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International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine - Volume:6 Issue: 23, Summer 2017

International Journal of Molecular and Cellular Medicine
Volume:6 Issue: 23, Summer 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/08/01
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy, Mehrnoosh Khodaeian, Fatemeh Bitarafan, Bagher Larijani, Mahsa M.Amoli * Page 1
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most important health problems with increasing prevalence worldwide. Oxidative stress that is a result of imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant defense mechanisms has been demonstrated as a main pathology in DM. Hyperglycemia-induced ROS productions can induce oxidative stress through four major molecular mechanisms including, the polyol pathway, advanced glycation end-products formation, activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and the hexosamine pathways. In development of type 2 DM (T2DM) and its complications, genetic and environmental factors play important roles. Therefore, the aim of this review is to focus on assessment of single-nucleotide polymorphisms within antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, nitric oxide synthase, and NAD(P)H oxidase and their association with T2DM. The results will be helpful in understanding the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis of disease besides discovering new treatment approaches in management of DM.
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, antioxidants, polymorphism
  • Behnam Alipoor, Hamid Ghaedi, Reza Meshkani, Shahram Torkamandi, Sana Saffari, Mostafa Iranpour, Mir Davood Omrani * Page 2
    Although deregulation of miR-146a has been reported in type 2 diabetes repeatedly, the direction of deregulation events (up or down) remained to be inconsistent in literatures. Therefore, in this study, we performed a meta-analysis on the possible association between miR-146a expression levels and type 2 diabetes. A systematic literature searching of PubMed, ISI Web of Science and Google Scholar was performed up to the end of September 2016. Finally, a total of 12 studies including 344 diabetic patients and 316 controls were selected for meta-analysis. All statistical analysis was performed using the meta for package with R software. Moreover, publication bias was assessed by Egger’s and sensitivity analysis was applied on the meta-analysis. The results are presented as log10 odds ratios (logORs), 95% confidence intervals (CI) with relevant P values. The results revealed that miR-146a was downregulated in type 2 diabetes cases compared with normal subjects (P=0.01, logOR:-4.76, 95% CI:-8.41, -1.11). Furthermore, sub-group analysis showed that the association between miR-146a expression levels and type 2 diabetes in whole blood (P
    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes_microRNA-146a_meta-analysis
  • Narges Kalantari, Zahra Ahangar, Masoume Bayani *, Sepideh Siadati, Novin Nikbakhsh, Masoume Ghasemi, Taraneh Ghaffari, Salman Ghaffari Page 3
    Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy in women throughout the world. Similar to other cancers, a strong relationship between breast cancer and environmental factors such as infectious agents has been reported. Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite which may play a role in cancer induction. The present study aimed to investigate a possible association between a history of T. gondii infection and breast cancer by detecting T. gondii DNA in malignant and non-malignant breast and lymph nodes tissues from breast cancer patients with latent toxoplasmosis. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks from malignant/non-malignant breast and lymph nodes were obtained from twenty-nine breast cancer patients who were positive for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgG). FFPE tissue blocks were deparaffinized by hot water method, and DNA was extracted. A conventional PCR analysis was performed to amplify partial regions of T. gondii B1 and REP-529 genes. Ninety-three samples from 29 patients were examined. All patients were negative for anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgM). T. gondii DNA was detected in 3 (10.3%) patients by PCR analysis of either B1 or REP-529 genes. These include two malignant breast and one normal lymph node samples. Sequence analysis of these genes showed a good similarity with previously published B1 and REP-529 sequences of T. gondii in NCBI GenBank. This study did not find any association between T. gondii infection and breast cancer. Furthermore, it is the first molecular identification of T. gondii in FFPE tissue samples obtained from breast cancer patients.
    Keywords: Breast cancer, FFPE tissues, PCR, T. gondii, women
  • Shewata Pandita *, Deepshikha Maurya, Vijaya Ramachandran, Jyotsna Verma, Sudha Kohli, Renu Saxena, Ishwer Chander Verma Page 4
    Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by a significant phenotypic variability in progression of the disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been reported to play a major role in renal pathophysiology. The aim of the present case-control study was to evaluate the association of two promoter polymorphisms (-2578C>A and -1154G>A) of VEGF gene and ADPKD. Genotyping was carried out in 123 ADPKD patients and 100 healthy controls, using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP). The genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies of these two polymorphisms in ADPKD patients were compared with those in controls, as well as in patients with early and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages, using Chi-square (χ2) test. The distribution frequency of CC, CA and AA genotypes of -2578C>A polymorphism differed significantly between patients and controls (0.31, 0.63 and 0.06 vs 0.37, 0.44 and 0.19, respectively (P= 0.003)), but not significantly different genotype distribution was observed for the -1154G>A polymorphism. The A allele of -2578C>A and G allele of -1154G>A, were significantly more present in the controls as compared to the patients, and may provide protection for CKD under recessive (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.45-9.62; P= 0.0042), and dominant (OR, 0.55; 95%CI, 0.31-0.98; P= 0.041) models. The [A;G] haplotype was more frequently present in controls (18%) than in cases (8%), (OR 0.398; 95% CI 0.22-0.71; P= 0.002). These results suggest that the two promoter polymorphisms of VEGF may modify the disease risk in ADPKD patients from North India.
    Keywords: ADPKD, VEGF gene, chronic kidney disease, haplotype, North Indian
  • Valeria Dipasquale *, Maria Concetta Cutrupi, Laura Colavita, Sara Manti, Caterina Cuppari, Carmelo Salpietro Page 5
    The pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) likely involves genetic and environmental factors, impacting the complex neurodevelopmental and behavioral abnormalities of the disorder. Scientific researches emerging within the past two decades suggest that immune dysfunction and inflammation have pathogenic influences through different mechanisms, all leading to both a chronic state of low grade inflammation and alterations in the central nervous system and immune response, respectively. The high mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) is an inflammatory marker which has been shown to play a role in inducing and influencing neuroinflammation. Current evidences suggest a possible role in the multiple pathogenic mechanisms of ASD. The aim of this manuscript is to review the major hypothesis for ASD pathogenesis, with specific regards to the immunological ones, and to provide a comprehensive review of the current data about the association between HMGB1 and ASD. A systematic search has been carried out through Medline via Pubmed to identify all original articles published in English, on the basis of the following keywords: “HMGB1”, “autism”, “autism spectrum disorder”, “neuroinflammation”, and “child”.
    Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, high mobility group box-1, marker, neuroinflammation, immunity
  • Zohreh Khodaii, Sayyed Mohammad Hossein Ghaderian, Mahboobeh Mehrabani Natanzi * Page 6
    Probiotic microorganisms have attracted a growing interest for prevention and therapy of gastrointestinal disorders. Many probiotic strains have been shown to inhibit growth and metabolic activity of enteropathogenic bacteria as well as their adhesion and invasion to intestinal cells. In the present study, we evaluated the interference of bacteria-free supernatants (BFS) of cultures belonging to sixteen strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, with invasion of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) strain, by using human colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines, T84 and Caco2 cells. To assess invasion of Caco-2 and T84 cells by EIEC, and measure the number of pathogens inside the enterocytes, the gentamicin protection assay was conducted. In addition, three different invasion inhibition assays were designed; namely co-incubation, pre-incubation and treatment with the BFS of probiotics. Data obtained and theoretical calculation showed that the most effective assay in the prevention of pathogen invasion was treatment with BFS. Besides, co-incubation assay was more valid than pre-incubation assay in invasion prevention. The obtained results suggest that probiotics may produce some metabolites that strongly prevent invasion of enteroinvasive E.coli into the small and large intestine. Also, probiotics are able to compete with or exclude pathogen invasion.
    Keywords: Probiotics, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, Caco-2 cells, T84 cells, adhesion
  • Local Allergic Rhinitis in Pediatric Patients: is IgE Dosage in Nasal Lavage Fluid a Usefull Diagnostic Method in Children?
    Laura Colavita *, Natalia Catalano, Giovanna Sposito, Saverio Loddo, Bruno Galletti, Carmelo Salpietro, Francesco Galletti, Caterina Cuppari Page 7
    Local Allergic Rhinitis (LAR) is an emerging disease. However, its incidence in the pediatric population has not yet been studied. The gold-standard for the diagnosis is the nasal provocation test that is not everywhere available and difficult to apply in children. The aim of our study is to evaluate the nasal lavage fluid IgE as a biomarker of LAR in children. 54 pediatric patients [IQR 4.0-12.0 years] were divided into 3 groups: study group (26 children with rhinitis symptoms and without evidence of systemic atopy); allergic rhinitis (AR) group (15 children) and 13 healthy controls (HC). Every child was subjected to nasal lavage using 2 ml/nostril of the physiologic saline solution, that was therefore analyzed by ImmunoCAP to obtain the IgE concentration. Rhinofibroscopy and nasal cytology were performed. Our data show the presence of higher value of nasal lavage fluid IgE (average of 6.005 UI/ml; range: 4.47-7.74 UI/ml) in 16 out of 26 patients of the study group who therefore may be classified as affected by LAR. We observed a statistically significant difference (P
    Keywords: Local allergic rhinitis, nasal lavage fluid, IgE, children, non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES)