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International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine - Volume:5 Issue: 19, Summer 2016

International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine
Volume:5 Issue: 19, Summer 2016

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/07/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Mohammad Kazemi, Mansoor Salehi *, Majid Kheirolahi Pages 125-133
    Down syndrome (DS) is a birth defect with huge medical and social costs, caused by trisomy of whole or part of chromosome 21. It is the most prevalent genetic disease worldwide and the common genetic cause of intellectual disabilities appearing in about 1 in 400-1500 newborns. Although the syndrome had been described thousands of years before, it was named after John Langdon Down who described its clinical description in 1866. Scientists have identified candidate genes that are involved in the formation of specific DS features. These advances in turn may help to develop targeted therapy for persons with trisomy 21. Screening for DS is an important part of routine prenatal care. Until recently, noninvasive screening for aneuploidy depends on the measurement of maternal serum analytes and ultrasonography. More recent progress has resulted in the development of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) test using cell-free fetal DNA sequences isolated from a maternal blood sample. A review on those achievements is discussed.
    Keywords: Down syndrome, trisomy 21, prenatal diagnosis, chromosome abnormality, cell, free fetal DNA (cffDNA), noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS)
  • Shahram Torkamandi, Milad Bastami, Hamid Ghaedi, Fateme Moghadam, Reza Mirfakhraie, Mir Davood Omrani* Pages 134-140
    Considering that MAPK (mitogen- activated protein kinase) signaling pathway has an important role in the progression of inflammatory cytokine secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we have recently investigated the reported genetic polymorphism from genome wide association study in MAP3K1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1) in diabetes as an important member of MAPK signaling. This study aimed to investigate the possible association of rs10461617 at the upstream of MAP3K1 gene in an Iranian case-control study with the risk of T2DM. The study population was comprised of 342 unrelated Iranian individuals including 177 patients with T2DM and 165 unrelated healthy control subjects. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP and confirmed with sequencing. In a logistic regression analysis, the rs10461617A allele was associated with a significantly higher risk of T2DM assuming the log- additive model (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.01-2.05, P = 0.039). In conclusion, we provided the first evidence for the association of rs10461617 at the upstream of MAP3K1 with the risk of T2DM in an Iranian population.
    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus_genome_wide association study_MAP3K1_cytokines
  • Saeed Kianbakht*, Farzaneh Nabati, Behrooz Abasi Pages 141-148
    The efficacy and safety of Salvia officinalis combined with statin have not been evaluated in dyslipidemic diabetes mellitus type 2 (DDMT2) so far. The plant extract antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical scavenging assay. The total flavonoid, total phenolic and quercetin contents of the capsules containing the plant extract were also measured. Moreover, the effects of 2-month extract intake (500 mg capsule three times a day) as add-on to daily use of 15 mg glyburide, 2000 mg metformin and 10 mg atorvastatin on the blood levels of fasting glucose (FG), 2 h postprandial glucose (2hPPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine and body mass index were studied in 50 patients and compared with the placebo group (n=50).The extract IC50 in the DPPH assay was 87.26±0.003 µg/mL (mean±SD), whereas the ascorbic acid IC50 was 5.626± 0.001 µg/mL (mean±SD). The total flavonoid, total phenolic and quercetin contents of the capsule containing the plant extract were 39.76±3.58 mg of rutin equivalents (mean±SD), 30.33±1.23 mg of gallic acid (mean±SD) and 0.13 mg, respectively. The extract lowered FG, 2hPPG, HbA1c, TC, LDL-C and triglyceride levels, but increased HDL-C level compared to the placebo at the endpoint (P
    Keywords: Salvia officinalis, statin, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus
  • Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Kaushal Kishore. Chandrul, Afaf El, Ansary Pages 149-159
    This study examined the effects of a protein rich diet on coping neurotransmitter levels in orally administered ampicillin–induced neurotoxic rats compared with propionic acid (PA) models of autism. 40 young male western albino rats were divided into four groups. The first group served as control and received phosphate buffered saline orally; the second group serving as autistic model was treated with oral dose of PA (250 mg/kg body weight/day for 3 days); the third group was treated with the neurotoxic dose of ampicillin (50 mg/kg for three weeks); the fourth group received the same dose of ampicillin and was fed with special protein rich diets. Noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin glutamate, glutamine and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured in the brain homogenate of all tested groups. Specified doses of PA and ampicillin significantly (P
    Keywords: Ampicillin, propionic acid, neurotransmitter, brain
  • Pasquale Comberiati, Laura Colavita *, Federica Minniti, Paiola Giulia, Carlo Capristo, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Giampietro Peroni Diego Pages 160-166
    Emerging data suggest that measurement of serum IgE to peanut components can be clinically helpful and more accurate than IgE to whole peanut to predict peanut allergy. Not all studies have used prospective samples, multiple components and oral challenges. Currently, there are no data on this topic involving Italian children. 32 patients (23 males; median age 9 years) with reported history for peanut allergy and evidence of peanut sensitization (skin prick test to peanut extract ≥ 3mm) have been analyzed for serum IgE to whole peanut and recombinant allergen components Ara h 1, 2, 3, 8, and 9 with Immuno CAP and completed an open oral food challenge with peanut. 12 (37.5%) children had a positive challenge to peanut and were considered allergic. No differences were seen between the median values of IgE to peanut, Ara h 1, 3, 8 and 9 in allergic and tolerant children to peanut challenge. Noteworthy, 5 of 20 tolerant children had IgE to peanut> 15 kUA/l which is commonly considered a predictive value of peanut allergy. Conversely, a significant difference was seen when comparing the median value of IgE to Ara h 2 in the two groups: 0.75 kUA/l (IQR: 0.22-4.34 kUA/l) in allergic children versus 0.1 kUA/l (IQR: 0.1-0.12 kUA/l) in tolerant ones (P
    Keywords: Allergy_Ara h 2_peanut_specific Ig E
  • Atefeh Shahbazi, Fatemeh Alikarami, Saeid Kargozar, Mohammad Hossein Asadi, Mohammad Taghi Joghataei, Mansoureh Soleimani, Majid Safa* Pages 167-177
    Human umbilical cord matrix (hUCM) is considered as a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to several advantages over other tissues. The potential of neural differentiation of hUCM-MSCs is of great interest in the context of treating neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to establish in vitro conditions for improving the differentiation of hUCM-MSCs toward neuronal cells. In the present study, we evaluated the neural differentiation potential of hUCM-MSCs in the presence of cAMP-elevating agents forskolin and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). hUCM-MSCs were isolated from fetal umbilical cord and characterized by flow cytometry analysis for mesenchymal specific markers. Mesodermal differentiation potential was assessed through selective media with lineage-specific induction factors. For assessment of neural differentiation, cells were cultured in the presence of cAMP-elevating agents for 8 and 24 h. The neuronal differentiated MSCs were characterized for neuronal specific markers by immunocytochemistry and western blotting. Isolated hUCM-MSCs were found positive for mesenchymal markers (CD73, CD90, and CD105) while negative for hematopoietic markers (CD34 and CD45) .Following neural induction, most cells represented neural-like cells morphology. Neural markers including β-tubulin III (Tuj-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) and nestin were expressed in treated cells with respect to control group. The astrocyte specific marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was also shown by immunofluorescence in treated cells. (These findings demonstrate that hUCM-MSCs have the ability to rapidly differentiate into neural cell types of neuron-like cells and astrocytes by cAMP-elevating agents without the presence of growth factors.
    Keywords: Umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells, neural differentiation, cAMP
  • Gholamreza Shafiee, Massoud Saidijam, Heidar Tavilani, Neda Ghasemkhani, Iraj Khodadadi* Pages 178-191
    Soybean isoflavone genistein has multiple anticancer properties and its pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects have been studied in different cancer cells. However, the mechanisms of action of genistein and its molecular targets on human colon cells have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, caspase-3 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) as the main therapeutic targets were investigated in this study at both gene expression and protein levels in HT29 colon cancer cells. The caspase-3 and p38 MAPK gene expression levels were examined by real time PCR whereas flow cytometry technique was performed to determine their intracellular protein levels. The caspase-3 enzyme activity was obtained by colorimetric method while the gelatinase activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) was determined by zymography. In addition, MTT test, wound healing assay and clonogenic assay were carried out to determine the effect of genistein on HT29 cell viability, migration, and proliferation, respectively. Genistein induced apoptotic death in HT29 cells through activation of caspase-3 pathway at the transcriptional, protein, and enzymatic levels. Moreover, genistein inhibited the proliferation of HT29 cells by reducing of both p38 MAPK gene expression and its active phosphorylated protein level. Also, we showed that genistein strongly suppressed the metastatic potency of HT29 colon cancer cells via the reduction of MMP2 activity. Based on the results of this study, we conclude that genistein may exhibit its anticancer properties on HT29 colon cancer cells by modulating caspase-3 and p38 MAPK pathway at different transcriptional and protein levels.
    Keywords: Apoptosis, Caspase, 3, Colonic neoplasms, Genistein, p38 Mitogen, Activated Protein Kinases
  • Soudeh Ghafouri, Fard, Feyzollah Hashemi, Gorji, Vahid Reza Yassaee, Nasrin Alipour, Mohammad Miryounesi* Pages 192-195
  • Azadeh Ahmadifard, Javad Jamshidi, Abbas Tafakhori, Zeinab Falsafi, Hossein Darvish* Pages 196-198