فهرست مطالب

Journal of Research on History of Medicine
Volume:6 Issue: 4, Nov 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/10/25
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Konstantinos Laios Page 183
    Asclepiades of Bithynia (2nd half of the first century to the 1st half of the second century BC) was a physician and a philosopher who was influenced a lot by Epicurus (341 – 270 BC); however, he managed to form his own medical theory. Very helpful to understand the medical theory of Asclepiades of Bithynia is the Latin translation of Soranus of Ephesus (2nd half of the first century to 1st half of the second century AD) work on acute and on chronic diseases by Caelius Aurelianus (5th century AD). Asclepiades of Bithynia medical theory was applied to the interpretation of many different diseases, in which the physician combined the principles of Methodic School which was about the stretching and narrowing of pores, with those of humoral pathology and the principals of Pneumatic School.
    Keywords: Asclepiades of Bithynia, Soranus of Ephesus, Caelius Aurelianus, Atomic Theory
  • Mostafa Namdari Monfared Page 189
    Opium was one of the drugs in the medieval history of Persia which has been used in medical affairs. By commercialization of poppy in Qajar dynasty with the permeation of the colonial policies, the material was conveyed to India and thence to China as a center of consumption. By enhancing the demand in India, the cultivation of poppy in Persia increased. The circumstances accompanied by a strenuous drought let to the breakout of famine in Persia which inflicted a lot of casualties. In 1907, new arrangement partly altered the previous sphere when constitutional revelation took place. In China, after the second opium war in 1842, Britain could dominate over the economic arteries and escalated Chinese dependency. However, by the production of opium in Bengal
    and many other cities of China, importing of poppy from Persia confronted an unexpected depression but the uprising of Boxers against British ambitions changed dependency situation. This paper sets out to portray the transaction and treatment of Persian and Chinese societies against the imposed policies.
    Keywords: Opium, Persia, China, Constitutional Revolution, Boxers Uprising
  • Soleyman Heidari Page 207
    Cholera, also called morbidity and death illness under some other titles, spread nine times
    in Shiraz in an epidemic manner. The pathogen is Vibrio Cholera, and its source is contaminated water and food. Before 1236, the number of sufferers was very small in Shiraz. However, with the establishment of Qajar dynasty, the first outbreak took place in 1236 and left a large number of casualties through the years 1241, 1248, 1263, 1274, 1285, 1306, 1311 and 1322 Hijri. The outbreak was caused by both external and internal causes. With regard to external factors, pilgrimage and maritime traders contributed to this disease. This disease hit both Iraq and Saudi Arabia via India by Muslim Indian pilgrims and was transferred to the city after infecting Shirazi pilgrims. Moreover, traveling to India
    with the intention of trade and Indian trips to the Persian Gulf littoral states provided the transferring possibility of Vibrio Cholera to Bushehr and then to Shiraz. Internal parameters
    played a greater role in this outbreak. Lack of health care and clean water, ignorance of people and some false traditions as well as natural disasters such as earthquakes, locust
    invasion and the surge of famine were the main reasons which accelerated the outbreak
    of Cholera in Shiraz, reduced the ability of people to manage this catastrophe and consequently increased the mortality rate severely.
    Keywords: Shiraz, Cholera, Earthquake, Famine, India, Pilgrimage, Maritime Trade
  • Mostafa Enayatrad, Ehsan Mostafavi Page 219
    Pasteur Institute of Iran, as one of the oldest leading research and public health centers in Iran and in the Middle East, was established in 1920 following an agreement between the Institute Pasteur of Paris and the Iranian government to improve the health status in Iran. This institute has played a great role in the prevention and control of infectious diseases in Iran and in the world during its approximate one hundred years of research background by conducting research studies associated with the control of infectious diseases, producing vaccines and biological products. This institute can be a useful model for the country and the region because of its brilliant records and its significant activities. This article reviews the Pasteur Institute of Iran services and research activities during its almost one hundred years of activity.
    Keywords: Pasteur Institute of Iran, Infectious Disease, Research Center
  • Mahboobeh Farkhondehzadeh Page 237
    In traditional medicine, physicians believe in the spirit and soul as well as their effects on the health of the body; therefore, an important part of the medical texts is devoted to introducing the causes and treatments of mental illnesses and their disorders. The treatment method of mental patients is different depending on the type and severity of the disease. Prescribing suitable medicine, advice to exercise, proper nutrition, being away from loneliness and sadness were among therapeutic methods. Based on the severity of the disease, the patient sometimes needed special care and then was taken care of by the doctor’s diagnosis at a therapeutic center. The establishment of asylum is one of the significant and outstanding features in the Islamic civilization which has the same history of building hospitals. In this article, the history of building psychiatric hospitals is reviewed through a descriptive-analytical method resorting to authentic historical documents and references.
    Keywords: Psychosis, Dar, al Majanin, Islamic Civilization