نشریه پژوهشهای سیاسی جهان اسلام
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 20، پاییز 1395)

Reference groups are the most important identity resources of the society by which individuals obtain their behaviors and values. Therefore, the analysis of changing process in young generation attitudes in regard with reference groups is accounted as the most significant concerns of the social program makers. Regarding the rapid changes in human societies, especially in our society, changes have also been occurred in social references. Due to the lack of studies in 1980s in this field, first, the related surveys were closely examined. Then, three studies done in the years of 1980, 1981, and 1982, which have identical indexes, were chosen. By adopting the indexes and obtaining the means of values in this relation, the attitude changes have been shown through the graphs. In this research, the analysis of secondary data from national surveys has used applied. The results of the research show that the trend of the younger generation to clerics has been decreasing in these 5 years. The findings indicate that young people adopt their behavioral and intellectual models mostly from their teachers, university professors, and athletes. Considering the inevitable effects of the clergies in our country during the past 150 years, and also the notion of religious characteristics of our political system, this issue is more significant. In the end, solutions are provided to solve this problem.

In the era of globalization, the worldwide spread of English, especially through English Language Teaching (ELT), is known as one of the most controversial issues in the field of applied linguistics and political sciences. Conceiving the importance of this conceptual shift in the field of applied linguistics which introduces English spread and the mainstream of ELT as inherently problematic phenomena as well as concerning the cultural, social, ideological, and political differences between the Center and the Iranian society, this research aimed at studying the situation of ELT in Islamic countries in the Middle East in the line of Linguistic Imperialism and pathology of teaching English in Iran as a member of Islamic world. The review of the previous studies showed that ELT community has been affected by this critical conceptual shift in such a way that in some important categories including methods, material and curriculum development, English spread and policy, the linguistic imperialism theory dominates. It can be concluded that linguistic imperialism position carries special weight alongside the mainstream of ELT in ELT community's perspective in Islamic countries such as Iran. Some strategies are suggested in this study to prevent damage caused by globalization through linguistic imperialism. The previous studies showed that English Imperialism cause cultural, social, political, and ideological damages in Islamic countries in the Middle East such as Iran. Solving this problem requires research and investigation in this area. In the present study, the author analyzing the situation in Iran context as an Islamic country, concluded that, using their own strategy in dominating the culture of English language countries, policy makers in Islamic countries can reserve the flow in dominating Islamic notions and cultures in these countries by adopting a new trend in English Language Teaching strategies with inclination to Islamic thoughts.

Arab-Israeli conflict over the past decades has been the oldest problem in the Middle East. There have been four wars in this area during 2004-2014 decades. The main research question is: “What were the Israel’s aims in the wars against Hezbollah and Hamas?” In response it seems that concurrent with destruction of infrastructure in Lebanon and Palestine, the Israel’s aims of these wars have been related to the balance of power in the Middle East. In this way, Israel has shaped its regional policy with the aim of balancing power in the Middle East and creating further gaps between the countries of the Islamic world and the Palestinian and Lebanon supporters. Thus, the Arab-Israeli wars during the past decade could be interpreted as a conscious challenge to undermine the balance of regional power. This research aims to review the four Israel wars over the past decade. The results show how dominant culture on balance of power influence the perceptions of different countries and the results of the wars and how balance of power are determined by the actors in this field.

It is obvious that the economic performance and political structure of society have close and mutual relationship so that the success and sustainability of any political structure would be dependent on the economic performance. On the other hand, the economic performance is dependent on the nature and quality of political structure both in the formulation of economic policies and its implementation. The country performance in international business and trading balance as an indicator of economic performance is affected by the quality of the political structure of the society. This paper examines the impact of political instability on international business in Iran using autoregressive and distributed lag (ARDL) Model. The results of the model show that political stability has a positive effect on the country's trade balance and international business, in a way that with one percent increase in the quality of political structure and political stability, balance of trade increases 11 percent. In addition, real effective exchange rate and economic growth have also positive and significant effect on the trade balance of the country.

Takfiri-Salafi groups are the movements that justify their violent actions in setting up their ideal society with a superficial reading of religious propositions. They attempt to react to modernity oriented processes by their dogmatic interpretation that is far from any Intellectual Ijtihad from Sharia influenced by psychic background and their psychological structure. Daesh, as one of the branches of Salafi movements, attempts to justify its violence by radical interpretation of religious propositions. Their radical interpretation of the religion aside from being in the Sharia statements is the result of inflammatory psychological atmosphere and confusion in the face of the modern world. The present study aims, besides radical interpretations of religion, investigate the psychological factors that affect individuals’ tendency to Daesh group and its violence. The results of the study show that pressures of the modern world on dogmatic reading have been effective in terms of Sharia and tendency to behavioral violence for meeting suppressed needs. This study aims to examine thoughts and actions of Daesh in terms of psychological and political viewpoints using basic assumptions focusing reading of Zizek from Lacan applying descriptive and analytical method.

One of the most prominent characteristics of Islam is its realistic view at human’s future as the most problematic issue of human being. Islam’s comprehensive perspective towards future studies could be realized by the ability to predict the future through studying or visualizing by using scientific approaches, religious doctrine, and spiritual revelation in all areas. This perspective considers all aspects, specially the characteristics of apocalypse. In this article, we attempt to infer the characteristics of Mahdavi’s utopia. Hence, a study of the fundamental issues and characteristics of future governance of the world, and the role of Islamic revolution of Iran in the preparation for emersion of the savior of human being, relying on Nahjul-Balagha, are the most important topics which are investigated in this research.

Traditionalist realists were indifferent to the importance of ideas. In fact, in 1939
.A.H.Car describes and classifies the international power into three categories: military
power, economic power, and power dominant on ideas and thoughts (hegemonic power).
In terms of realistic concept, power was reduced to perceivable and sensible sources.
Soft power is not a form of idealism or liberalism but it is a form of power or a way
of access to favorable results. Legitimacy is the reality of power. Rival or competitive
struggles for legitimacy is a part of enhancing or depriving the soft power, and in this
conflict, governments are not the only actors but firms, institutions, non-governmental
organizations, and even terrorist networks have their own soft power. It is very
important to emerge the soft and hard power with strategies that are defined as smart
power (NYE,JR,2004,1-6). Soft power in internal and external policy create identity
making, inspiring and mobilization of public thoughts to meet the major aims of political
system, revival of fragmented identities, creation of unity in country, consolidation of
regional and international political position of the system, enhancement of the sense of
dynamism, progression and enhancement of fighting and defending of the existence of
the political system, and its ideals. But in the hard and non–divine systems, it causes
new colonialism, moral justification and purge of hegemonic behaviors, incitements
of public thoughts against imaginary enemy, projection and covering the faults and
internal problems of the political system.