فصلنامه ناتوانی های یادگیری
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 30، بهار 1398)

The aim of the current research was to determine the effectiveness of self-regulation strategies training on attitude toward school in students with special learning disorder in city of Tabriz in the 2017-2018 academic year. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included of all 3rd to 6th grade elementary school students in Tabriz who have been introduced to learning disability centers as eligible for learning disabilities.Thirty students with a learning disability were identified and assigned into two groups of control and experiment (15 in each). The experimental group received self-regulation strategies for 10 forty-nine-minute sessions. The control group did not receive instruction. The results of ANCOVA and MONCOVA showed that the performance of the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that teaching self-regulation strategies helps improve attitudes towards school. Accordingly, self-regulation strategies for students with special learning disabilities are effective methods for improving students' attitudes towards school.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Sand Smart software on executive functions of students with dyslexia. The research method was experimental with pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all students with dyslexia referred to the center of learning disorder. Of these, a sample of 30 were selected by available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups (15 subjects in each). Both groups sat for a pre-test and the experimental group received syllabus training for 20 sessions with Sand Smart Training software, while the control group did not receive this training. At the end of the course, both groups sat for the post-test. The instruments used in this study were the Continuous Performance Test, London Tower Test and Wechsler Working Memory Test. Data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS version 24 software. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that software training had a positive and significant effect on the executive functions of focused attention and the ability to organize and plan (p <0.01), but its effectiveness on auditory and visual working memory was not significant. Regarding the findings of this research, it can be concluded that planning for using educational software to improve the performance of students with dyslexia is very important.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of copy, cover and comparison strategies on the spelling performance of elementary students with writing disabilities. A pre-test and post-test design with a control group was used. Participants were 41 students with spelling learning disabilities in the 3rd grade elementary school in Rawor city, selected by inclusion criteria and divided into two experimental and control groups. Copy, cover and comparison strategies were performed for 10 sessions, for 4 weeks, 3 times per week and 1.5 hours for each session. After the end of the intervention and a month later, a spell test was carried out. Data were analyzed using repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance analysis. The findings showed that in the visual memory dimension, auditory sensitivity, visual differentiation and reminder of the error scores of the experimental group significantly decreased in the control group. In addition, the findings showed that the experimental group had a higher performance in the spell-checking test compared to the control group. Considering the importance of students with learning disabilities, especially in elementary school and their spelling problems, and considering the results of this study and the effects of copying strategies, coverage and comparisons on spelling disability students, a set of exercises and tests of this strategy can be used to solve spelling problems and improve the academic achievement of students with spelling learning disabilities.

Learning disorders impose heavy burdens on the child, family, and community. Comparing and recognizing effective reading components in the school environment of ordinary children and children with learning disabilities can help to improve the environments of children. The aim of this study was to compare these factors in normal and dyslexic children with age range of 9-12 year in Tehran. The present study was conducted in a causal-comparative study including 50 students with learning disabilities and 102 normal students in Tehran elementary schools in the academic year 2016-2017. In this study, the School literacy environment questionnaire and Nama test were used. The socio-economic class was also a control variable.  Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis. Differences in the environmental enrichment component of school in two groups of normal and dyslexic were significant with 95% confidence. According to the research findings, school enrichment plays an important role in preventing the emergence and progression of learning disabilities, and it is necessary to pay attention to this issue in the context of children's development.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of accuracy training on reading ability of dyslexic boy students in third grade. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest. The statistical population of this study was all third grade boy students that have learning disabilities in Urmia city from which a sample of 30 people were chosen through targeted sampling and were randomly divided into two 15-member control and experimental groups. Both groups sat for the pretest and the experimental group received accuracy training in 12 sessions, while the control group did not receive this treatment. At the end, both groups sat for the posttest. The instrument used in this study was Dyslexia syndrome list scale. The collected data was analyzed using covariance through SPSS software, version 21. The results showed that accuracy training had a positive and significant effect on reading ability in dyslexic students of the third grade elementary school of Urmia. Overall, it can be concluded that paying attention to teaching accuracy as basic reading skills can be an effective approach to dyslexic modification.

The present study was aimed at examining the role of children’s self-concept, family’s social support, and parenting styles in predicting academic vitality among male students with specific learning disability. The present study was a correlational research. The study sample consisted of 110 elementary fourth- and fifth-grade male students with specific learning disabilities in the academic year of 2015-2016 in Boukan. They were selected from Boukan’s students using a multistage cluster sampling method. To collect the required data, Colorado Learning Difficulties Questionnaire (CLDQ), Structured Clinical Interview Based on the Symptoms in DSM-5, Children’s Self-Concept Scale, Social Support, Parenting Style, and Academic Buoyancy were employed. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient indicated that children’s self-concept (r=0.75), family’s social support (r=0.42), and parenting style (r=0.59) were significantly correlated with academic vitality among students with specific learning disabilities (P<0.01). The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that children’s self-concept, family’s social support, and parenting styles were significant in predicting academic vitality among students with specific learning disabilities (P<0.001). These results show that an increase in children’s self-concept, family’s social support, and a parenting styles in which physical punishment and poor supervision decrease can lead to an increase in academic vitality among those students.

The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the auditory perception of a third-grade elementary student with dictation disorder in a case study with A-B design. The sample of this study was a third-grade elementary school student with a learning disability problem (dictation disorder with auditory perception) who was randomly selected among the students diagnosed as having learning disorder and referred to the Serishabad Counseling Center in the academic year 2017-2018. The research tools were Wechsler Intelligence Test, dictation disorder Test, and Child Behavioral Checklist. For 12 an-hour sessions, an auditory rehabilitation program was conducted to reduce student's dictation disorder. The results of the research indicate that rehearsal exercises of auditory perception in reducing the rate of student dictation mistakes during 12 sessions have been effective.