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Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences - Volume:9 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

Jundishapur Journal of Health Sciences
Volume:9 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/10/11
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Seyed Mohammad Daryanoosh, Gholamreza Goudarzi, Atefeh Harbizadeh, Heshmatollah Nourmoradi, Ata Allh Vaisi, Houshang Armin, Shahram Sadeghi, Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi * Page 1
    Background
    Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter lower than 10 µm (PM10) has the most undesired adverse effects on human health. Several studies reported a strong correlation between PM levels and hospital admissions owing to chronic and acute respiratory and cardiovascular diseases..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to estimate the effect of PM10 as a primary pollutant on respiratory and cardiovascular hospitalizations in Ilam, Iran, in 2013..
    Methods
    PM10 data was taken from the Ilam environmental protection agency. The annual morbidity including hospital admission for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases due to PM10 exposure were estimated using relative risk (RR) and baseline incidence (BI) based on world health organization (WHO) databases for AirQ2.2.3 model..
    Results
    The results showed that the maximum level of PM10 was obtained in summer with a concentration of 491 μg/m3. The cumulative number of excess cases admitted to the hospital for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases were 216 and 84, respectively. Approximately 3.95% of the cases hospitalized due to PM10 occurred during days with concentration levels lower than 20 μg/m3. The highest rate of person-days related to PM10 that led to heath effect among Ahvaz inhabitants was in concentration levels of 40 - 49 µg/m3..
    Conclusions
    To reduce the impacts of particulate matter on health status of people in Ilam, necessary training by health systems should be conducted for people, especially those with chronic lung and heart diseases, the elderly and children to reduce their activities on the dusty days..
    Keywords: Respiratory Disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, Particulate Matter, AirQ Software
  • Peymaneh Habibi, Azam Amanallahi, Fatemeh Islami, Fahimeh Naimzadeh, Habiboallah Dehghan* Page 2
    Background
    Some environmental factors such as the ambient temperature, radiant temperature, humidity and air velocity as well as clothing and activity level are effective to induce heat strain on the workers..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of air velocity on Iranian veiled females at various exercise intensities and climatic conditions..
    Methods
    The current experimental study was conducted on 51 healthy veiled females with Islamic clothing (n = 30) in two hot-dry climatic chambers (wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) = 32 ± 0.1°C and WBGT = 30 ± 0.1°C, 40% relative humidity (RH) without air velocity and (n = 21) with air velocity 0.31 m/s in sitting and light workload conditions, respectively, for 60 minutes. The WBGT, oral temperature and heart rate were measured simultaneously every five minutes during the heat exposure and resting state. Data were analyzed using correlation and line regression by SPSS ver. 16..
    Results
    In both groups, oral temperature and heart rate increased during heat exposure. The increase of oral temperature and heart rate were larger in the group with air velocity (sitting position, 37.05 ± 0.20°C, 98.30 ± 7.79 bpm, light workload, 37.34 ± 0.24°C, 124.08 ± 6.09 bpm) compared those of the group without air velocity (sitting position, 36.70 ± 0.36°C, 69.74 ± 0.98 bpm, light workload, 36.71 ± 0.27°C, 110.78 ± 17.9 bpm). The difference in physiological strain index (PSI) between resting and low workload were higher in with air velocity group than those of the group without air velocity..
    Conclusions
    The results showed that the heat stress increased by increasing air velocity and humidity in both groups. The air velocity with high humidity can be considered as a positive factor in the occurrence of heat strain. Therefore, the incidence of heat stress decreases with the increase of humidity and reduction of air velocity or with increase of air velocity and reduction of humidity in Iranian veiled females..
    Keywords: Air Velocity, Physiological Strain Index, Climatic Chamber, Veiled Females
  • Farzana Saleh*, Fadia Afnan, Ferdous Ara, Shirin J. Mumu, Ak Azad Khan Page 3
    Background
    Diabetes education provided by physicians in Bangladesh has some limitations, and its impacts on self-management are unclear. These prompted the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh (BADAS) to train 100 diabetes educators to improve the diabetes self-care activities of patients and to pilot the effects of the education..
    Objectives
    In this context, the current study aimed to assess the impact of diabetes education to improve knowledge on and attitudes towards diabetes and self-care activities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)..
    Methods
    The pretest-posttest study recruited 500 newly-diagnosed patients with T2DM by convenience method from 19 healthcare centers of BADAS. They received a one-hour diabetes education only once at the time of registration to the hospital. A four-part interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and self-care activities in the patients with diabetes. The observed changes were compared after 18 months of the intervention and psychological support, in knowledge, attitudes and self-care activities among 458 (91.6%) patients with the mean age of 52.3 ± 11.4 years..
    Results
    After the intervention, the mean score of knowledge (8.5 ± 2.6 vs. 5.5 ± 2.9) and attitudes (85.7 ± 6.1 vs. 79.9 ± 6.5) of the patients improved significantly (P = 0.0001). About 67.7%, 85.2%, 82.8% and 92.1% of the patients were monitored for blood glucose, doing exercises, taking foot care and smoking withdrawal whereas the rates were 8.3%, 69.2%, 25.8% and 86.7%, respectively before the intervention; a significant difference was observed between the measures. Consumption of betel nuts increased at the posttest compared to that of the pretest (73.4% vs. 70.7%). About 25.5% followed the dietary advice given by dietitians whereas it was only 5.2% at the pretest; there were significant changes between the pretest and posttest measures in this regard (P = 0.0001). One-third of the subjects took meals at a certain time; the number slightly decreased compared to the pretest. Around 36% of the patients weighted food before eating compared to 37.6% at the pretest. There was a significant difference regarding the certain time and weighting food before eating between pretest and posttest measures (P = 0.001)..
    Conclusions
    Diabetes education enhances the knowledge of patients and changes their attitudes towards all aspects of DM. It also helps them to improve some aspects of diabetes self-care activities..
    Keywords: Health Behavior_Health Education_Knowledge_Attitudes_Practice_Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  • Sadegh Ghasemi *, Roya Mafi Gholami, Mohsen Yazdanian Page 4
    Background
    Heavy metals pollution is a serious threat to environment and human health. Therefore, it is vital to find an effective method to remove heavy metals from natural resources..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to investigate the adsorption capacity of cadmium from synthetic solution by tea waste as a biomass..
    Methods
    The experiments were conducted in batch system and the effect of pH, adsorbent quantity, contact time and the initial concentration of cadmium were examined. The most common isotherms and kinetics of adsorption were applied to analyze cadmium adsorption and the reaction rate. Moreover, morphological characteristics before and after the adsorption process and also molecular structures of tea waste were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR); also, the surface area size of tea waste was measured using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)..
    Results
    According to the results, the maximum efficiency of cadmium adsorption was 99.50% obtained in pH of 5 and contact time of 90 minutes and 10 g/L of adsorbent. With the increase of initial concentration of cadmium, the amount of the adsorbed metal increased, but the removal percentage decreased. Data for this study indicated a good correspondence with both isotherms of Longmire and Freundlich. The analysis of kinetic indicated that cadmium adsorption was consistent with the second-degree kinetic adsorption model..
    Conclusions
    According to the high efficiency of cadmium elimination by tea waste, this approach is applicable as an efficient and affordable trend to remove cadmium from aqueous solution without any chemical or physical pre-treatment..
    Keywords: Cadmium Biosorption, Tea Waste, Kinetic, Isotherm of Adsorption
  • Mahmoud Rahdar*, Elham Al Sadat Roointan, Babak Vazirianzadeh, Alireza Alborzi Page 5
    Background
    Rodents are the largest group of mammalian species with a world-wide distribution. They play an important role in transport of several pathogenic agents to human. Continuous traffic between indoors and outdoors results in the presence of high internal parasitic infection among rodents. More than 200 zoonotic diseases have been identified. Among these zoonotic diseases, parasitic infections have been considered by many investigators..
    Objectives
    This study was carried out to identify internal parasites in rodents and their probable role in the transport of zoonotic parasitic diseases in the human community..
    Methods
    Thirty rodents including Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Tatera indica were captured by rat live traps from different parts of Ahvaz southwest of Iran. A parasitic sample was collected from gastrointestinal tracts, blood, muscles and brains. Giemsa staining and merthiolate iodine formaldehyde (MIF) method were done for tissue and feces samples, respectively..
    Results
    All studied rodents were infected at least by one parasite. The collected parasites included: three species of Cestodes, eight species of nematodes, one species of Acanthocephala and three genera of protozoan parasites. Hymenolepis nana and Strongyloides ratti were predominant parasites in the studied rodents..
    Conclusions
    Rodents play an important role in the transfer of zoonotic parasite diseases, especially those that live near human habitats. Control of rodent population in the city should be considered to decrease risk of transmission..
    Keywords: Rodentia, Parasites, Ahvaz
  • Davood Afshari, Samira Kord *, Seyed Mahmood Latifi, Ghasem Mardi Page 6
    Background
    Manual handling may cause workers to deal with various risk factors. Workers performing such tasks repeatedly for a long time are more prone to bodily injuries and physical problems such as back pain..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to assess the compressive loads estimation and analysis of forces exerted on the workers’ back in manual load lifting tasks using the national institute for occupational safety and health (NIOSH) equation and compare them with the recommended weight limit (RWL)..
    Methods
    It was a cross-sectional study in a laboratory setting on 15 healthy male workers in 2015. The participants were required to randomly perform 25 tasks with four iterations. The lifting index (LI) was calculated by NIOSH equation in simple tasks and compressive loads on the low back (L4/L5) for each task were calculated using the 3DSSPP. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16..
    Results
    The results showed that the highest compressive force exerted on the back was equal to 4002 N and the lowest force 1425 N. Moreover, 76% of the tasks were reported to have the highest compressive force greater than the recommended limit; 72% of the tasks had an LI 1 - 3 and 28% of them had an LI less than 1. There was a weak direct correlation between compressive force and RWL..
    Conclusions
    The NIOSH equation and compressive force estimation function were partially similar to identify high-risk tasks, however, by the compressive force estimation, biomechanical analysis of tasks can be done better since it is quantitative and can determine the exact amount of forces exerted on the back..
    Keywords: NIOSH Lifting Equation, Spine Spine Loads, Compressive Force, 3DSSPP, Manual Material Handling
  • Majid Karandish, Marzie Zilaee, Alireza Momeni, Mojdeh Fathi * Page 7
    Background
    Different methods are used for adequate fluid intake assessment, while there is no standard method for adequate fluid intake assessment..
    Objectives
    The current pilot study aimed to evaluate the amount, type and frequency of fluids consumption to determine the correlation between three- and seven-day records..
    Methods
    This pilot cross-sectional study was done on 30 adult subjects in Ahvaz, Iran during year 2014. Demographic data were collected via a questionnaire and fluids consumption was assessed with a seven days records questionnaire. For data analyses the SPSS 16 software was used..
    Results
    Results of this cross-sectional study showed that the average total daily fluids consumption was 1.6 liter. Total fluids consumption for each subject on average in three and seven days was 4.5 and 11 liter, respectively. Water was the major fluid, which the participants consumed and tea was the second item. Total amount and frequency of fluids intake were not significantly different between three and seven-day records (P = 0.287), (P = 0.546)..
    Conclusions
    This study showed that there was no significant difference between the record of seven and three days of fluids consumption in the participants and it is suggested that three-day records is useful in order to determine fluids intake..
    Keywords: Fluids, Food Records, Water, Tea, Milk
  • Hossein Hatami, Abdolkazem Neisi, Mohsen Kooti * Page 8
    Background
    Ahvaz metropolitan as an industrial pole and special geopolitical location is vulnerable to miscellaneous disasters. Public health centers are one of the most important units that should have necessary preparedness against disasters and crisis..
    Objectives
    The current study aimed to determine functional, structural and non-structural preparedness of public health centers against natural and manmade disasters at all levels, rural health houses, rural and urban health centers and the Iranian health centers..
    Materials And Methods
    The current descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on about 47 rural health houses, rural and urban health centers and Iranian health centers of Ahvaz city (western and eastern regions). A checklist of Iran ministry of health, field observation and interview methods were used for data collection. Functional preparedness included crisis management framework, planning, insurance coverage, event management system, public services, education and manure. Non-structural preparedness was assessed in three levels as desirable, mid desirable and undesirable. Structural preparedness included instruments, structures and facilities of the health centers. All calculations were performed by excel software..
    Results
    Risk rate, functional, non-structural and structural preparedness and final safety level were 58.62%, 51.48%, 54.82%, 33.97%, and 43.72%, respectively..
    Conclusions
    According to the results, the Iranian public health centers preparedness against disasters before, during and after accidents were in safety level 4 from 10, which was undesirable..
    Keywords: Preparedness, Disasters, Functional, Structural, Non, Structural, Safety