فهرست مطالب
Evidence Based Care
Volume:8 Issue: 3, Autumn 2018
- تاریخ انتشار: 1397/07/25
- تعداد عناوین: 8
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Pages 7-16BackgroundThe cycle of pain, fear, and anxiety may lead to prolonged labor and cesarean section. Acupressure is one of the methods for pain relief.AimTherefore,this study aimed to compare the effect of acupressure on bladder-GV20 and gallbladder-GV20 points on the labor pain in primiparous women.MethodThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 158 primiparous women, who referred to the Um Al-Benin Specialized Women Hospital, Mashhad, Iran in 2017. The first stage of labor included five and four pressure cycles on acupressure points in bladder and gallbladder in the intervention groups 1 and 2, respectively. In the second stage of labor one pressure cycle on the same points were completed. The control group only received the routine cares. The duration of uterine contractions was assessed by touching the uterus apex. Moreover, the pain intensity was evaluated by the visual analog scale. All the data were analyzed by the SPSS version 25ResultsThe mean pain intensity in both stages of the intervention groups was significantly different from the control group and was significantly lower in the gallbladder group (P<0.001). The mean duration of contractions in the first stage was significantly different between the three groups (P<0.001). Implications for Practice: According to the findings of this study,pressure on bladder-GV20 and gallbladder-GV20 points can attenuate pain intensity in the first and second stages of labor. Moreover, this technique prolongs the duration of contractions in the first stage of labor. Consequently, this method can be recommended as a complementary approach in labor.Keywords: Acupressure, GV20 point, Labor pain intensity, Primiparous
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Pages 17-26BackgroundReduced happiness is one of the consequences of aging. Happiness is a component of mental health that leads to life satisfaction and physical well-being.AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of painting therapy on the happiness of the elderly.MethodThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 elderlies in 2017. The subjects were selected from two elderly care centers in Mashhad, Iran, through the convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of intervention (N=30) and control (N=30). The data collection tools included a demographic characteristics form, research unit selection questionnaire, Cognitive Short Questionnaire, and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. In addition, 12 sessions of painting therapy (three 50-60-minute sessions per week) were performed. At the end of the intervention, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was completed again by the subjects of both groups. In addition, data analysis was performed in SPSS, version 21.ResultsIn this study, the groups were homogenous in terms of demographic variables. In terms of mean happiness score before the intervention, no significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups (55.6±2.1 vs. 57.6±5.0; P=0.06). However, after the intervention, the mean score of happiness was significantly higher in all its dimensions in the intervention group compared to the control group (P<0.001). Implications for Practice: Painting therapy can be used as an effective intervention to increase happiness in elderly care centers and nursing homes.Keywords: Elderly, Happiness, Painting therapy
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Pages 27-34BackgroundBeliefs of women play a very important role in efficacy of screening for cervical cancer. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate their points of view using appropriate tools with suitable validity and reliability. It seems that the Pap Smear Belief Questionnaire (PSBQ) can assess the attitudes and beliefs of women towards screening for Pap smear.AimThis study aimed to evaluate cross-cultural adaptation of beliefs regarding cervical cancer screening in Iranian women.MethodIn the present study, the cross-cultural adaptation was investigated in 318 married participants. Following the translation and re-translation processes of PSBQ, approval by author, and obtaining the views of the experts as well as participants, the face and content validities of questionnaire were determined qualitatively. Moreover, the construct validity was affirmed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The tool reliability was analyzed by internal consistency and test-retest methods.ResultsThe construct validity of the questionnaire had four subscales (exam-related factors, benefits, barriers, and vulnerability). Cronbach's alpha was obtained as 0.93 and the intracluster correlation coefficient was 0.98, indicating the reliability of the Persian version of this questionnaire. Implications for Practice: The Persian version of PSBQ had an acceptable validity and reliability among the Iranian female population. This reliable instrument can be used to assess the existing status, in addition to study the effectiveness of breast cancer screening beliefs.Keywords: Cervical cancer, Pap smear, PSBQ adaptation, Psychometric, Screening beliefs
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Pages 35-45BackgroundMedical adherence is critical to peritoneal dialysis (PD) success. Accordingly, the self-regulation approach plays a crucial role in disease management and treatment progress through the formation of an organized pattern of beliefs in patients.AimThe purpose of this study was to compare the effects of self-regulation theory (SRT) and self-care training on medical adherence in patients on PD.MethodThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients receiving PD admitted to Imam Reza and Ghaem Dialysis Centers in, Mashhad, Iran, 2017. They were assigned into two groups of SRT and self-care training using a drawing method. Both groups received SRT or self-care training in two 25-30-min sessions during 2 weeks. Medical adherence was measured by the End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire at the pre-intervention phase, as well as 3 and 6 weeks later. Data analysis was performed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 25.ResultsBoth groups were homogeneous considering demographic variables. The mean scores of medical adherence at the pre-intervention phase and 3 and 6 weeks later in the SRT group was 99.0±16.0, 83.9±14.9, and 80.8±15.0, respectively. These values were 87.4±8.6, 79.4±7.6, and 78.3±7.1 in the self-care training group, respectively. There was a significant difference between the groups regarding these (P<0.001). Implications for Practice: Both SRT and self-care training could improve medical adherence in patients receiving PD.Keywords: Medical adherence, Peritoneal dialysis, Self-care training, Self-regulation theory
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Pages 46-56smoking. Self-efficacy can be assumed as the best predictor of smoking behavior in adolescents.AimThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of a school-based interventional program on smoking refusal self-efficacy in adolescent females.MethodThis randomized controlled trial was conducted on 53 adolescent females in 2017. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=27) and control (n=26). The intervention group was provided with a smoking prevention program implemented five sessions a week in their school classrooms. On the other hand, the control group received the routine interventions. A researcher-made Smoking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was completed before and one month after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 20.0) using Fisher’s exact test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsAccording to the results, 9 (34.6%) and 7 (25.9%) individuals in the control and intervention groups had smoking fathers, respectively. The two study groups were homogeneous in terms of smoking refusal self-efficacy before the intervention. Following the intervention, the mean self-efficacy scores in the intervention and control groups were estimated as 111.55±13.1 and 93.53±25.02, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding this variable after the intervention (P=0.02). Implications for Practice: The school-based interventional program for smoking prevention in accordance with social skills training could effectively increase the level of smoking refusal self-efficacy in adolescent females.Keywords: Adolescents, Intervention program, Females, Refusal, Self-efficacy, Smoking prevention
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Pages 57-63BackgroundThe most important factor affecting weight gain after birth is the type and mode of neonatal feeding. The most suitable nutrition is exclusive breastfeeding. However, breastfeeding can be accompanied with some difficulties, such as breast engorgement, which results in neonatal feeding complications. Breast Oketani-massage therapy is proposed as a treatment for breast engorgement.AimThis study aimed to determine the effect of breast Oketani-massage therapy on neonatal weight gain among lactating women with breast engorgement.MethodThis randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 100 postpartum (i.e., on the first five days of childbirth) women admitted to the Midwifery Clinic and Gynecology and Obstetric Department of Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, due to breast engorgement from August to November 2016. The subjects were divided into two groups, namely Oketani massage and routine care training, through random block allocation. The data were collected regarding neonatal weight gain before and after the intervention and analyzed in SPSS (version 20) using repeated measures ANOVA.ResultsThe results revealed no significant difference between the two groups in terms of neonatal weight gain on within days 1-5 day before the intervention (P=0.17). However, a statically significant difference was observed between the two groups in this regard 14 and 28 days post-intervention (P<0.001). Implications for Practice: This study showed that breast Oketani-massage in comparison to the routine care increased the neonatal weight gain among lactating women with breast engorgement.Keywords: Breast, Engorgement, Infant, Oketani-massage, Weight gains
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Pages 64-74BackgroundImprovement of the quality ofcancer-related fatigue clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) is an important issue in oncology.AimThis study aimed to determine the methodological quality of CPGs about cancer-related fatigue management using the AGREE II instrument.MethodThis study involved a systematic search, followed by a descriptive study, to evaluate the methodological quality of CPGs about CRF using the AGREE II instrument in 2018. A comprehensive search was conducted on different websites and databases to find the eligible published guidelines from the observation time to Jan 2018. After screening the guidelines based on eligibility criteria, the selected CPGs were assessed by five independent appraisers by means of the updated AGREE II instrument developed in 2013.ResultsAccording to the results, applicability and editorial independence domains had obtained low quality scores. However, the scores of the rest of the domains were indicative of a favorable quality level. Implications for Practice: It is essential to improve the quality of CRF CPGs and design high-quality CPGs especially in terms of applicability and editorial independence domains.Keywords: Cancer-related fatigue, Clinical practice guidelines, Quality
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Pages 75-80Myocardial infarction (MI) decreases patients’ quality of life (QOL). The present study aimed to investigate the effect of relaxation training and exercise on QOL in post-MI patients. This single-blind, randomized, clinical trial was conducted on 64 post-MI patients at Fatemeh Zahra Hospital in Sari, Iran, in 2013. The study population was divided into two groups of intervention and control. The intervention group received training and was followed-up for 8 weeks at home. The data were collected using MacNew QOL Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed in SPSS (version 16) using t-test. There were significant differences between the intervention and control groups regarding the mean scores of the three QOL domains. Total QOL showed a significant difference after relaxation program (P≤0.001). Relaxation exercises resulted in the improvement of QOL in post-MI patients. Therefore, nurses are recommended to train these exercises to patients to practice at home.Keywords: Education, Myocardial infarction, Quality of life, Relaxation