فهرست مطالب

Thrita - Volume:6 Issue: 19, Mar 2017

Thrita
Volume:6 Issue: 19, Mar 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/12/21
  • تعداد عناوین: 5
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  • Salih Sinan Gultekin*, Mehmet Erdogan Page 1
    Context: Transient ischemic dilatation (TID) of the left ventricle is a non-invasive marker of suspected or known Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), and is used for the prediction of prognosis. Because the value of TID has been emphasized by current publications in clinical nuclear cardiology field, the current review of the literature was conducted to present comprehensive overview on the findings in this field.
    Evidence Acquisition: Relevant literature was obtained by searching online databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using the following keywords: transient ischemic dilation, Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (SPECT MPI), procedural guidelines for myocardial perfusion imaging, and coronary artery disease. Articles were inspected to obtain good agreement criteria pertinent to the objective of the study. Overall, 21 relevant articles were selected to be included in the review.
    Results
    Stress-induced subendocardial hypoperfusion, post-ischemic stunning, and impaired coronary flow reserve have been reported as common causes of TID. Transient Ischemic Dilatation can be easily measured by available automatic software on the market, including Emory Cardiac Toolbox, 4D-MSPECT, etc. A close correlation between TID and LV volume/function has been emphasized by previous researchers. Transient Ischemic Dilatation, in the setting of a cardiac SPECT MPI with abnormal findings, has been known to be a robust indicator of severe/extensive CAD and future cardiac events. However, only a limited number of publications are available for its probable use in the setting of normal MPI, especially based on patients at high-risk and those with TID.
    Conclusions
    By using an upper limit value of TID that is derived according to the optimum imaging procedure of a particular laboratory, routine reporting of TID measurement as part of conventional SPECT MPI analysis may be useful.
    Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Myocardial Perfusion Imaging, Myocardial Ischemia, Dilatation, Tomography, Emission, Computed, Single, Photon
  • Seyyed Mohammad Miri, Heidar Sharafi, Pegah Karimi Elizee, Seyed Moayed Alavian* Page 2
    Context: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as the main extrahepatic reservoir of HCV infection, play an important role in HCV progression. Numerous host microRNAs (miRNAs) are probably involved in HCV entry, the formation of viral infection, and the multi step development of chronic Hepatitis C infection. Several disease-associated miRNAs in PBMC have been reported in previous studies. To make a clear view of all miRNAs, which are involved in acquisition of hepatitis C virus infection, we aimed to do a literature review and categorized all miRNAs in different sources of HCV including serum, hepatocytes, and PBMCs.
    Methods
    Using main indexing sources, we searched about “hepatitis C” and “microRNA” in 51 papers, which the roles of different miRNAs involved in HCV infection from pathogenesis to experimental designs were studied.
    Conclusions
    We categorized a complete list of all miRNAs involved in the acquisition of the HCV infection based on the mechanism and source of detection of miRNAs. This may reflect the potential predictors of SVR using miRNAs especially detected in PBMCs versus normal hepatocytes.
    Keywords: MicroRNA_Hepatitis C Virus_PBMC
  • Enam Alhagh Charkhat Gorgich, Sadegh Zare *, Gholamreza Ghoreishinia, Sanam Barfroshan, Azizollah Arbabisarjou, Nazanin Yoosefian Page 3
    Background
    Job stress is highly emphasized among healthcare staff because of their crucial role in the healthcare system.
    Objectives
    The present study aimed to evaluate job stress and mental health among nursing staff of educational hospitals.
    Methods
    This cross-sectional study was conducted on 124 nurses working in educational hospitals of Zahedan, Iran, from November 2015 to April 2016. Data were collected using Osipow job stress (60 questions in 6 subscales) and Goldberg’s general health (28 questions in 4 subscales) Questionnaires, both of which are valid and reliable. The data were presented as mean and standard deviation and analyzed through t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests using SPSS Version 16.0. The significance level was accepted as p less than 0.05.
    Results
    The mean score of job stress in the nurses was 202.64 ± 22.88. Ambiguity in job was the most important factor affecting the nurses’ job stress. The mean score of mental health was 32.41 ± 2.37 for females and 29.36 ± 1.25 for males. Physical disorders had the highest mean among other factors in mental health, and it was 37.24 ± 3.21. There were significant statistic differences between job stress and gender, hospital ward, and working shift of the participants. In addition, a significant difference was obtained between mental health and hospital ward and nurse’s working environment.
    Conclusions
    Job stress can affect all dimensions of nurses’ mental health and may lead to different disorders, particularly somatic and anxiety disorders. It seems that by planning to reduce job stressors (such as workload, and role ambiguity), improving workplace conditions, and implementing training courses to adapt to and control the stressful conditions, we can reduce job stress and improve nurses’ mental health.
    Keywords: Job Stress, Mental Health, Nurses, Hospital
  • Bita Najafian, Mohammad Hossein Khosravi, Forough Setayesh, Majid Shohrati * Page 4
    Background
    Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is one of the most common respiratory disorders among premature infants. Despite recent developments in the application of corticosteroids for preventing RDS, their superiority and possible complications have remained controversial.
    Methods
    In this randomized clinical trial, infants with confirmed diagnosis of RDS were randomly allocated into 2 groups. The first group underwent treatment with intravenous dexamethasone (0.15 mg/kg every 12 hours), and the second group received NAC nebulizer (400 mg every 8 hours) as well as intravenous dexamethasone for 3 to 5 days. Treatment duration, disease and drug complications, number of received doses as well as response to treatment (based on oxygen dependency and need for reintubation), and mortality rates were recorded in a checklist.
    Results
    Finally we evaluated 60 (33 males and 27 females) infants in 2 dexamethasone and N-Acetyl Cysteine groups. Mean arterial oxygen saturation was 88.70% ± 4.31% in NAC and 87.90% ± 5.96% in dexamethasone group before intervention (P = 0.553). In the fifth day of the intervention, the mean arterial oxygen saturation was 93.80 ± 3.86 in NAC and 93.4% ± 3.79% in dexamethasone group (P = 0.321). Prior to the intervention, infants in NAC group had a mean respiratory rate (RR) of 66.33 ± 8.33, and this was 65 ± 12.66 in infants in dexamethasone group (P = 0.656). In the fifth day of intervention, infants had a mean RR of 46.67 ± 9.21 in NAC and 49 ± 12.66 in dexamethasone groups (P = 0.454).
    Conclusions
    No significant difference was obtained between intravenous dexamethasone alone and intravenous dexamethasone with N-Acetyl cysteine nebulizer in the treatment of infantile respiratory distress syndrome. However, a significant response to treatment was observed in both groups.
    Keywords: Intravenous Dexamethasone, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Efficacy, N, Acetyl Cysteine, Mucolytic
  • Nastaran Maghbouli, Fatemeh Moghadas *, Leila Babaei, Maani Beigy Page 5
    Background
    There are limited data regarding personality matching of mentors and mentees in medical academic settings.
    Objectives
    The current study aimed at investigating the relationships between satisfaction of 1st-year medical students with the mentoring program and the mentor/mentee characteristics of temperament and character.
    Methods
    In this prospective study, 99 first-year medical students (59.6% female) were enrolled as a part of formal university mentoring program during the 2012 - 2013 academic year. The mentees and mentors were gender-matched. Participation in the program and the study was voluntarily.
    Results
    Overall, by employing the temperament and character inventory it was possible to correctly predict the satisfaction of a mentoring relationship within the range 65% to 84% through linear, logistic, and non-linear models. Mentees’ cooperativeness and mentors’ novelty-seeking were the significant predictors of total satisfaction scores (R2 = 0.131; P
    Conclusions
    The current study results revealed that personality dissimilarities between mentors and mentees considerably influenced the satisfaction of mentees, which should be confirmed in prospective interventional studies.
    Keywords: Mentoring, Personality, Temperament, Character, Satisfaction, Medical Education