نشریه راهبردهای کارآفرینی در کشاورزی
پیاپی 3 (بهار و تابستان 1394)

One of the main challenges of our society and especially the educated youth job creation in the country. In such circumstances, self-employment, entrepreneurship is one of the most important solutions. Entrepreneurship education can play an important role in changing the attitudes of students towards self-employment and entrepreneurship. In this research the attitude of students towards entrepreneurship Agriculture, based on Q methodology. This method takes advantage of both descriptive and analytical statistics and this feature makes Q method more comprehensive than other research methods. The population in this study included the students in agriculture faculty of Razi university of Kermanshah. Sampling is therefore purposefully and the selected people have special thought in regards to the subject of the research. During the research, to assess the reliability and validity, we use both triangulation and panel of experts. Based on the results of Q-factor analysis, the attitudes of the participants were classified into three groups. The first group define entrepreneurship as a risk-taking and creativity activity, second group define it as a higher social position and the third group believe that entrepreneurship makes them ready to take responsibility in the future.

The purpose of this study is to determine factors that affect the agricultural entrepreneurial motivation, using by discriminant analysis in 2013. The statistical population of research include agricultural entrepreneurs in Guilan and the sample size determined 96, using by simple random sampling method. Questionnaire is research tools that its validity confirmed according the opinion of experts collective and its reliability was calculated 0.82 with Cronbach's alpha formula.The results of this study showed that the motivation of agricultural entrepreneurship increses with increasing the entrepreneur's education, family members participating in entrepreneurial activity, hours devoted to the entrepreneurial activity and also rising household cost and income from entrepreneurship. Also, the effect of variables of sex (Increasing the number of men versus women), entrepreneur's job and type of entrepreneurial activity on rise of entrepreneurial motivation is possitive, while this relation is negative about the effect of variables of age and marital status of entrepreneur. However the results of structure matrix showed that household cost, income from entrepreneurial activity and hours devoted to the entrepreneurial activity are the most important factors of distinction between those two groups.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the commercialization barriers of agricultural knowledge at IAU, Ilam Branch in 2013. The methodology of this research was applied in objective, a field study as far as the monitoring and control of variables is concerned, also in method of data gathering is descriptive. The statistical population included 90 postgraduate students studying agricultural extension and farm management. Since the statistical population were limited a small number of students, census method was used. The reliability of questionnaire was computed through Cronbach's alpha (&alpha=0.93), which was statistically acceptable. The Face validity of the questionnaire was affirmed by consulting the viewpoint of the faculty member's agricultural extension and management department. The findings ranking of commercialization barriers of agricultural knowledge at IAU, Ilam branch indicated that the cultural barriers are the first priority. Also, the factor analysis of the commercialization barriers of agricultural knowledge showed that five main factors including economic, social, educational political-logistical and legal accounted for 76.76 percent of the total variance. The most important factor among these five factors was the economic one, which accounted for about 46.32 percent of the total variance.

In many developed and developing countries, the agricultural sector plays an important role in food production, employment and trade. Employment issues and complexities of today's society as well as the attention of many politicians, has attracted experts. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting agricultural employment Because the investment and value added agriculture is one of the most important factors affecting employment, Therefore, in this study, during the period 1365-1391 to examine the effects of long-run and short-run investments and the value-added agriculture of Iran employment is discussed. Model estimation is method econometric using of Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results showed that the added value of agricultural employment in the long term relationship between negative and positive relationship with the investment is obtained and short-run investment is significant and direct impact on employment. So that in the long run, a billion dollars increase in Value Added reduce employment to 56 people and a billion dollars increase in investment is rise employment to 88 people. Negative correlation with value added and employment suggests that the employment rate will be reduced in the process of agricultural development and also it is recommended to invest in agricultural infrastructure enables the creation of employment opportunities in order to increase the employment rate to be made.

Business enterprises are places for growth and progress of entrepreneurs. Businesses and entrepreneurship play key role in economic development of various communities. The purpose of this research was to identify difficulties of agricultural businesses in animal sub-sector of Ilam Township. This research was applied and a descriptive-survey method was used. Population of this study was 952 managers of enterprises which by using of proportionate stratified random sampling method and use of Cochran formula 120 enterprises were selected. Instrument of data gathering was questionnaire that its validity confirmed by expert panel and for reliability of questionnaire, cronbach alpha coefficient was used that its value was equal to 0.93 that is acceptable. Descriptive statistics such as mean, frequency and coefficient of variance were used for data analysis. Difficulties of businesses were categorized by factor analysis. Results showed that difficulties of infrastructure-public(%23/40), economic(%15/15), marketing(%13/25), management(%10/03), educational(%4/24) and sociocultural(%3/10) have identified as the main difficulties of agricultural businesses that these factors explain %69/178 of total variance.

The aim of present study is identifying the entrepreneurship educational barriers is miandoab agricultural educational center this is a descriptive-correlation and survey study. Statistical population of the study include, all students in miandoab agricultural education center who participate in entrepreneurship courses. A simple random sample of 186 students was selected using the krejcie and Morgan table. In order to gathering data, interview and questionnaire were utilized as the main tools of data gathering a survey study. The validity of questionnaires were confirmed with corrective feedback from professors of Tarbiat Modares university. According to the results of this study, lake of interaction between university and entrepreneurial firms and avoidance of using skillful teachers are the main educational barriers. Also, based on the results of factor analysis weakness of policy and planning are the main barriers.

The purpose of this research is identifying the role of Keshavarzi Bank’s payment facilities to Small and Medium Size Enterprise (SME) in agricultural employment and production from viowpoint of bank customers in Abhar and Khorramdarreh townships. This study is descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the study consisted of all Recipients of capital facilities in the years 1391-1384 more than 50 million riyals from the Keshavarzi Bank that have used reception facilities in the agricultural sector. The proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used to reach the respondents. (N=210) out of which 135 people were selected as a sample. Cochran formula was used for sample size (&alpha=0.75-0.80). The researcher made questionnaire was used that confirm its validity and reliability. The results showed that the respondents to a large extent (m = 4.47) on the role of facilitator in the development of agriculture and increase production and earn more (m = 4.25) were agreed. Paired t-test analysis showed that respondent's income before and after the facilities were significant differences in the level of error is 5 percent, based on the resulting average income of respondents has increased after receiving facilities.