مجله پژوهش های بوم شناسی شهری
پیاپی 14 (پاییز و زمستان 1395)

The provision of citizens’ satisfaction as well as their participation in urban management is one the main goals of participatory systems as people’s dissatisfaction makes the interaction of people with the municipality difficult, or even impossible. For this reason, the present study aimed to determine influential factors on people’s satisfaction of the services offered by Mashhad municipality_ district 9_ employing a descriptive-analytical methodology. The data required in this study were collected through a developed questionnaire which was checked for its validity and reliability and was later administered among 200 participants. Correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were then conducted to analyze the data collected. The results showed that, among the factors, settlement duration, the degree of connection with municipality, age when entered the district, distance from house to the main street, and receiving direct advertisement had a significantly meaningful relationship with people’s satisfaction of the services provided by the municipality. The findings also revealed that municipal environmental activities in Mashhad was appropriate for sustainable environmental assessment. Thus, this study suggests that the authorities should not only ensure citizens’ satisfaction but also develop municipal services

Tonekabon has 13 pluviometry stations as well as one climatological station which is inactive. Due to the distance of the city with existing synoptic stations and with regard to the area of the city, it is attempted to position a new synoptic station so as to both resolve the problem with the distance between the stations available and also to use the new station data for climate studies as well as urban planning and construction. This research was practical with an analysis-combination approach. In order to analyze the data , graphic-based software’s ARC GIS10 and statistical -besd PASW & Choise Expert, is used. Additionally, in order to integrate and extract effective weights in the positioning operation, the models of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), weighted overlap, and fuzzy logic were used. The results of the study showed that due to the combination of seven factors with weighted overlap model as well as using the AHP model, 81/6 square kilometers of the area under study had great potential to be suitable for the construction of synoptic stations, which was mainly concentrated in the north part of the city. Moreover, about%38 of the city area had such capability. The results obtained from the combination of factor maps with the fuzzy model introduced that half square kilometers of the city area had the right capabilities to construct synoptic stations. Regarding the comparison of the two final maps, the fuzzy model due to its higher flexibility than the weighted overlap model was introduced as the optimum model for prioritizing the city to build synoptic stations.

Urban old areas, which were once the important parts of the towns and are now considered the identity of these areas, are not reclaimable and renewable due to the poor condition and disassociation of its residents. This study aims to evaluate the physical parameters of the urban old areas and their problems in the city of Oshnavieh. The research design is analytical-descriptive method. The research population is the residents of the case study town and, according to Cochran Formula, 317 questionnaires were distributed among residents. The sampling was done based on the homogeneity of statistics population using systematic sampling. To analyze physical parameters of the area, Arc GIS software and to detect the effect of aging areas on residents, the SPSS software were used respectively. The results show that from the total 16 parts of old areas, four areas (%25 of the areas), contain all three factors of microlithic parts, poor quality of buildings, and accessibility to below 6 meters and six areas (%37.5 of the area), has two Factors. Therefore, the deterioration in these 10 areas has been more tangible. It was also found that about %54.5 of the residents has been already living in their neighborhood so that about %47.6 has been resident in their regions more than 10 years.

Cities are considered the context of the most important social, economic, political, and cultural activities. The study of urbanization process indicates that urban population is rapidly growing and cities face high rates of population growth, failing to control the caused problems so far. The phenomenon of migration is today considered as one of the most important and complicated problems in the Third World countries. Obviously, Iran has been affected by this issue as well. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of migration on Babol development. This study was descriptive-analytical cross-sectional research. Through Cochran's sampling method, 322 questionnaires were administered. In order to analyze the data obtained, SPSS software and SWOT model were used. The study findings revealed that sustainability as an important factor in sustainable urban projects must be considered in the implementation of urban renovation plans. According to the results of the questionnaires gained by SWOT model, the views of experts, planners, officials and directors of Babol indicated that the weaknesses and threats of migration on the development of the city is much more than its strengths and opportunities, and so migration to the city causes instability and makes it difficult to achieve sustainable development.

Leisure space today is one of the important areas of urban studies as the quality of how leisure time is spent has become more important. This comparative study was done to both measure satisfaction indicators of leisure time and to investigate the factors influencing leisure space satisfaction in two districts in Maragheh. In order to collect the data in this study, questionnaire surveys were conducted. The statistical population of the study were citizens living in District 1 and 4 in Maragheh and the population size in each area was determined based on Cochran formula. The questionnaires were then distributed in the leisure places by using simple-random sampling method. In order to analyze the research data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied by means of SPSS software. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference in leisure space satisfaction between Districts 1 and 4. Additionally, it was determined by factor analysis that the leisure facilities, variety of leisure places, and access to them (with 38.9 percent variance) in District 1 and also the facilities and variety of leisure places as well as their cultural functions (with 38.7 percent variance) in District 4 have played the most important role in shaping the resident's satisfaction of their leisure space.

One of the factors influencing the development of a country is health services and treatment optimized. These services will be more favorable when they are more evenly distributed in different regions of the country and hence provide community satisfaction. The purpose of this study was the analysis of health inequality in Qazvin province. For this purpose, this study with a practical approach and a descriptive-analytic nature was carried out. The data collection was done through library study including the study of previous documents and the world health literature according to the Statistical Yearbook of Qazvin province in 2013. The data were then analyzed through fuzzy Electre and weighted sum models, Pearson correlation coefficient, Coefficient of Variation, and t-test. In order to do this, Excel and SPSS softwares were used to ensure accuracy in calculations. The calculations of fuzzy Electre method represented the superiority of Qazvin city with 5 scores over the other cities. Bouin Zahra with 4 scores, Takestan with 3 scores, Abyek with 2 scores, Alborz with 1 score, and Avaj with 0 score ranked second to sixth respectively. The Calculations of t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Coefficient of Variation also represented inequality between the cities and within them (cities and villages). Inequality in Qazvin province indicated the unjust distribution of health services as well as the distance from the two principles of provision and availability - between and within the cities.

This study aims to Analysis of Public Services From the Spatial Justice Perspective in Ahvaz. In terms of applied research and methods, a combination of analytical methods and data collection of library and documentary style used. The seven areas of Ahvaz as a geographical unit for measuring "spatial justice" and 15 indicators to achieve this Antkhabshdhand crucial public services. The use of fuzzy expert opinions to the importance of the environment was. For analysis and ranking of urban areas in terms of having the Public Service of models such as VIKOR, electrical and human development (HDI) and to reach a conclusion different models of data analysis, compilation techniques used is Kandrst. Data analysis showed that the zones 4, 3 and 2 as most enjoyed areas, zones 1 and 8 of the regions 6 and 7, the lower half of the municipal services they receive. To measure the relationship between the population and to municipal services, Pearson correlation test was used. The correlation coefficient (0/471) obtained indicates the fact that the weak link between population distribution and distribution services.

The aim of the research is defining the criteria and patterns of passive defense in emergency discharge and settlement. Research is descriptive-analytical method and the technique is Delphi. The Focus Groups’ comments are used for the finalization of the criteria.The statistical society of research included all experts in the field of defense and architecture that 10 samples were selected. The results indicate that the criteria of passive defense in emergency discharge and settlement are included two general categories of the discharge and settlement.The discharge is included transport and discharge use and settlement is included locating settlement, routs and access roads to the settlement areas, temporary settlement centers in and out of town.Panelists in order to achieve the criteria of defense, gain 69 criteria so finally in order to increasing criteria in composed Focus Groups, 21 criteria are extracted and finalized as the important criteria of passive defense in emergency discharge and settlement.