مجله پژوهش های اخلاقی
سال پنجم شماره 4 (پیاپی 20، تابستان 1394)

Because of the Jihadi nature of military service and the complicated plans of the enemies in soft war, "soldiers’ insight" has a very important role in achieving the superb goals of military service. The commanders have thus come to the conclusion that they should enhance the insight of soldiers while making relationship with them. This process can be called “insight enhancement” of relations between commanders and soldiers. But the main problem for Muslim commanders with regard to this principle is lack of familiarity with the procedures proper for the military environment and resorting to the Quran and Sunnah. Because of this problem, this study, using an analytical-descriptive method, seeks to explain synoptically the principle of insight enhancement and to present its related methods based on the Quran and Imams (AS). The result of this research is introducing and investigatig eleven methods in operationalizing the principle of insight enhancement.

Loyalty or faithfulness is one of the fundamental virtues among human societies and it is the focus of studies, which conducted by ethical disciplines. This study aims to examine faithfulness from Islamic perspective and to compare this perspective with other philosophical traditions. In Islamic tradition, faithfulness underlines teleologism. The study will examine and prove two hypotheses. First, loyalty and being faithful is known as virtue by all philosophical traditions. Second, the Islamic perspective on loyalty is unique because Islamic principles provide a sanction and guarantee people to practice loyalty. In order to examine these two hypotheses, the article presents a brief discussion on ethical disciplines and the criteria for ethically good and bad. Then, the article critiques the issue of loyalty form different philosophical perspectives. Finally, the article will conclude how Islamic perspective on loyalty is unique and it is in logically coherence and adopts with anthropology from Islamic viewpoint.

This article is going to survey modern moral language and compare with the traditional one. These to have their own glossary and wordbook that are different and even alien with each other. In modern moral language are marked on the external virtues like justice liberty toleration rationality and personal autonomy. Naturally in this kind of moral language and human wisdom weakness there is not attention to sensual Virtues and integrities and to have a impartiality language and to select it as a final standard for the Various forms of life in the opposite of that aristotle morality studys the soul and its integrities bridge to achive the external goods. In addition he believes in practical wisdom that its owner can recognize verity and falsity.

Self-belief is a concept incorporated into a network of relisous notions including self-esteem, self-respect, no self-reproach, will power, problem-solving abitlity and relying on the Creator and His blessings. There are scores of signs indicative of the concept missing in a person; e.g. fear, shyness, isolation, disappointment, pessimism, telling lies and aggression. When one is humiliated, compared to others, seeks unattainable desires and holds a wrong impression of herself, he would lose self-confidence and be downplayed. The present article would answer the essential question as to how can a faithful man boost his vulnerable self-confidence to a balanced point. The Holy Quran along with hadith present a number of solutions through which the practical facet of religion is revealed and a divine sample to spiritual- mental obstables would come about.

In this article it’s tried to present sobriety theorem limited in thoughtful system of Aristotle. One of the problems that are challenge for our scholars that are all of human’s acts and emotions involved in this theorem or not? Some of philosophers have discussed this problem as disadvantage against Aristotle they believed that some of acts utterly are as absolute unappealing or accomplishment, it’s not such as Aristotle’s claim that characterized morality b sobriety point for them, when author was researching Aristotle’s written in answer to this question, addressed to the words that Aristotle has noted as disadvantage for sobriety (balance) theorem and supposed some of the acts as absolute unappealing. In follow, it’s tried to find total method in Aristotle’s thoughtful system that with their bases can answer problem by organized. Finally it is introduced a solution that Aristotle has referred in his words, according to thus solution, problem in all of shady examples to exodus from sobriety theorem, even in instances that by himself (Aristotle) has known as absolute unappealing be solve and exception in some cases that apparently mean only under diving religions, all of them be remained under medial principle.

This article is aimed at explaining and criticizing Sinnott- Armstrong's stance about the justification of moral beliefs. Sinnott-Armstrong has formulated his stance making a compromise between three types of skepticism. That is if moral nihilism exists as an alternative in a contrast class and since assuming the negation of moral nihilism is begging the question and is impossible, skeptic arguments will work and it becomes impossible to answer. However, if moral nihilism is not an alternative in a contrast class, we can be modestly justified. But in an unqualified contrast class if it is not stipulated, since it is impossible to identify which contrast class –extreme or modest- is an appropriate one, we should keep silent about justified moral belief which leads to Pyrrhonism.

While relatively benefiting from ethical and humanitarian virtues, humans’ social life today is accompanied in some cases by disorders and calamities; therefore, it is necessary to organize people’s lives by making proper laws, developing culture appropriately and presenting efficient practical approaches. One of the things that must be seriously focused on in social relations sphere is the status of neighbors. The Qur’an and the traditions, as the suppliers of humans’ happiness in the world and in the hereafter, have various social and ethical instructions and programs about neighbors by which people can have a peaceful life together. Since this is not accomplished but through cooperation and unanimity, all people must shoulder a constructive interaction with each other, neighbors in particular. Focusing on religious lifestyle in interaction with neighbors, this research is aimed at examining the correct approaches to deal with bad-mannered neighbors.