فهرست مطالب

Journal of Research on History of Medicine
Volume:7 Issue: 2, May 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/01/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 5
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  • Seyed Alireza Golshani, Javad Abbasi *, Mohammad Taghi Imanpour, Seyyed Abulghasem Foroozani Pages 69-75
    The civilization background of Transoxiana and Chorasmia in the ancient era is of utmost grandeur to the extent that the region is known as the origin of Aryan-Iranian civilization. In addition, both can also be regarded as the land where Iranian medical science originated based upon mythological traditions. Languages including Avestan, Khwarezmian, and Sogdian emerged in Transoxiana and Chorasmia during a long period of time in the past, leading to a variety of scientific, medical, literary, religious and many other works. Indeed, these languages are various branches of Iranian Middle Eastern languages used to be spoken by Iranians. Given their significance as a tool for transmission of culture, knowledge, literature, trade and medicine to the adjacent people, particularly Turks, Chinese, Indians and Central Asians. After the fall of Achaemenid Empire in the fourth century B.C., Greeks, Yuezhi, Kushan Empire, Sasanian Empire, Hephthalite Empire and Turks ruled over Transoxiana and Chorasmia, which were then ceded to the Arabs. Meanwhile, the Chorasmian language became extinct after Arabs’ dominance whereas Avestan and Sogdian languages survived until the 10th century and were then substituted by Dari Persian. The present study was conducted aiming to examine all remaining medical texts in Avestan, Sogdian, Chorasmian works as well as their effects on medical texts written in Dari Persian and Arabic during the Islamic-Iranian civilization.
    Keywords: Medical Texts, Avestan, Sogdian, Chorasmia, Persian Medical Texts, Transoxiana, Chorasmia
  • Hossein Namdar, Javad Alipoor Silab * Pages 81-90
    The system of Iranian medicine in Safavid era was the continuation of the system based on Phlegm view. Accordingly, the incidence of most diseases was attributed to whole view of the quadruple imbalance of the Blood, Soda, Bile and Bulging. Preventive and therapeutic approaches were also conducted in the same cognitive atmosphere. The specimen of Favus disease indicates such a view that it was dominant in the Safavid era. Favus appeared as a skin disease in two types of dry and wet. Cognitively, related pathogens were in line with the common medical system, which was attributed to the imbalance of Phlegm. Given this disease, the behavioral approach initially focused on purging bloody corpuscles from the body, balancing the body sputum and later relieving the symptoms of the disease. This is due to the application of various forms and medications. Some practices were based on the experiences of the predecessors and others on the physician ̓s initiative of the Safavid era. This study is an overview, attempting to examine the nature and purpose of the descriptive and analytical methods, and the therapeutic approach to treating diabetes in Iranian Safavid era’s medical system. Required data are retrieved and collected based on a desk research methodology
    Keywords: Favus, Safavid, Physician, Treatment
  • Marzieh Khabiry, Reyhane Ahansazan, Hamed Ahansazan Pages 91-102
    The relations between Iran and Ottoman in all political, scientific, cultural and social fields have been intertwined since the early 9th century AH. During this period, many Iranian scholars immigrated to the Ottoman Empire, with simultaneous developing relations between two countries. Prominent physicians and pharmacologists playing a significant role in developing scientific relations between the two countries by stabilizing the scientific position and their practical ability in the social and scientific space of the Ottoman Empire were among them. This study is a systematic review used in the library and electronic resources and the references of the research were in two Farsi and Arabic languages, regardless of time constraints. The influence of emigration and the presence of Iranian physicians in the Ottoman Empire can be considered in different ways, including the scientific, social and political effects, while some of them were the special ones in the Ottoman court due to their considerable skills in the practice of medicine, Some of them were in the process of compilation of medical books and medical training also they were Superordinate in their era that This article introduces them.
    Keywords: Iranian Physicians, Persian Medicine, Ottoman, Iran
  • Mostafa Nadim*, Esmate Babadi Pages 103-116
    Diseases and their recovery processes were usual issues between people and different clans. Gradually, people could provide better and deeper treatment according to their experience and academic studies. In Qajar era, Treatment based on the traditional ways and the medicine men was used in different ways for alleviating the pain. Just since the Nasseri era, modern ways have been found for treatment. Particularly, since the European doctors entered Iran that Polak is one of the most famous of them.
    Since the Safavi era, one of the important resources of Social History has been the logbook and the memory of Europeans; These people included the traders, politician agents, ambassadors, travelers and doctors. The great number of logbooks is from the Qajar era.
    Some of the notes include interesting data about illnesses and the condition of medicine in Iran. This survey is carried out by the researcher to study different aspects of Iranian diseases and the process of curing illnesses according to logbooks written by foreigners in the Qajar era.
    Keywords: Diseases, Qajar Era, Foreigner Writers of Logbooks, Traditional Med, Western Med
  • Sholeh Maslehat, Ehsan Mostafavi * Pages 117-126
    Since about 100 years ago, the size and population of Tehran have increased significantly and water scarcity has caused some serious problems. Since 1941, owing to the shortages of drinking water, plans have been made to use Tehran's groundwater in reservoirs, Qanat and rivers; then due to the pollution of these waters, new challenges were risen how to access to the safe water. Following the outbreak of typhoid in Tehran, which caused the contamination of drinking water in 1950, the task of water disinfection in Tehran was given to Pasteur Institute of Iran. In collaboration with the Municipality of Tehran, the surface water of the city was disinfected temporarily by changing the direction of some parts of the Qanats, chlorination of Qanat waters and excavation of shallow wells.
    Following this action, water treatment was set up in Tehran and then, the water supply piping was carried out.
    This article reviews the role of Pasteur Institute of Iran in disinfecting the drinking water of Tehran and controlling the typhoid outbreak during 1950-1954h water reservoirs, Qanat and rivers; and due to the pollution of these waters, new challenges were arisen to access to the safe water. Following the typhoid outbreak in Tehran, which caused the contamination of drinking water in 1950, the task of water disinfection in Tehran was given to Pasteur Institute of Iran. In collaboration with the Municipality of Tehran, the surface water of the city was disinfected temporarily by changing the direction of some parts of the Qanats, chlorination of Qanat waters and excavation of shallow wells.
    Keywords: Pasteur Institute of Iran, Disinfection, Typhoid, Cholera, Water