نشریه رویش روان شناسی
سال هشتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 36، خرداد 1398)

One of the essential concepts that have been studied so far, but there is no clear paradigm about it, is the relationship between culture and psychopathology. The study of the relationship between these two concepts has produced contradictory results so far. In the About explanation of psychopathology explanation, attention is focused on the medical model, and it is now used more often, but new attempts have been made to address psychopathologies from different angles, especially from a sociocultural perspective. In this study, we will explain the relationship between culture and psychopathology with an emphasis on sleep disorders. At first, a brief introduction of the subject matter, then cultural conceptualization and pathology, and explaining the relationship between these two, and finally, specifically on the impact of culture on sleep disorders.

The purpose of this study was to investigate Learning disability diagnostic validation by Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities in Ahvaz city. Statistical Society this study includes all male and female students with learning disabilities from the first to fifth grade of elementary school in Ahvaz. In the academic year 2012-2013, from the state and non-governmental centers, the individual learning problems of the city received special educational-therapeutic services. The research sample consisted of 60 students with learning disabilities who were selected through purposeful sampling. For data collection was completed the fourth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale and Scaled cognitive abilities, Woodcock-Johnson III version was used. The descriptive study design was of similar causal type. The information gathering method was fieldwork and individual and face-to-face method; Direction data analysis descriptive statistics methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation were used. The results of the research showed that student intelligence unable to learn "active memory" and "total scale" Less than usual students there is also a significant difference between the similarities, vocabulary, understanding, information, Reasoning word, image Concepts, Number capacity, Number sequence -Character and symbolism. There are equal learning scores in learning disabilities and the factors of similarities, vocabulary, understanding, information,  reasoning word, Image concepts, number capacity,  number sequence - letter and symbolizing in diagnosis, students with learning disabilities have diagnostic validity.

This study with the aim of the Effect of jigsaw’s teaching method on student’s relation and school bonding has been done. The study sample included 60 boy students in the 4hth grade of primary level (30 test and 30 control groups) have been that within Tehran’s 12th district schools. Both test and control groups were administered student’s relation, school bonding, and test anxiety pre-test & post-test — the test group teacher on jigsaw’s teaching method. Test outcomes analyzed by Ancova and one Mantova and result from showed that jigsaw’s teaching method had been effected on student’s relation and school bonding on students. The researcher suggests using jigsaw’s teaching method on the whole schools because this method can help students in their study process and social bonding.

The present study was conducted to compare executive function and cognitive flexibility and  theory of mind in foster and non-foster children. The study population included all and non-foster children in Azarshahr city in 2016. The number of participants included 42 people selected using purposeful sampling. The Tower of Hanoi test and reading mind test by eye image (RMET) were used as a measurement tool. The results showed that executive function scores (p<0.05, F (1)=15.00, 18.95) are higher in non-foster children. In addition, scores of mind theory became significant (t=2.75, df=40, p<0.05). Comparing mean in two foster and non-foster children at the significance level suggests that theory of mind in non-foster children is high. It seems that foster children in executive function are weaker than non-foster children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of teaching metacognitive strategies on self-esteem, perceived competency and mental health of gifted girls of middle school students. The research method was quasi-experimental and pre-test and post-test design with two groups. The statistical population of this study was 1172 high school students In the Karaj city in the academic year of 2016-17. 32 of them were randomly selected in the group. The instruments used in this study were SEI, SPPC & GHQ. At first, three tests accomplished with samples. Then the metacognitive strategies were learned to the experimental group for 60 minutes in 6 sessions. After that, both group members accomplished post-test and after 30 days, follow up was taken. The data from pre-test, post-test and follow up were analyzed using covariance analysis. The findings of this study showed that teaching metacognitive strategies were effective on increasing self-esteem, perceived competency and improving mental health (P<0.05).

Life skills play important role in promoting mental abilities for regulating emotions, self awareness and social adaption in adolescents. The aim of this study was examination of effectiveness life skills training on emotional disorders (anxiety and depression) among boy high school students in bahmaie. the research is semi-pilot and pretest-posttest type with a control group. Among all high school boy students in Bahmaei 3 schools were chosen  randomly. All student of  third grade from these school were examined by Depression,Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) .Sixty students from whose that received between 42-84,were selected  randomly and they located in  experimental group (30) and control group (30). Life skills training program was held in 10 sessions for students in experimental group. Analysis of covariance was used to examine this hypothesis. analysis of experimental group before and after training revealed significant difference in anxiety (F=8/43 and p<0/005) and depression (F=12/56 and p<0/001). According to this study life skills training reduces anxiety and depression in boy high schools students.

Today, because of stress and changes in lifestyle, stress has become a common phenomenon and complex. The aim of the present study was to the prediction of job stress in teachers based on forgiveness and thought control strategies and their relationships with stress. The population consisted of all primary school teachers in the academic year 2015-2016 and according to Morgan table, a total of 123 people selected by stage cluster sampling. The correlational method was used. Research tools were: Forgiveness Scale, Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ) and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS). All data were analyzed with statistical methods, Pearson's coefficient of correlation, stepwise multiple regression by SPSS software. The results indicated that forgiveness is negatively related to stress. Also, the elements of self-punishment, fear, and distraction (the components of mind control) are positively related to teachers stress and the components of social control and re-evaluation are negatively related to teachers stress. It showed that teachers with higher levels of forgiveness would experience less stress, as well as teachers with a higher level of self-punishment, fear and distraction would experience more stress and a finally higher level of social control and re-evaluation would cause less stress.

This research aimed to investigate the role of academic emotions in subjective wellbeing of high school students. This study was a descriptive – analytical from the type of correlation. The statistical population included all secondary students of Urmia city in 2016-17 academic years that from them 379 persons were selected through multistep cluster sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires of academic emotions (Pekrun & et al., 2002) and subjective wellbeing (Renshaw & et al., 2015). Data analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with stepwise model methods. The findings showed there was a positive and significant relationship between positive academic emotion and all dimensions of them means enjoyment, hope, and pride with subjective wellbeing of students and a negative and significant relationship between negative academic emotion and all dimensions of them means anger, anxiety, shame, hopelessness and boredom with subjective wellbeing of students. Also, the positive and negative academic emotions could predict 36/4 percent, and the dimensions of positive and negative academic emotions could predict 39/4 percent of the variance of subjective wellbeing of students (P<0/01). So to increase the subjective wellbeing of students can increase the rate of positive academic emotions and decrease the rate of negative academic emotions through workshops.

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the role of locus of control and social problem-solving competence in predicting students’ achievement motivation in Karaj, Iran. The present study is of the correlational research type. The research population includes all female and male students in District four in Karaj, from among whom 200 students (100 female students and 100 male students) were selected as the sample with the multistage cluster sampling method. For assessment of the research variables, Hermens’ (1970) achievement motivation questionnaire, Rotter’s (1966) locus of control scale, and the revised short-form social problem-solving questionnaire were used. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results of the research demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between locus of control and achievement motivation and all the social problem-solving components except the impulsiveness component. Furthermore, the results of regression analysis demonstrated that locus of control and problem-solving competence are potent predictors of achievement motivation.

The purpose of this study was to compare A and B personality types based on the motivation of participating in sports activities in athletic and non-athlete girls. One hundred students from Alzahra University were selected randomly in two groups of physical education (50 students) and non-physical education (50 students) in the academic year 1395-96 to conduct this study. The research method was descriptive. A questionnaire of personality type A / B (Berner Reuter) and a participation motivation questionnaire (PMQ) was used for data collection. The results of independent t-test showed that the motivation of sports participation A personality types in athletes and non-athletes was significantly higher than B personality types motivation in both groups. It was also shown in other comparisons that there was no significant difference between athletes 'and non-athletes’ in A and B personality types. These results confirm that personality type can affect the motivation to participate in sports activities.

The aim of this study was to providing a model for prediction of shyness through Alexithymia, feeling of loneliness and social identity in student high school girls and research method was structural equation modeling (SEM). Participants in this study were 2400 high school girls in Gorgan. The required information was extracted by Toronto alexithymia scale TAS-20, Russell Loneliness Scale (UCLA), Saffarinia ΄s social identity questionnaire and shyness revised chick-Briggs scale. The results showed that Alexithymia (0.11), the feeling of loneliness (0.12) and social identity (-0.19) have a direct impact on shyness. In general, the model was approved, and variables can predict 0.24 of shyness. Concerning the effect, it can be concluded that the students have experience in Alexithymia and feelings of loneliness in this disorder and the acquisition of a social identity can be effective in social interactions.

Reading is the most critical and complicated learning activity for children in the first years of school and is the basis of all various learning. Reading disorder is the most common kind of learning disorder. The working memory outstanding deficiency is proven in who are affected by the reading disorder in different projects. Working memory is the most important cognitive process which is the basis of thought and learning and plays an effective role in learning reading and math for children. Studies about children with learning disorder have shown that deficiencies in working memory are related to reading, writing and mathematics disabilities. Therefore, to design effective interference for this group of children besides reading-skill-centered activities, providing opportunities to reinforce working memory seems also essential.

The goal of the present research was to compare cognitive-emotional aspects of personality based on Cloninger’s model with those of antidepressant users including SSRI and TCA drugs. To do so, Cloninger’s TCI-56 questionnaire was given to 229 subjects (drug-dependent, depressed and normal subjects groups, 72, 86 and 71, respectively), who were selected with accessible method. Following the matching of the depressed subjects, the 86 depressed individuals were divided into two groups (43 individuals per group receiving SSRI and TCA drugs). Results showed no significant relationship between temperament of the dependent and normal groups while in character aspect there was significant relationship between self-directedness. Also, dependent subjects had a higher self-directedness compared to other groups. Also, SSRI users compared to TCA users showed significant difference in harm avoidance and reward dependence in such a way that harm avoidance was higher in SSRI group than the TCA group and, conversely, reward dependence was higher in TCA group than SSRI group. Although there were some differences in the mean scores of the each drug groups, no significant differences were observed in novelty-seeking, persistence, self-directedness, cooperation and self-transcendence.

During last years, a growing body of research has been conducted into mindfulness-based therapies. This review aimed to examine the impact of mindfulness-based interventions upon the Iranian. Therefore, in the literature reviews from 1391 to 1397, the mentioned treatment was the main one. Then, upon detailed investigation of the studies, some recommendations is offered in order to improve methodological quality of individual studies or logical links among therapeutic elements.

The effectiveness and significance of working memory in the academic achievement and efficacy of students is indisputable. In memory studies, the working Memory Model (Baddeley, 2000) is a multivariate one with an emphasis on short and long term memory with a computational view. This recent view has made memory a more significant in academic performance, because it has an unbreakable link with the learning of important three aspects (reading, writing, and mathematics). working memory naturally has limitations such as space, time and efforts. This paper first dealt with historical studies with memory studies. Then, a multivariate working memory model was proposed, and its significance and role in academic achievement is investigated. Finally, in relation with natural limitations of working memory, some strategies appropriate with curriculum (content, teaching methods, and assessment methods) were presented.

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy that people because of belief to being special and unique, interpersonal problems and empathy are faced.
The present paper is studying the conceptualization and diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder in DSM-5 main Section (Section II) and Alternative model (Section III) and tried to base on five components including in nature (healthy, pathological), phenotype (grandiosity, vulnerability), expression (overt, covert), structure (category, dimension), comorbidity, validity, and clinical benefit was compared the NPD in two DSM-5 sections. The conceptualization and diagnosis of NPD in DSM-5 Section II, has weaknesses and limitations such as; the lack of attention to the natural and pathological nature of narcissism, the emphasis on the grandiosity phenotype of this structure and the disregard of its vulnerability, Neglecting overt and covert expressions of clinical symptoms, the categorical approach to diagnosis, the defect in specify this disorder of other personality disorders and the underestimate of prevalence rate. In contrast, the alternative model in section III has a more comprehensive theoretical, dimensional, and diagnostic conceptualization than the central part, and provides appropriate criteria consider to the function and personality pathology in A and B criteria and has better diagnostic benefits. The alternative model in DSM-5 Section III seems to be a suitable substitute for diagnosis of narcissistic personality disorder in the later versions of DSM, after gaining the validity and integrity with experiences of clinical experts and with care in various types and dimensions of narcissism, can be effective on the diagnostic challenges of clinicians.

The present paper makes some attempts to provide a psychological reading of Prophet Muhammad’s Night Journey, introducing it as a perfect example of the psychological and spiritual flourishing model. Although some flourishing models have been formerly proposed by psychologists like Maslow, Rogers, Jung, and Freud, they have merely emphasized self-actualization and individuation which seem somehow ambiguous constructs that have not been deeply explained. To accomplish the current study, in addition to the Holy Quran, Ahadith, and Miraj-Namehs, the mystical texts and the constructs of depth psychology were scrutinized. Through an analytical approach, it was demonstrated that the inner sense of Mohammad’s ascent to heaven might refer to human's relationship with Self and the actualization of innate flourishing potentials. Flourishing requires transcending and going through mystical stages symbolized as Seven Heavens. Together with the heavenly journey, as the vertical flight of the purified soul, the earthly journey from Kaaba to Jerusalem (horizontal journey) was also analyzed. Ultimately, the Night Journey can be introduced as a novel model of flourishing in positive psychology from Islamic perspective; and it may be approached through field research and historical research in future studies.

The present study seeks to adapt Bandura’s theory of visual learning processes in the Quran. This theory is one of the most important theories in educational psychology. The main thrust of the present study, is, thus, to adapt visual learning processes in the Quran. More specifically, an attempt is made to determine which Quranic verses and conceptions correspond to the four visual learning processes suggested by Bandura. In order to accomplish this, an analytical-deductive research design is adopted. Given the objectives, the present study could be considered as a Quranic study. The findings suggest that visual learning is used in ethics and in the implementation of religious teachings. In addition, the findings indicate that it is possible to relate each visual learning process to specific verses and discussions contained in the Quran. Note that in this study, each stage is adapted according to the Quran

The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT(on the body image in men with overweight and obesity. This study employed a semi-experimental study design with pretest and posttest and the control group, in which of the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT(techniques to improve body image in men with overweight and obesity men aged 18 to 40 years who referred to  nutrition and weight-loss clinic in the 94-93 year in Tehran in،was stood. In this study, the convenience sampling method was used based on purpose. So that among the men who had the criteria of an entrance to the study, 30 people with the score of 46 to 170(bad and average)on body image questionnaire MBSRQ selected and randomly divided into two groups (each group, n = 16), were counted. People who are in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions each was 2 hours once a week, the control group did not receive any treatment. After the surgery, post-test was performed on both groups. The results of the analysis of covariance indicate the effectiveness of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on body image is effective (p <0/05). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT(can improve body image in men with overweight and obesity.

The present study investigated Effectiveness of resiliency training on enhancing Residential new entrant's girl students' adjustment. Undergraduate in Razi university of Kermanshah in 2013-2014 educational years. To perform this study, available sampling was used, and then to replace the two control and experimental groups of subjects were used of simple randomly sampling. In this study used of Conner & Davidson resiliency and SACQ questionnaires. 30 students that earn scores less than average in SACQ were select and replaces randomly in tow control and experimental groups. 12 group sessions Resiliency skills training were conducted for experimental group and after the intervention, both groups were tested. The research was experimental design and statistical methods for data analysis of covariance were used. Findings showed that resiliency training significantly p<0/001 increases adjustment in experimental group, While such achangeisnot observed in the control group's conclusion we can say that resiliency trainings effective in reducing student's homesickness.

The purpose of current study is to compare the emotional intelligence and adaptation of pre-school students who have experienced kindergarten with those who have not experienced it. The study population includes all junior high school students of Robat Karim, Tehran. The present study sample was stratified random sampling method and was randomized equally disproportionate between  students with kindergarten experience and 72 students who have not enrolled in kindergarten.Regarding its purpose, the current study is causal - comparative.Instrument: Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire of Shutte et al. shot and Compatibility Questionnaire of Sina and Sing were utilized both of which were confirmed from the reliability and validity point of view.To analyze the data, descriptive statistics including average and SD as well as Inferential statistics including MANOVA and Pearson’s Correlation Coordinate were used. Statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS v.21.Research EI and adaptability of students who have child care experience, the ones that do not have child care experience, the better. E.I, adaptability and all the parameters of emotional intelligence and adaptability of students who have enrolled in kindergarten programs is higher than those who have not experienced it.Suggestion: It is recommended that research to be conducted with other variables in line with the current study. Parents who want their children to enjoy the kindergarten experience advantages should take into account the factors such as the child's physical and mental condition, age of the child to enter kindergarten, duration of stay in kindergartens and nursery facilities, conditions that they expect their children to have, and plan for it.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between cognitive beliefs and self-efficacy and test anxiety in secondary school students at Public Schools in Tonekabon city.  The statistical population included all fourth-year female students in public schools at TonekabonThat 180 students were selected as sample by using random clustering sampling. Tools of the research were, Inventory cognitive beliefs, self-efficacy and test anxiety. According to appropriate validity, reliability coefficient was obtained .75, .85, .94.  A research method is a descriptive and correlation type and used for the analysis of data obtained included mean, standard deviation, frequency table, diagram and inferential statistics that include Pearson correlation coefficient and Regression equation. The results showed that: There isn't a relationship between positive beliefs about worry and anxiety in test in students. There isn't a relationship between consciousness cognitive and anxiety in a test. There is a positive relationship between trust cognitive and anxiety in test in students. There is a positive relationship between negative beliefs about the uncontrollability of treatment and anxiety in test in students. There is a positive relationship between beliefs about the need to thought of control anxiety in test in students. There is a negative relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety in test in students. Thus, the number of cognitive beliefs, awareness of learning, curriculum, examination and self-education increase, on the positive side, also reduced exam anxiety and even a person responds to exam calmly and gets a good result.

Autism is one of the new emerging diseases in the world, and children who has it are one of the most vulnerable groups in the community. Appropriate urban spaces for the use of these particular children are always discussed in the whole world. In this research, we are going to take a step further in order to achieve optimal solutions for creating favorable urban spaces for children with autism. The research method in this paper is descriptive-analytic and uses a survey method, a questionnaire tool, Swat models (SWOT) and genetic analysis and different statistical techniques to provide optimal strategies. The results show that in Iran, in order to create favorable urban spaces for children, autism has a high vulnerability to weaknesses and at the same time, there are great potential for achieving perfection.

Somatization is a somatoform disorder, which medical examinations are not able to explain its reason. In the present research, the role of Defensive style and Emotion regulation was investigated in somatization disorder. This descriptive and correlational study was conducted on all students studying at University of Tabriz in the academic year 2015-2016. A total of 380 subjects were selected using stratified random sampling method. In this research, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Defense Style Questionnaire and Somatization Questionnaire (PHQ-15),were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and simultaneous regression analysis. The correlation results showed that emotional repression and immature  and neuroticism defense style has a significant positive relationship with somatization. Also, based on the results of simultaneous regression analysis, emotional repression and immature defense style had the greatest ability to predict somatization disorder. The findings of this research revealed that factors, such as Defensive style and Emotion regulation should be considered in the treatment of somatization disorder.

Feminist psychotherapy has an existentialistic and egalitarian approach to human beings. It focuses on the continuous interchange between the psychological, social and biological aspects of Mankind. The recent trends of feminist psychotherapy succeed in multicultural affairs.
Islam has acclaimed some of the Feminist demands. Feminist psychotherapy is based on feminist theory. Though there are several criticisms of this approach, some research claimed its effectiveness. Indeed, the contradictions between the true nature of Islam and Islamic feminism must be considered. As there is not enough data about the cultural suitability of the current feminist psychotherapy, it has not been approved as an evidence-based practice worldwide. Feminist Psychotherapy is a developing approach. Considering the cultural-religious issues, it can be helpful for the mental health considerations in Iran.