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nephropathology - Volume:6 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

Journal of nephropathology
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Jan 2017

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1395/09/02
  • تعداد عناوین: 6
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  • Mohammad Jafari, Farahnaz Dadras, Hamid Reza Ghadimipour, Mohammad Ali Seif Rabiei, Farhad Khoshjou* Pages 1-4
    Background
    One of common mechanisms in pathophysiology of chronic kidney diseases is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). On the other hand oxidative stress has been known to participate in kidney damage of diabetic nephropathy (DN).
    Objectives
    We studied if tempol, a well-known antioxidant agent, can ameliorate EMT in DN induced in male rats.
    Materials And Methods
    Twenty-seven male rats were equally divided in to 4 groups. Group I (control or C), group II (diabetic or D), group III (T) rats which was given tempol (100 mg/kg/day) by gavages for 28 days and group IV (D&T) was diabetic rats that also received same dose of tempol. After treatment, their kidneys were studied by immunohistochemicalstaining.
    Results
    Pathological changes in the kidney were detected concurrently with increasing kidney weight and urinary albumin excretion. In addition, EMT indices, i.e. decline of E-cadherin and increase of α SMA staining were significantly emerged in the renal tubular cells of diabetic group and were partially modified in diabetic group which were simultaneously treated by tempol.
    Conclusions
    Tempol can modify, but not significantly, EMT induced by DN.
    Keywords: Tempol, Epithelial mesenchymal transition, Diabetic nephropathy
  • Zahra Goodarzi, Esmaeil Karami, Massumeh Ahmadizadeh* Pages 5-9
    Background
    Hexavalent Chromium (Cr (VI)) compounds are extremely toxic and have been demonstrated to induce nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress in humans and animals. The wide environmental distribution of these agents lead to an increase interest of preventive effects of its adverse effects.
    Objectives
    The propose of the present study was to determine the potential protective effects of simvastatin (SIMV) on Cr (VI)-induced nephrotoxicity in rat.
    Materials And Methods
    Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats (180-220 g BW) were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 6). Group one received SIMV 20 mg/kg/day. Group two was given vehicle only. Groups three, five and seven received intraperitoneally (i.p) sodium dichromate (Cr (VI)) at doses of 8, 12 and 16 mg/kg body weight. Groups four, six and eight pretreated with the 20 mg/kg SIMV 30 minutes to prior administration of Cr (VI) at doses of 8, 12 and 16 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment repeated for eight consecutive days. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, animals were killed with overdose of sodium pentobarbital. Kidney tissues were excised for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and histopathological examination.
    Results
    Chromium induced a dose dependent elevation of MDA and reduction of GSH levels. Histopathological manifestations were observed in Cr (VI)-treated rats. SIMV administration restored Cr (VI) produced biochemical and morphological changes in rat kidney. SIMV decreased MDA values and increased GSH levels in Cr (VI)-treated rats. SIMV clearly reversed the microscopic damage, demonstrating its protective effects against Cr (VI)-induced kidney injury.
    Conclusions
    This observation suggests that SIMV may have a protective effect against Cr (VI)-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney.
    Keywords: Simvastatin, Sodium dichromate, Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, Nephrotoxicity
  • Ali Momeni, Mahmood Mirhosseini, Mohsen Kabiri *, Soleiman Kheiri Pages 10-14
    Background
    Vitamin D (Vit D) deficiency is a common disorder in diabetic patients and may be a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and exacerbation of diabetic nephropathy(DN).
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vit D3 therapy on protein uriain type 2 diabetic patients with deficient or insufficient serum Vit D.
    Patients and
    Methods
    In a double blind clinical trial, 60 type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria greater than 150 mg/day who had Vit D deficiency or insufficiency were randomly enrolled in two equal groups. Pearl of Vit D as 50 000 IU/week and placebo (1 tablet per week) were prescribed in patients of case and control groups respectively for 8 weeks. At the beginning and 2 months later, 24 hours urine protein was checked in all patients.
    Results
    There is no difference between serums Vit D level in case and control group at the beginning of the study, however at the end of the study serum Vit D level was significantly higher in the case group. There is no difference in proteinuria between case and control group at the beginning and the end of the study, while a significant difference between the changes of proteinuria before and after the study was seen in two groups (P = 0.028).
    Conclusions
    Vit D deficiency may exacerbate protein uric and DN, hence correction of Vit D deficiency may decrease proteinuria in diabetic patients with nephropathy.
    Keywords: Vitamin D, Diabetes mellitus, Proteinuria, Diabetic nephropathy
  • Fatemeh Foroozanfard, Alireza Soleimani, Elham Arbab, Mansooreh Samimi, Mohammad Reza Tamadon* Pages 15-24
    Background
    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders with an inflammatory basis. It is associated with hyperandrogenism in women and can be also associated with increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Approximately 5% to 10% of women of reproductive age are affected by this disease. This syndrome is the main cause of infertility. Blood pressure may be one of the complications of the syndrome.
    Objectives
    In this study, we sought to assess the role of the IL-17 inflammatory cytokine in increasing blood pressure in patients with PCOS.
    Patients and
    Methods
    In this cross-sectional study, after obtaining informed consent, we evaluated 85 patients with PCOS. IL-17 serum level was measured after separating the serum via ELISA method. The results obtained for the two groups of patients with high blood pressure and normal blood pressure were compared with each other.
    Results
    The daytime blood pressure was abnormal in eight patients, while it was normal in 72 patients. The blood pressure during the day had a direct correlation with the IL-17serum level; as a result, the mean IL-17 serum level in patients with high blood pressure was 77.10 ± 17.94 ??? g/ml while in those with normal blood pressure it was 55.20 ± 13.71 ??? g/ml (P = 0.001). High blood pressure during the night also showed a direct relation with theIL-17 serum level (P = 0.001). In addition, increasing of ambulatory 24-hourblood pressure was significantly related with IL-17 serum level, in such a way that the IL-17 serum level of people with high blood pressure rose by almost 22 ???g/ml during 24 hours (P = 0.001).
    Conclusions
    Our results showed an association between PCO syndrome and inflammatory factors. The IL-17 serum level was directly associated with the increase in blood pressure.
    Keywords: IL, 17, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Inflammatory factors, Renin, angiotensin system
  • Maryam Rahbar, Zahra Chitsazian *, Firoozeh Abdoli, Seyed, Masoud Moeini Taba, Hosein Akbari Pages 25-29
    Background
    Anemia is a common complication of chronic renal failure due to reduce erythropoietin production by kidneys. Anemia treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO). Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) due to antibody productionagainst rHu-EPO is a rare but major complication of this drug.
    Objectives
    The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PRCA due to antibodies in dialysis patients with resistant anemia who received erythropoietin.
    Patients and
    Methods
    We studied 128 under maintenance hemodialysis patients more than 3 month in Kashan. In patients with anemia who received erythropoietin with dose requirements based on weight and anemia and without any another cause for anemia, evaluate for PRCA and anti-rHu-EPO antibody level were measured by ELISA.
    Results
    In this research, 75 patients (58.6%) were male and 53 patients (41.4%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 59.05 ± 16.66 years. The result of analysis showed that 55 (43%) patients had anemia with hemoglobin level less than 10 mg/dL. Only 3 patients had PRCA and antibodies against erythropoietin in serum. There were no correlation between age, gender, cause of renal failure, hemodialysis duration, hemoglobin level, rHu-EPO dose and levels of anti-rHu-EPO antibody serum value.
    Conclusions
    The result of this study indicated that administration of rHu-EPO in dialysis patients afflicted to kidney failure may cause PRCA especially through intravenous injection. However, this change is not statistically significant.
    Keywords: Pure red cell aplasia, Anti, erythropoietin antibodies, Chronic kidney disease, Hemodialysis, Erythropoietin
  • Masoumeh Arabsalmani, Abdollah Mohammadian, Hafshejani, Mahshid Ghoncheh, Fatemeh Hadadian, Farhad Towhidi, Kamran Vafaee, Hamid Salehiniya* Pages 30-42
    Background
    The incidence and mortality of kidney cancer have steadily increased by 2%- 3% per decade worldwide, and an increased risk of kidney cancer has been observed in many Asian countries. The information on the incidence and mortality of a disease and its distribution is essential for better planning for prevention and further studies.
    Objectives
    This study aimed to assess the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer and their correlation with the human development index (HDI) in Asia.
    Materials And Methods
    This ecological study was based on GLOBOCAN data Asia for assessment the correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI and its details that include life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita. We use of correlation bivariate method for assessment the correlation between ASIR and ASMR with HDI and its components.
    Results
    A total of 121 099 kidney cancer cases were recorded in Asian countries in 2012.Overall, 80 080 cases (66.12%) were males. Sex ratio was 1.95. The three countries with the highest number of new patients were china (66 466 cases), Japan (16 830 cases), India(9658 cases), respectively. Positive correlation were seen between HDI and ASIR of kidney cancer 0.655 (P = 0.001), and HDI and ASMR of kidney cancer 0.285 (P = 0.055).
    Conclusions
    A positive relationship between ASIR and the HDI was seen. The relationship is due to risk factors in countries with high development such as older age, smoking, hypertension, obesity, and diet. However, ASMR showed no significant relationship with HDI.
    Keywords: Kidney cancer, Human development index, Incidence, Mortality, Asia