فهرست مطالب

Caring Sciences - Volume:8 Issue: 1, Mar 2019

Journal of Caring Sciences
Volume:8 Issue: 1, Mar 2019

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/12/24
  • تعداد عناوین: 9
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  • Alime Selçuk, Tosun *, Handan Zincir Pages 1-8
    Introduction
    The individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were supported with the individual motivational interview in the previous randomized controlled trial. The aim of this study was to assess whether the effect of motivational interview persists relative to the self-efficacy, metabolic control, and health-behavioral change of them.
    Methods
    This study was contacted a cross-sectional design. This study was the follow-up to the previous randomized controlled trial. Total of 32 participants, including 18 from the intervention group and 14 from the control group, were contacted. No new intervention was performed to previous groups (control and intervention). The participants in the intervention and control groups were contacted by phone in the 18th month, and their self-efficacy, metabolic control and health behaviors were assessed.
    Results
    The intergroup comparisons showed that the difference between the sixth month and 18th month was statistically significant except for medical treatment self-efficacy subscale score, postprandial blood glucose and waist circumference. The groups were similar in terms of their use of medicine, nutrition and physical activity behavior stages according to the 18th-month follow-up.
    Conclusion
    This study found that the self-efficacy scores of the intervention group decreased negatively, and their metabolic values increased negatively in the 18th months, compared with the sixth month. In this respect, it is recommended that motivational interviews should be carried out at certain intervals assessing the characteristics of participants without discontinuing them after the intervention.
    Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus_Motivation_Self efficacy_Behavior
  • Zahra Sheikhalipour _Akram Ghahramanian *_Alavieh Fateh _Rasol Ghiahi _Tonia C Onyeka Pages 9-15
    Introduction
    Studies show that some of the factors such as pain and psychological changes could decrease the quality of life of patients with cancer. The understanding of these factors can enhance the effectiveness and process of cancer treatment. Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the quality of life in women with cancer and its influencing factors.
    Methods
    This was a cross-sectional study which was carried out in the city of Tabriz in the northwestern part of Iran in 2016. The sample consisted of 150 women diagnosed with cancer. The EORTC QLQ-C30 (version 3) was used for evaluating the quality of life of the women. The collected data were analyzed in the SPSS ver. 13 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Also, t-test and ANOVA test were applied to investigate the correlation between the dimensions of quality of life and socio-demographic variables. P < 0.05 denoted as statistically significant.
    Results
    The results showed that the quality of life in the function and symptoms dimensions were in acceptable levels. In the function dimension, the highest and lowest scores belonged to the cognitive and emotional domains, respectively. Also, those women who had the symptoms of insomnia and fatigue, and reported the pressure due to financial burden of cancer treatment had a significantly lower quality of life. A low score was reported in general health dimension. No statistically significant relationships were reported between the socio-demographic characteristics and the women’s quality of life and its dimensions.
    Conclusion
    Since sleeplessness and fatigue reduce the quality of life in women with cancer, nursing interventions are required to relieve cancer-related symptoms. The financial burden of cancer treatment is high. Therefore, governmental and insurance agencies should help with the costs paid by the patients and prevent from reducing their quality of life.
    Keywords: Neoplasms, women, quality of life, Nurses, Care
  • Farideh Vaziri *, Maryam khosropoor, Mojtaba Hidari, Saeedeh Pourahmad, Bahar Morshed Behbahani, Forough Saki Pages 17-21
    Introduction
    Exposure to noxious stimuli can cause pain in infants. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the lavender oil inhalation on the pain resulting from the pentavalent vaccination.
    Methods
    This clinical trial consisted of two groups: the lavender oil group with 42 infants and the placebo group with 57 infants. The healthy infants without congenital abnormalities in need of pentavalent vaccine also participated in our study. The infants started the lavender oil or placebo aromatherapy one minute before injection. The pain was assessed three times, using the Neonatal Infant pain Scale (NIPS): before vaccination, 15 s, and 5 min after vaccination. Also, the duration of crying was measured in both groups.
    Results
    At baseline, the two groups were similar in relation to the NIPS scores. While, after 5 minutes, the NIPS score was significantly lower in the lavender group. Based on the repeated measures analysis, the NIPS score changed over time totally. However, the two groups were significantly different in relation to the NIPS score over time. The duration of crying was 75.47 (60.675) second in the lavender group and 105.22 (75.739) s in the control group. The statistical test showed a significant difference between the two groups.
    Conclusion
    A low concentration of the lavender oil inhalation can reduce the pain and improve soothing in the infants with the pentavalent vaccine injection.
    Keywords: Lavender oil, Infants, Vaccine, Pentavalent, Pain
  • Sedigheh Abdollahpour , Zahra Motaghi* Pages 23-31
    Introduction
    Childbirth is a stressful event in every woman's life, leading to traumatic deliveries in half of the cases. This study aimed at describing mothers’ lived experiences which make them perceive their childbirth as traumatic.
    Methods
    In this descriptive phenomenological study, based on the DSM-V-A criteria, 32 mothers who had perceptions of a traumatic event during their labor and delivery were explored through semi-structured interviews, and the collected data were analyzed using the Colaizzi’s method.
    Results
    Four main themes could be extracted from the experiences of the mothers. The first theme was sensational and emotional experiences followed by clinical experiences, legal experiences and human dignity, and environmental experiences. The sensational and emotional experiences included four main categories (anxiety, fear, sorrow, anger). The theme of clinical experiences included two main categories (avoidable and unavoidable childbirth complications). The theme of legal experiences and human dignity included two main categories (non-observance of the charter of patient rights, and non-observance of human rights). The theme of environmental experiences also included two main categories (lack of proper supervision and management).
    Conclusion
    To prevent traumatic childbirth and its negative effects, different psychological aspects of childbirth need to be identified.
    Keywords: Traumatic childbirth, lived experiences, Physiological, phenomenological study
  • Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz , Giti Ozgoli , Abbas Ebadi *, Nourossadat Kariman , Vida Ghasemi , Farzaneh Rashidi Fakari Pages 33-38
    Introduction
    Women's screening beliefs play an important role in their performance. Since a short form questionnaire is necessary in the assessment of screening beliefs in Iranian society, this study was conducted with the aim of psychometric evaluation of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) among Iranian women.
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional methodological study, 300 Iranian women who were aged 18 years or older, and who were attending healthcare centers of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, were selected in 2017-18. After a backward-forward translation procedure of BCSBQ was carried out, the face, content and construct validity of breast cancer-screening beliefs questionnaire were evaluated. In addition, the reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha and intra class correlation coefficients.
    Results
    The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to extract three distinct factors, including: attitude, knowledge, and barriers to screening. The three-factor model fit was accepted for all factors based on standard indices (RMSEA = 0.12, χ2 = 2.832, GFI = 0.87, AGFI = 0.8, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.92). In addition, the instrument’s reliability was measured using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The instrument had an appropriate Cronbach alpha (0.78). The interclass correlation coefficient was obtained to be 0.93 within a range of 0.83-0.97.
    Conclusion
    The three-factor structure of the BCSBQ-12 had appropriate validity and reliability among Iranian women. Considering its appropriate psychometric properties, this instrument can be employed in subsequent studies to measure women's breast cancer screening beliefs in Iran.
    Keywords: Validation, Translation, Breast cancer, Screening
  • Zahra, Sadat Hosseini , Hamid Peyrovi *, Mahmoodreza Gohari Pages 39-44
    Introduction
    Frequent and regular exercises in the first six months of stroke may cause return of a significant portion of sensory and motor function of patients. This study aimed to examine the effects of passive range of motion exercise in the acute phase after stroke on motor function of the patients.
    Methods
    A randomized controlled trial study was conducted. The patients with first ischemic stroke were randomly allocated to either experimental (n=33) or control (n=19) group. Passive range of motion exercises was performed in the experimental group during the first 48 hours of admission as 6 to 8 times of 30 minute exercise. Before intervention, and one and three months after intervention, motor function were measured by muscle strength grading scale (Oxford scale) and compared. SPSS version 13.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis. Frequency distribution was used to describe the data. For comparisons, paired t-test, independent t-test was used, and repeated measures test was used.
    Results
    In acute phase, the intervention in the experimental group led to significant improvement of motor function between the first and third month in both the upper and lower extremities. In control group, improvement was observed only in the muscle strength of upper extremity in the first and third month compared to pre-intervention measurement. The greatest improvement was observed in the interval from base to one month in the upper extremity, and base to the first month and the first to the third month in the lower extremity.
    Conclusion
    It is recommended to use early passive range of motion exercise as part of care for people with stroke during the acute phase of the disease.
    Keywords: Stroke, Range of motion, articular, Hemiplegia, Motor activity
  • Javad Shakibamehr, Mojtaba Rad, Rahim Akrami, Mostafa Rad* Pages 45-49
    Introduction
    Pressure ulcer is one of the most common and painful complications in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). This study aimed to compare the effects of tragacanth gel cushions and foamfilled ones on the prevention of pressure ulcers.
    Methods
    This triple-blind, randomized, clinical trial was performed on 94 patients admitted to the ICU of Taleqhani Hospital of Mashhad, Iran. The participants were divided into two groups of tragacanth gel pad and foam (n=47 for each group). Both groups received all the routine care. The participants were examined on a daily basis during a ten-day period. We considered sacral region as the most affected site, and the patients with erythema were excluded from the study. To analyze the data, Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and t-test were run, using Stata version 12.
    Results
    The data showed significant differences in terms of the incidence of skin redness in the tragacanth gel cushions group and foam cushion group, respectively, 6.84 (1.58) and 5.67 (1.26) days after admission. In addition, in the tragacanth gel cushions group 14 patients (29.7%) did not have skin redness compared with the foam cushion group (8.51%), which indicated a significant difference.
    Conclusion
    This study showed that the use of tragacanth gel cushion is effective in the prevention of pressure ulcers in ICU patients. Cushions filled with tragacanth gel also delayed the onset of erythema. Considering their cost-effectiveness and naturalness, the use of tragacanth gel cushions is recommended to improve the sacral skin health and prevent pressure ulcers.
    Keywords: Pressure ulcers, Intensive careunit, Prevention, control
  • Ashraf Ghiasi*, Leila Bagheri, Arezoo Haseli Pages 51-60
    Introduction
    Anxiety is the most common psychological response of women to labor. The aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate and summarize the available clinical evidence on the anxiolytic effects of aromatherapy during the first stage of labor.
    Methods
    Electronic databases including: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/ PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, SID, Iran Doc, ProQuest, and Google Scholar were searched up to Sep10, 2017 with the keywords of 'aroma*', 'aromatherapy', 'essential oil', 'anxiety', and ' labor '. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's 'Risk of bias' tool. The results were reported qualitatively.
    Results
    A total of 14 published papers and 2 unpublished papers were retrieved which met the inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in Iran, Egypt, Korea, and Italy. Essential oils had been used were lavender in 5 articles, rose, clary sage, geranium and frankincense in 3 articles, chamomile, bitter orange, sweet orange and peppermint in 2 articles, mandarin orange, jasmine and clove in 1 article. A majority of the studies suggested a positive effect of aromatherapy in reducing women's anxiety during the first stage of labor.
    Conclusion
    It is recommended that aromatherapy could be applied as a complementary therapy for reducing anxiety during the first stage of labor, but methodologically rigorous studies should be conducted in this area.
    Keywords: Aromatherapy, Anxiety, Clinical trial, Systematic review
  • Sara Setodeh, Fatemeh Ghodrati*, Marzieh Akbarzadeh Pages 61-67
    Introduction
    In addition to physical and psychological tension imposed on women through pregnancy, the stress of the spouses' violence can cause harmful effects on both the fetus and mother. In Iran, there are limited data on this subject. Thus, learning attachment skills may be effective in reducing adaptation and domestic violence. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of paternal attachment on the severity of domestic violence in primgravida women.
    Methods
    This quasi-experiment research was conducted on 150 pregnant women who were eligible and selected through simple convenience sampling. In the intervention group, four 90-minute training sessions were designed on father attachment, while the control group received routine prenatal care. A violence questionnaire was completed both before and after the intervention (36-38 weeks of pregnancy) in both case and control groups. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, using paired t-test and independent t-test.
    Results
    According to the results of an independent t-test, there was no significant difference in psychological violence, physical violence, and economic violence. However, there was a significant change in social violence, sexual violence, and overall violence score.
    Conclusion
    Training the fathers on behavior of domestic violence and its skills leads to reduced social and sexual violence. Therefore, it seems necessary to include education for the fathers in prenatal care.
    Keywords: Education, Anxiety, Domestic violence, Fathers