂× Acipenser ruthenus♀) was investigated. 3 different diets: a control group, Group OFO50 (50% oil fish oxidized), Group OFO100 (100% oil fish oxidized) was designed. 90 young sturgeon hybrids with an average initial weight of 212/6 ± 0/7 g, after 2 weeks adaptation to the experimental conditions, randomly divided in the 9 fiberglass tank with a volume of 700 liters dewatering. Feeding was performed three times daily (8:00, 14:00 and 20:00) according to the appetite during the period of study. After 6 weeks sampling was done to assay the growth parameters and biochemical indices. in oxidized oil-fed groups, the adverse impact on growth in both groups was seen The significant reduction in cholesterol, triglycerides, was observed in OFO100 groups. The results showed that feeding the hybrid sturgeon with diets containing oxidized fish oil, causing a negative impact on growth and lipid metabolism. Although a slight increase in the percentage of body weight gain and specific growth rate was recorded, but it was undesirable and have been related to the increased visceral fat.

Turbidity currents are one of the most fundamental factors that transferring sediment near the dam. In this article, the effect of roughness, pattern, height and the shape of roughness in the floor on controlling turbidity current are studied using finite elements numerical method by ANSYS-CFX. For solving turbulence equations are used K-e method. After calibrating of model has done, at the first, simulated flow without roughness and then three shape of roughness pyramid-shaped, round edge cylindrical and cubic with two alternative zigzag and consecutive, with 5 different height and for subcritical and supercritical flow regime are modeled. The results indicated that with the increase in height of the roughness and cross flow and with zigzag arrangement, reduced the turbidity current discharge. Also the effect of roughness on controlling subcritical turbidity current are more than supercritical flow.

In order to study of reproductive stages of Caspian Sea Amphipod the sampling was made in southern coasts of Caspian sea( Jefrood beache). Amphipods transferred to laboratory with some their native sediment. Samples were maintained in controlled laboratory condition as temperature of 2510C, salinity of 9± 0.5 ppt and a 12 hrs light - dark regime. The average priod spent in precopula stage was about 2.6±0.91 days and embryonic development took about 8.5 ±1.05 days. The fecundity was estimated as the number of fertilized eggs existing in brood pouch of each female(14.125). first precopula was observed after about 40 days of birth.To assay Assay of various feed composition on growth of Gammarus, of similar size of Gammarus were fed by composite food of (fish- potato), (fish- bread) , (fish-leaf), (leaf-potato), (leaf-bread) , (bread-potato). At the end of 6th week the head of all specimens were measured. The obtained result of statistically analyzed and showed, significant difference between the treatments (p0.05) The combined potato- bread food was determined the most suitable food to feed Gammarus.

The instability and mobility of sand dunes is a major concern of planning and management in arid coastal plain. Usually, the dune systems are created based on several factors and elements. In order for environmental planning and management in coastal zone, the study of their formation and development process has a major task. The present study is dale with factors identify for sand masses main processes and formed in western part of Makran coastal plain. Data set consist of spatial map of landforms distributions, winds velocities and directions, fetch length as well as dynamic waves were collected and processed. These data along with thematic maps of geology and topography as well as remotely sensed data (satellite images and aerial photographs) were used for further processing and analysis. The Geomorphologic units map was generated as first step. Next wind and wave rose's diagrams were provided. Furthermore, elongation and direction of sand masses movements was extraction form multi-temporal and multisensory data. Main rivers monthly discharges were analysis related to their hydrometric water stations and previous studies. Results indicate that location and distribution of coastal sand masses isn’t functioned by wind; it's more affected by the geomorphologic characteristics of foreshore and coastal hydrodynamics. Also distribution of internal sand masses on coastal plain is more affected by the plain stretches relative to the prevailing wind direction and to the extent of the old beds and floodplain that are exposed along to the prevailing wind nether than wind function.

Brown algae of Padina sp (Adanson, 1763) are found globally across tropical coastal areas, inter-tidal and sub-tidal regions. The aim of this research was to identify morphological and molecular characteristics of padina species distributed across Lengeh Port in Persian Gulf using morphological examinations and rbcL chloroplast gene sequencing. For this purpose, morphological features were undertaken using valid identification keys. For molecular analysis, total genomic DNA was extracted by CTAB method with slight modifications. Amplification of fragments was carried out using rbcL primers. Analysis of genome sequences was undertaken using genetic softwares of Chromas, BioEdit and MEGA6 and phylogenetic trees were constructed by two models of Neighbor Joining (NJ) and Maximum Likelihood (ML). Results indicated that two identical species of padina (P. boergesenii and P. australis) in this research shared common cluster with 99% probability and showed high genetic similarities among related compared padina species submitted in NCBI Genbank.

In this study, the effect of different dietary nucleotide levels (0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) was investigated on growth indices and some haemolymph biochemical parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei female broodstock during 30 days.hemolymph was sampled in three times, at the first day of the trial, 21 days (before eyestalk ablation) and 30 days (9 days after eyestalk ablation) after starting the feeding trial. In experimental period, water parameters including temperature, dissolve oxygen, salinity and pH recorded daily as 27.79 ± 1.24 ˚C, 5.78 ± 0.41 ppm, 31.82 ± 3.1 ppt and 7.9 ± 0.18, respectively. haemolymph biochemical parameters of female broodstock including glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, calcium, albumin, total soluble proteins, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein measured in three phases (start of feeding, 21 [pre eyestalk ablation period] and 30 days after start feeding) by biochemical standard methods. the results showed that body weight increase, specific growth rate and daily growth rate in samples treated by dietary nucleotide showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) compared to control group. analysis of biochemical heamolymph showed that the glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, total protein were significant increasing (p

In order to provide SST images, the sensor MODIS installed on Aqua Satellite EOS-1 was used. Applying lighting assessment out of images from Modis 21-Level 1B Calibrated Radiances -1km in Persian Gulf and the Bushehr sea station (Bouyeh) from global algorithm specified for above sensor was used to estimate the sea surface temperature. With function of Matlab software to extract data of satellite images, and GIS software to convert the matris obtained, the maps of sea surface temperature were used. Forty eight images taken in 2008, 2009, 2012, and 2013 were selected. Their correlation coefficient eventually was 0.75, 0.86, and 0.75 respectively. Likewise the special coefficient obtained as 0.86, 0.90, 0.94 and 0.86 respectively. Finally, taking the 31 band temperature into consideration for the years 2008, 2009, 2012 and temperature differences of bands 31 and 32 and the sensor angle as independent factors were used at Bouyeh temperature as an affiliated factor calibrated by SPSS software for global algorithm of Persian Gulf. In order to check the correctness the algorithm suggested, the sea surface temperature was re-examined with satellite images of the year 2013; the correlation coefficient 0.96 and 0.94 were obtained. The searching has shown that the depth with current sea and latitude have effect on sea surface temperature, and temperature balance specially in north and central latitude have contrary relation with depth.

The aim of this study is evaluate the effect of temperature changes to reduce toxicity, jellyfish venom Crambionella orsini. Venom extraction was done according to Bloom method. To breaking wall of nematocysts capsule, at first, sonication it and than The resulting solution was centrifuged. To evaluate the effect of temperature on the venom, it is heated at different temperatures and then injected into SoRI mice. After catching jellyfish Crambionella orsini from Arvand nidstream estuary umbrellas edge and tentacles jellyfish were separated and put were in water that was removed on the same area. Toxins LD50 were calculated by Jung and Choi method .and using statistical analysis to obtain minimal lethal dose of poison done by the 2007Excel. The results showed that the venome of jellyfish Crambionella orsini, like venome of other animals is, based on a protein and that is sensitive to heat. This venome at a temperature of 48 °C is disabled and lose their structure and also its minimum lethal dose is 0.5 ml.