فصلنامه جامعه، فرهنگ، رسانه
پیاپی 23 (تابستان 1396)

This paper studies Imam Reza Pilgrimage from 2 dimensions as potential making and a channel for establishing intercultural communications while describing the function of cultural communications and the cultural construction of belief institutionalized by the use of television. With respect to internal dimension, Imam Reza Pilgrimage and intercultural communications of Iranian subcultures have drawn attention and the trip of different Iranian ethnics, affiliates of different religious branches and villages’ inhabitants to holy city of Mashhad are considered. Considering the external dimension or international intercultural communications, the trip of Shiites from different countries to Mashhad is regarded as the indicator of this kind of intercultural communications. The historical & artistic attractions of Imam Reza holy shrine, specifically the outstanding architecture and history of holy shrine and identical characteristic of shrine museums for improving tourism and developing intercultural communications are investigated in this paper. Considering the role of IRIB, in order to use the potentials of intercultural communications of Imam Reza holy shrine, some suggestions are presented on media policy making to be submitted to Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (Radio & Television).

This article aims to answer the questions about IRIB’s reaction to the news streams regarding the two news events of “Acid attacks on women in Isfahan “and “Demise of Iranian popstar Morteza Pashaie “; also how was the quality of the news coverage of IRIB for these two events and to what extent IRIB has been successful. Therefore, after monitoring news streams of both the above-mentioned events, news experts have been asked to give their views about the news. 16 media experts have been interviewed, who were chosen through purposive sampling, including news experts, IRIB’s senior managers as well as IRIB’s news editors. Results derived from qualitative data analysis in two open and axial coding phases have shown that IRIB news department had postponed the coverage of these two events due to five external and three internal organizational limitations. Moreover, six weaknesses regarding the way of covering these news events have been identified which are wasting golden time, slowness in national media to confront unethical conducts of media, lack of scenario for managing news, inactivity of reporters and editors, committing quantitative mistake, neglecting social media.
This study also has shown that in the case of Pashaie’s demise, IRIB has succeeded in covering the news in due course but different views have been stated on this event by experts. Some have claimed that IRIB’s coverage has been appropriate but the others have asserted that IRIB has overreacted to this event. In conclusion, proposals for improving IRIB’s performance in making news streams has been presented in three groups related to “starting the coverage of news events in due course”,” to compensate if left behind “, and “agenda setting”.

The purpose of this article is to study musical politics in the IRIB. In the introduction, the importance of music as a part of popular culture and its role in everyday life has been outlined; also the music relation with the mass media, which forms a part of the social structure and experiences of everyday life has been studied. In the theoretical part, there is an attempt to combine theories in the field of culture and media as well as the concept of music as a social fact to achieve a better perception of the various aspects of the music policy in the media. This research has been carried out through qualitative method and depth interview technique with ten experts in IRIB. According to the results, the organization's definition of music affects its policy making. This definition is included by factors such as religious culture, political power, the organization definition of the audience, and the combination of music with the concept of national media. According to the organization's definition of music, Instinct music, natural music, media music, and functional music are the categories of the concept of music. Thus, music is the communication and power tool, and musical concepts like pleasure, leisure, and audience are defined by the political and hegemonic status of the IRIB. These definitions are constantly exposed to the external and internal challenges of the organization and are changing all the time. Ultimately, the policy of music is made based on these challenges, as well as policies and criteria formed in the context of ideology and culture.

In the field of public health, there is so much attention on mass media for changing attitude, forming behavior and generally convincing the audience to care about their health. This article describes the role of communicative tools and the change in health communication using documentary method.
Communicative changes in each era, the evolution of communicative tools in different times and the impact on medicine and health are discussed in this paper. The internet influence on health is also studied specifically. Besides, the advantages and usages of internet in searching and consuming health information are investigated. Internet has led to have a kind of interactive health communication which its combination with smartphones has made "mobile medicine".

In this paper the relation of Kierkegaard’s authenticity with internet as educational technology has been studied. To do so, Conceptual interpretation, analytical and deductive methods have been used. Firstly, Kierkegaard’s ideas about authenticity and its relation with authenticity components like communication and existential anguish has been explained. Kierkegaard believes that human's authenticity is based upon individuality and solitude and meanwhile having authentic communication with others and avoiding shallowness or getting involved with routine. Then the relation of every components of existential authenticity with internet has been investigated. Through internet, the possibility of the emergence of individuality and communicating with people in different times and places can be feasible. On the other hand, internet may decrease concentration and decision making ability and cause shallowness. Besides, there will be a lack of components of authentic communication like face to face communication and authentic life experiences.

Today, no industry can take the path of dynamism and development without utilizing the potentials of mass media. In this respect, the tourism industry in general and food tourism in particular, are no exception. Hence, regarding the richness of Rasht County in terms of food products, as well as considering the capabilities of the mass media in the development of the tourism industry, this research which is an applied one, has been carried out with the aim of investigating the role of media in promoting food tourism in this County. The required data have been collected by distributing a Likert scale questionnaire among tourists from Rasht County (384 people) during the period of January 2017 to September 2017. In addition, SPSS20 software has been used for the statistical tests. Based on the results of regression analysis, the role of media in promoting food tourism in the pre-travel, on-travel and post-travel phases has been confirmed. In the end, some practical suggestions have also been stated.

The disposition towards public affairs, which we conveniently sum up as individualism and laissez-faire, drew its sustenance from many different rivulets of thought and springs of feeling. For more than a hundred years our philosophers ruled us because, by a miracle, they nearly all agreed or seem to agree on this one thing. We do not dance even yet to a new tune. But a change is in the air. We hear but indistinctly what were once the clearest and most distinguishable voices which have ever instructed political mankind. The orchestra of diverse instruments, the chorus of articulate sound, is receding at last into the distance. At the end of the seventeenth century the divine right of monarchs gave place to natural liberty and to the compact, and the divine right of the church to the principle of toleration, and to the view that a church is 'a voluntary society of men’, coming together, in a way which is 'absolutely free and spontaneou's (Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration). Fifty years later the divine origin and absolute voice of duty gave place to the calculations of utility. In the hands of Locke and Hume these doctrines founded Individualism. The compact presumed rights in the individual; the new ethics, being no more than a scientific study of the consequences of rational elflove, placed the individual at the centre. ‘The sole trouble Virtue demands', said Hume, 'is that of just Calculation, and a steady preference of the greater Happiness.' (An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, section LX).
These ideas accorded with the practical notions of conservatives and of lawyers. They furnished a satisfactory intellectual foundation to the rights of property and to the liberty of the individual in possession to do what he liked with himself and with his own. This was one of the contributions of the eighteenth century to the air we still breathe.