فهرست مطالب

Caring Sciences - Volume:7 Issue: 1, Mar 2018

Journal of Caring Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 1, Mar 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/01/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Britney Bennett, Manoj Sharma*, Russell Bennett, Anthony R. Mawson, Sarah G. Buxbaum, Jung Hye Sung Pages 1-8
    Introduction
    Depression is a major public health issue. One of the concerns in depression research and practice pertains to non-compliance to prescribed medications. The purpose of the study was to predict compliance with medication use for patients with depression using social cognitive theory (SCT). Based on this study it was envisaged that recommendations for interventions to enhance compliance for medication use could be developed for patients with depression.
    Methods
    The study was conducted using cross sectional design (n=148) in southern United States with a convenience sample of clinic-based depression patients with a 37-item valid and reliable questionnaire. Sample size was calculated to be 148 using G*Power (five predictors with a 0.80 power at the 0.05 alpha level and an estimated effect size of 0.10 with an inflation by 10% for missing data). Social cognitive theory constructs of expectations, self-efficacy and self-efficacy in overcoming barriers, self-control, and environment were reified. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and multiple logistic regression analyses.
    Results
    Self-control for taking medication for depression (P=0.04), expectations for taking medication for depression (P=0.025), age (P
    Conclusion
    Social cognitive theory is weakly predictive with low explained variance for taking medication for depression. It needs to be bolstered by newer theories like integrative model or multi-theory model of health behavior change for designing educational interventions aimed at enhancing compliance to medication for depression.
    Keywords: Cognitive theory, Depression, Medication adherence
  • Hamdiye Arda SÜrÜcÜ, Dilek BÜyÜkkaya Besen, Mesude Duman*, Elif Yeter Erbil Pages 9-15
    Introduction
    The stress of pregnancy itself, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) that develops during pregnancy is also a stressor, because it can cause serious maternal and fetal health problems. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between the characteristics of pregnant women with GDM and their styles of coping with stress.
    Methods
    This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 126 pregnant women with GDM. The sample consisted of patients who applied to the diabetes mellitus training polyclinic of a training and research and university hospital in southeastern Turkey, Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality tests, Spearman's rho and Pearson Correlation analysis, the Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test and Kruskal–Wallis- test by SPSS software (version 13.0).
    Results
    It was determined that a planned pregnancy, a high educational level, a first pregnancy and weight gain were important factors in the women with GDM in the study who coped effectively with stress during pregnancy. Unemployment and a second or subsequent pregnancy were important factors in the women with GDM
    Conclusion
    It was determined that pregnant women with optimistic and submissive approaches towards coping with stress had lower HbA1c levels. It is suggested that randomized controlled studies be conducted to further determine the coping styles of patients with GDM.
    Keywords: Coping behavior, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Pregnant women, Stress
  • Niraj Beerendrakumar, Lakshmi Ramamoorthy*, Satish Haridasan Pages 17-20
    Introduction
    Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) needs to modify their lifestyle chiefly focusing on diet and fluid intake as the prognosis of these patients largely depends on adherence to the recommended nutritional regime. Non adherence to the suggested diet and fluids regime leads to rapid worsening of the condition.
    Methods
    Cross sectional survey was conducted to determine the level of adherence to the dietary and fluids restriction among CKD patients. Inclusion criteria’s was, age between 18- 65 years, patients with CKD for at least 6 months and received dietary counseling. Consecutive sampling technique was used to select 100 patients. Data was collected with self-reported Dialysis Diet and Fluid non adherence Questionnaire (DDFQ).
    Results
    Majority (73%) of the subjects was males, 64% belongs to 40-60 years age, majority of them were unemployed. Mean Body Mass Index (BMI) was 20.52 kg/m2, the mean duration of the treatment is 2.15 years and mean fluid intake was 2153ml ml/day and inter-dialytic weight gain was 1.48 kg. Regarding adherence, 20% of them had mild deviation and 69% of them had moderate deviation from dietary restrictions and similarly 69 % of the participants had moderate deviation, and 22% of them had mild deviation from fluid restriction guidelines. Low level of adherence to fluid and diet restrictions was noted in illiterate patients which was significant P
    Conclusion
    In spite of the dietary counseling, considerable proportions of the patients were non adherent to the diet and fluid restrictions which necessitate regular counseling to patient and family members.
    Keywords: Chronic renal failure, Dialysis, Medication adherence, Diabetics
  • Marzieh Akbarzadeh*, Azar Nematollahi*, Mahnaz Farahmand, Sedigheh Amooee Pages 21-26
    Introduction
    The aim of this study was to assess the effect of two-stage warm compress technique on the pain duration of the first and second labor stages and neonatal outcomes.
    Methods
    The clinical trial was done on 150 women (75 subjects in each groups) in Shiraz-affiliated hospitals in 2012 A two-staged warm compress was done for 15-20 minutes in the first and second labor phase (cervical dilatation of 7 and 10 cm with zero status) while the control group received hospital routine care. The duration of labor and Apgar score were evaluated.
    Results
    According to t-test, the average of labor duration was lower in the intervention group compared to the control group at the second stage. However, there was no significant difference for labor duration at the first stage and the first and fifth minute Apgar score.
    Conclusion
    According to the result, this intervention seems a good method for decreasing labor duration at the second stage of parturition.
    Keywords: Labor Onset, Labor stages, Apgar score, Warm compress, Primiparoms women
  • Leila Valizadeh, Vahid Zamanzadeh, Maryam Rassouli, Mahni Rahkar Farshi* Pages 27-33
    Introduction
    Adolescence is a challenging period and cultural background plays an important role in families with adolescent. So exploring parents’ concerns in the specific context of Iran may improves nurse's family-based services and helps to reduce conflicts Iranian families with respect to adolescents. In this paper we explore perceptions of Iranian parents’ concerns in the family with raising adolescent children.
    Methods
    Participants of this qualitative content analysis study were 23 parents with adolescents, who were recruited through purposive sampling. Data collection was done through semi structured in-depth interviews and analyzed based on Graneheim and Landman’s approach. Lincoln and Guba’s criteria were used to ensure the accuracy and strength of the study.
    Results
    The theme "rebellion against parents’ authority" was supported by two categories: (1) parent-teenage conflict, and (2) difficulty in controlling. As the offspring enter adolescence, parents feel that their child is going to leave their domain.
    Conclusion
    Findings from this study showed that the incongruity arises when traditional family norms fail to adapt to new patterns. Change of social and cultural norms in developing societies, has led to generational differences in families. This issue accompanied with adolescence, increases parents’ concern. So we recommend parental educational programs for learning effectively patterns for resisting internal challenges and communicate with adolescents.
    Keywords: Adolescent, Family, Fathers, Mothers, Parenting qualitative
  • Ali Dehghani, Nahid Dehghan Nayeri*, Abbas Ebadi Pages 35-40
    Introduction
    Coping with disease is of the main components improving the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Identifying the characteristics of this concept is based on the experiences of patients. Using qualitative research is essential to improve the quality of life. This study was conducted to explore the features of coping with the disease in patients with multiple sclerosis.
    Method
    In this conventional content analysis study, eleven multiple sclerosis patients from Iran MS Society in Tehran (Iran) participated. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Data were gathered using semi structured interviews. To analyze data, a conventional content analysis approach was used to identify meaning units and to make codes and categories.
    Results
    Results showed that features of coping with disease in multiple sclerosis patients consists of (a) accepting the current situation, (b) maintenance and development of human interactions, (c) self-regulation and (d) self-efficacy. Each of these categories is composed of sub-categories and codes that showed the perception and experience of patients about the coping with disease.
    Conclusion
    Accordingly, a unique set of features regarding features of coping with the disease were identified among the patients with multiple sclerosis. Therefore, working to ensure the emergence of, and subsequent reinforcement of these features in MS patients can be an important step in improving the adjustment and quality of their lives.
    Keywords: Qualitative research, Multiple sclerosis, Coping
  • Kobra Parvan*, Shahla Shahbazi, Hossein Ebrahimi, Susan Valizadeh, Azad Rahmani, Faranak Jabbarzadeh Tabrizi, Fariba Esmaili Pages 41-45
    Introduction
    Despite being aware of the importance of nurses’ role in providing clinical training to nursing students, studies show that sufficient research has not yet been conducted on the experience of clinical nurses who are engaged in training nursing students outside their normal working hours. The present study aim to describe the experience of these nurses who are training outside their routine working hours.
    Methods
    This study was conducted using descriptive-phenomenology method. Twelve nurses was participated in this research. Data were collected using purposive sampling method and face to face interviews based on nurses’ real life experience of students’ learning in clinical settings through answering open-ended questions. Spiegel burg analysis method was used to analyze the data.
    Results
    The result of data analysis was the derivation of four themes and eight sub-themes. Themes included "nurses as teaching sources", "changes in the balance of doing routine tasks", "professional enthusiasm", and "nurses as student's professional socialization source of inspiration". Sub-themes included "efficient education", "poor education", "support", "interference in the role," "self-efficacy development", "inner satisfaction", "positive imaging" and "being a model".
    Conclusion
    It is necessary that academic centers plan for teaching nurses working on a contractual basis in the field of the evaluation method and various methods of teaching. The findings also suggested the development of individual self-efficacy in clinical nurses who train students.
    Keywords: Nursing students, Nurses, Education, Qualitative research
  • Morteza Darabinia, Ali Morad Heidari Gorji*, Hossein Hosseini Karnami Pages 47-51
    Introduction
    Given the importance of providing social health for students, this study was conducted to investigate the social health and its related factors among Iranian students of medical sciences.
    Methods
    This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016. The population of the study included students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Sari, Iran). Using random sampling, we selected 352 students. Eligible students for the study were those who (i) consented to participate, (ii) agreed to participate fully, and (iii) had no physical illnesses. Exclusion from the study was due to any event that prevented them from participating in the study (e.g., the death of a family member). Then, standardized questionnaire of "Keyes's Social Well-being" and demographic questionnaire were used in this study to collect data. The data were tabulated and analyzed by means of SPSS 13.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), which was used to calculate descriptive and inferential (Two-way ANOVA) indices.
    Results
    In this study, 202 women and 150 men participated with the mean age of 23.14 (2.41). The mean score of social health of students was average 92.99 (7.54). About 75.4% of participants had average levels of social health. Maximum and minimum levels of social health were related to contribution 20.64 (3.65) and social coherence 15.86 (2.12) respectively. There were no differences in the overall social health score of the students in terms of gender; however, regarding marital status, place of residence, father's education, and mother's education, there was a significant difference among students.
    Conclusion
    Given the importance of social health, it is necessary to have proper planning such as providing for the requirements of stable marriages for students, good place of residence to improve the quality of life and enhance their satisfaction with it.
    Keywords: Social health, Medical student, Iran, Health care
  • Ahmad Mirza Aghazadeh, Mojgan Lotfi*, Akram Ghahramanian, Farideh Ahadi Pages 53-58
    Introduction
    In view of their considerably high rates of mortality and morbidity, burns are still viewed as one of the most important health-threatening environmental hazards imposing a significant burden on the health care system in low and middle-income countries. This study seeks to determine the lethal area fifty percent (LA50) in all burn patients admitted over a period of five years and the factors influencing mortality in burn injuries.
    Methods
    This study was a cross-sectional carried out from 2010 to 2014 in Sina Hospital of Tabriz, 1226 participant including 319 women, 346 men, 272 girls, and 289 boys were selected through stratified sampling. The demographic and clinical data of patients ( their age, gender, burn type, TBSA, the season and consequences of burning) were all extracted and then analyzed, using descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency and variability) and inferential statistics(chi-square and linear regression)at a significance level of 0.05. The LA50 was calculated through determining the relationship between the total body surface area and mortality rate (The extent of the body burns measured and recorded based on Lando Chart in hospitals).
    Results
    The highest (47.6%) and the lowest (3.8%) rates of burns were observed among those aged below 16 and above 65, respectively. The majority of the participants were residents of cities (55.4%), married (34.6%), illiterate (56.6%), and housewives (14.8%). Most burns were caused by accidents (98.4%) at home (90.6%). Most patients had suffered first- and second-degree burns (68.4%), with no inhalation damages (99.5%). Hot liquids were the main culprit in most of the burns (58.7%) and the upper extremities were the most frequently affected areas (34.8%). There was .99 rise in mortality for every percent increase in TBSA, and there seemed to be a significant relationship between the age level and the eventual outcome- the higher the age, the more likely for the incident to end in death.LA50 was also determined 43.73 percent for five years. Finally, the study findings showed that female gender, TBSA and age are associated with death from burn.
    Conclusion
    Given the high LA50 index at this center, it is of high priority in our country to enhance the public knowledge and the quality of the care provided for the burn patients. Patients at risk including women, children, elderly and extensive burns should be considered.
    Keywords: Fetal mortality, Burns, Body surface area