فصلنامه فرهنگ رضوی
سال ششم شماره 21 (بهار 1397)

Religious disputes have always been a challenge for thinkers and theologians to the extent that they have had an attempt to settle them peacefully. In this regard, by fair behavior, avoiding the extremes of excess and deficiency and observing human rights conventions, great men will lead human society toward progress, materially and spiritually.
Using a descriptive -analytical method and authentic historical sources, the present study attempts to investigate what strategies were used by Imam Reza (A.S) to settle the religious disputes. Imam Reza avoided to use pluralistic approaches for settling religious and sectarian disputes, since they result in confusion of human faith and intellectuality. Rather, in the form of guiding and purposeful debates, he used to provide answers to scientific questions and settle religious disputes by proving the legitimacy of valid beliefs and explaining false ones, emphasizing the principles of audience analysis and thematic analysis, observing justice, fairness and respecting others without any bias, as well as being fully aware of all aspects of discussions.

Brilliant narrations of the religious leaders are the guide to life and Familiarity with it cause to true development.
Narration of "beauty of the word" or "revival of the matter" is one of the glorious words of the scientist of the prophet's household, Imam Reza (peace be upon him) and The two main sourcesof it are Sheikh Sadukh’s Oyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha and Maani al-Akhbar.
The subject of discussion in this research is the question of what is the meaning of "beauty of the word" or "revival of the matter" in this narration. This article by descriptive-analytic method, In addition to the documentary and Conceptual study of the above narration, shows that this narration is correct in terms of the document and content and the revival of the Imams’ matter (peace be upon them) depens on the knowledge of their education. This narration says the Imams’ matter is the science and culture of them (peace be upon them) and the way of it’s revival is holding the meetings and forming the knowledge-raising classes.
In this narration, Imam (peace be upon him) believes that studing and teaching of The beautiful words of the Imams (peace be upon them), will keep alive the system that based on the rule of the Imams (peace be uponthem) because Because it is according to the human nature.

Of the most prominent aspects of human life is how to make connections with the Creator of the existence, manner of speaking, manner of praying and pray before Divine court, and adjusting our relationships with God and other humans. Religious texts are the best platform to achieve these aspects. The present study aims to investigate the most important demands from God in Imam Reza's pilgrimage books based on Quranic teachings, with an analytical- descriptive approach and with emphasis on the correlation between Quran and Etrat. The results of this research show that a significant portion of Imam Reza (A.S)'s pilgrimage books includes fervent prayers and presenting needs to God. They contain enormous and subtle teachings, including asking for forgiveness and referring to God, increasing the aliment, getting accustomed to Divine ethics, standing among the ones grateful to Divine blessings, getting sacrificed for Imam's objectives, being present among Divine saints, loving Ahl al-Bayt (A.S), standing in the line of the witnesses (on Doomsday), salvation from difficulties and sadness, being defended by Ahl al-Bayt (A.S) (on Doomsday) and not being deprived of Divine endowment, all of which are a reflection of grand concepts of Quranic teachings.

Debal is one of the most prominent Shiite poets whose love for the infallible Imams (PBUT) is decisive and indisputable. He emblazoned his entire Divan with the name of Imams, especially Imam Reza (A.S). With the help of poetry, he intended to portray the oppressions that the Ahl al-Bayt endured and their innocence by expressing the apparent and spiritual qualities of Imam Reza (A.S) and introducing the tyrant rulers of that era. This descriptive-analytical study attempts to extract and analyze the resistance effects in Dabal’s Razavi poems. Results demonstrated that inviting to challenge, portraying the suffers the oppressed Imams endured, expressing the oppressions against Imam Reza (A.S), hoping for the future, and weeping in Imam Reza’s grief were among the important components of Resistance Literature that Dabal had portrayed in his Razavi poems.

Propagation has a prominent place in Islam. In addition to the Holy Quran, the way of Imams lives is also considered as a backrest of monotheism front and filled with methods, call experiences and promotion of divine religion. In this way and with considering the fact that Ahl –Albait narrations addresses all people during all periods, this research studies the most important instruments, grounds and propagation technics in Razavi culture with a descriptive – analytical approach and with referring to several valid narrative sources. In this research we concluded that Imam Reza used the vicegerent lever and participating in debate meetings the most, to promote the Islamic culture. One of the most prominent features of Razavi propagation paradigm was paying attention to audience's talent and wisdom level. Regulating the massages proportional to their situation and understanding and recommended this to his propagandists. In addition to propagating ideological Shia and trying for Islamic wakefulness in cultural part, his propagation concentrated on training cultural elites, confronting cultural clash between Islamic world and west and also promoting Islamic life style.

There are three notions among jurists about the wife’s share in inheritance if she is the only heir of her husband, and there are two notions about the husband’s share in inheritance if he is the only heir of his wife. The disagreement among jurists in this area originates from differences among narrations and hadiths. So studying documented narrations for determining the accuracy of every notion is inevitable. This study presents notions of jurists, in the first place. Then the documented narrations are studied within a descriptive-analytical method and the adopted notion of writers i.e. the content of Imam Reza’s hadith. Based on this notion, either wife or the husband inherits the residue of the estate of fixed shares from the other party, in addition to the share and fixed share specified in holy Quran, whether in the era of Imam Zaman’s presence or in his absence. This issue is one of the social concerns about which there is no text in Civil Code, but according to principle 167 of Iranian Constitution, the judge is bound to refer to reliable Islamic sources and valid juristic notions if he does not find any text containing articles regarding relevant lawsuits. So it is crucial to study the issue by examining evidences, documentations and presenting the adopted notion of writers.

The debate is a dialogue for common understanding and is one of the ffecivemthods­ to explain and educate celestial teachings. It was used by Prophets and Imams(PBUH) while facing with controversial opinions. Because of the political-cultural situation and dictation ov votes happened at the time of Imam Reza, he performed debates with scientists and elders of several sects to prevent distortion of Islam. He avoided the damages of debate and continued dialogue to clarify the facts, a method that approached considerable results. The aim of this study was the damage assessment of debate based onImam Reza,s debate schemes. The research has identified the damages of debate based on Imam Reza,s debates using descriptive – analytical methods and extensive literature review. The results showedthe debate damages would be divided to two major types: the scientific damages (e.g. fallacy in the argument, relying on the non-shared principles, lacking of order and structure in argument, etc) and moral damages (e.g. violation of fairness, prejudice and emulate, personality assessments, etc).The results demonstrated he continued his debates using the rules and avoiding the damages, tried to guide and enlighten the audience and always won all of debates.

Islam is the most important factor of national unity and the power of Islamic-Iranian culture. Religious teachings, the portrait of the Innocents, their brave and constructive speeches and narratives are considered as the important theoretical foundations for enlightenment and opposing oppression in Persian stability literature.
In fact, Imam Reza’s debates with the great persons and scientists of various religions are among these theoretical themes. Accordingly, Imam Reza’s debates, which are based on stability culture, have had an influential impact on Persian literature creating reflections of stability in contemporary Razavi poetry.
The present study has been conducted in order to delineate stability reflections in Imam Reza’s debates and their representation in Safar Zadeh and Mousavi Garmaroudi’s poetry with a descriptive-analytic approach. The results show that Imam Reza has taken the best and most efficient strategy to preserve the religious teachings and beliefs against the ignorance of the pretenders of different sects. Moreover, the findings indicate that reflections such as: intellectual movement against ignorance, bravery against deniers, free-thinking, justice, patience, protecting the underdog, martyrdom based on awareness-raising are among Imam Reza’s debate topics which have been represented in Razavi poetry of the above-mentioned poets.

In the epistemic system of Islam, the recognition of God serves as the most important type of recognition, and the Oneness of God is the most important issue when it comes to the recognition of God. The base of the human's monotheistic belief has been the inherent Oneness of God, and the belief is shaped based on the inherent unity of God. To understand the reality of the inherent unity of Him, the best source is surely Ahl al-Bayt (Family of the Prophet)'s speech. Researches done in the area of the Oneness of God, based on Ahl Al-Bayt (A.S)'s speeches, are either restricted to the general meaning of it, i.e. theology, or they lack philosophical precision. Accordingly, there seems to exist no exact philosophical study on God's inherent unity as explained by Imam Reza (A.S). The current study attempts to answer this question: What can be inferred from Imam Reza (A.S)'s speech regarding the reasons or issues behind the inherent unity of God? To answer the preceding question, by the philosophical divisions of the discussion and the employment of a descriptive-analytical method, the two main parts of His inherent unity, namely the absolute simplicity of divine nature and His unity, were inferred from Imam Reza (A.S)' speeches. Regarding the simplicity of divine nature, some points, by deleting some parts and limiting the scope, were presented and some reasons on the infiniteness of God were inferred from Imam Reza's speeches. The infiniteness of God was explained by referring to the eternal nature of God, refusal to imagine the truth of the essence of God and the inability of us to refer His essence, as well. Then by introducing God as the only infinite existence, the Oneness of God was also proved based on His absolute simplicity. In the second section, the Oneness of divine nature was proved through the rejection of numerical unity and such reasons as the lack of consensus on polytheism, the being created nature of opposition and connection, and the argument of "Basit al-haqiqah", according to Imam Reza's speeches