Journal of Community Health Research
Volume:5 Issue: 4, Oct-Dec 2016

Substance abuse is a common problem and a major public health dilemma with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, due to the increase of drug abuse in recent years, especially among young people and its complications, including loss of life, unwanted pregnancy, suicide commitment, as well as violence and given that our country has a young population, so the present study, aimed to investigate the substance abuse among the students in Yazd, a central city in Iran.
In this cross sectional study 1020 students studying in high school (the first period - the second period) were investigated in the 2015-2016 academic year in the city of Yazd. Multi-stage sampling method using cluster and stratified sampling was used. Information were collected through a standardized questionnaire based on World Health Organization method known as Global school-based student health survey (GSHS) which was translated to Persian. After completion of the questionnaire by students, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and through statistical tests of significance.
The results showed 18.1% of students had at least one history of drug use. 9.5% of students had a history of cannabis use, 12.5% had a history of amphetamines use, 10.8% had a history of taking psychotropic pills, 12.2% had a history of heroin use, 12.9% had a history of opium use, and finally, 9.6% had a history of crack use. There was no significant association between parents education and drug abuse in students.
According to high prevalence and diversity of substance abuse among students, recommend educational program in school and parents supervision. Promotion of parents and teachers knowledge about symptoms of abuse is needed. Family support of adolescents is effective for prevention.

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is considered as an important health problem in Iran. This disease begins as small papules and then they gradually grow and turn into wounds. Since the epidemiological study of this problem is effective in preventing and controlling it, the current research was conducted on epidemiological pattern of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the province of Fars, Iran (2010-2014)
This cross-sectional study was conducted on the registered information (20601 patients) and documents of the patients having problem in Fars province remedial and health care centers over the last 5 years. First, the registered demographic and epidemiological data of patients were extracted and then analyzed through by using SPSS software.
A total of 20601 patients including 10607 males (51%) and 9994 females (49%) participated this study. Patients were in the age range of 20-29 years old and minority of them was 5-9 years old. Most lesions were on the hand and leg of the patients. It was also found that there was a significant relationship between age groups and types of Leishmaniasis (P According to this is investigation, there was an ascending trend in disease frequency which was based on the descending process. This indicates promotion of educational- hygiene status as well as observance of personal hygiene principals.

Prevalence of obesity has been increased in Iran over the recent decades. Little is known about fraction of hypertension attributable to obesity in Iran. This study aimed to determine the population attributable fraction (PAF) of hypertension due to obesity across different provinces of Iran.
Data on prevalence of hypertension, were extracted from Iranian Ministry of Health Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor InfoBase. Measure of association between hypertension and obesity was extracted from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, for men and women separately. The extracted relative risks were used to calculate PAF of hypertension associated with obesity after age standardization of the reported prevalence of obesity across different provinces of Iran.
In this study, PAF of hypertension associated with obesity was observed in females; 25.6 (95% CI:18.9-30.1) more than males 24.6 (95% CI: 18.1-29.2), in males across different provinces, North-Khorasan had the highest PAF of hypertension due to obesity 24.6 (95% CI: 18.1-29.2), following by Gilan 22.3 (95% CI: 16.5-26.3) Semnan, 21.5 (95% CI: 15.8-25.5) In females, North-Khorasan province had the highest PAF 25.6 (95% CI: 18.9-30.1) followed by Semnan 22.3 (95% CI:16.5-26.3 ), Hormozgan and Qom 20.9 (95% CI:15.5-24.6) and Fars 19.6 (95% CI: 14.5-23.1).
Prevalence of hypertension is relatively high in Iran. A sizable share of hypertension in Iranian provinces is associated with obesity. It is recommended that health promotion programs focus on obesity in these provinces.

ADHD is one of the most common disorders among school children throughout the world. Parents of these children are faced with more conflicts than normal children's parents. The Purpose of his study was to evaluate and compare the mental health status of mothers having children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder versus mental health of mothers having normal primary school children, Yazd, Iran.
The sample consisted of 160 mothers of primary-school children who were selected through random cluster sampling; 80 of them had children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder and the remaining half had normal children. Also, for the diagnosis of children with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder, the Conners test as well as test of General Mental Health (GHQ) were used to measure mother's mental health. The data were then analyzed in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test and analysis of variance)
Comparison of mental health and its subscales indicated that mothers of children with ADHD disorder were lower in all aspects of mental health than mothers of normal children.
Conclution: According to the research results, mothers of children with attention deficit/hyperactive disorder have lower levels of mental health than mothers of normal children. So, it is recommended that education and health officials provide training courses for these parents to promote their mental health status and consequently their quality of family life.

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder and falls into the most important illness in pregnancy period. This aimed to determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes and its risk factors in Meibod sity
This cross-sectional study was carried out using registered data of diabetes screening program for all pregnant women living in Meibod County during the years 2013-2014. For 1209 pregnant women without any past record of diabetes, FBS test was done in first gynecology visit. According to existence or lack of risk factors, they went through glucose 3-hour tolerance test (OGTT) with 75 grams of glucose. The data were analyzed using SPSS18 by Chi-squared, t-test and logistic regression test.
Mean age of women diagnosed with gestational diabetes was 27.8±5.85 and for normal healthy women was 26.1±5.35. There was significant relation between age, body mass index, parity, family record of the diabetes and history of gestational diabetes (P=0.000). There was no significant relationship between gestational diabetes and history of hypertension, gestational diabetes, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, child's birth record 4 kg or more and fetal abnormalities in previous pregnancies. There was significant correlation between gestational diabetes and number of risk factor (P According to the results, the prevalence of gestational diabetes was high in Meibod County and more studies are needed in this area.

About 40 years ago, the mental health services providing strategies have been dramatically changed worldwide. As well as, it is considered as a new revolution in mental health and named as community-based mental health movement. Moreover, mental health centers in Iran have been established in order to make a change in urban community-based mental health (CMHC). The first CMHC was founded in Tehran 16th district in 2010. In Yazd, it was established in 2010. In this article, the steps for establishment of the first CMHC were described.