فصلنامه جامعه، فرهنگ، رسانه
پیاپی 18 (بهار 1395)

This study aims to present a conceptual-theoretical model in order to facilitate the
future researches about rhetoric. Owing to media spread, content diversity, increase
in audience access to media and in media consumption, the audiences’ media literacy
has been increased respectively and today audience persuasion is different from past.
Therefore the approach of this study to rhetoric and its reception is different. rhetoric
,in its traditional definition, is the art of using language and speech effectively and
persuasively.in context of media studies, rhetoric is known as a set of techniques
in the service of media producers, but in this article rhetoric is considered as an
epistemological system in audience properties by which People can know about their
around.
The presentation of this modal can help us to answer these question: What is audience
position relative to the text message and the sender in rhetoric approach, what is
the role of receiver (audience), regardless of message and sender of the message?
What is the function of rhetoric in audiences’’ epistemological system when receiving
a message?

Movies are one of the cases that shape our imagination of the concept of childhood.
Movies present unrealistic theories about physical and cognitive growth of children
and help form hypotheses about how they should be. In this regard, movies includes
views and ideologies that are not created accidentally or automatically. Movies as
genre of media production, can be considered a good part of social and political
structures.
In fact, the presented picture of a child in many of movies indicates that the child is an
obedient person who has to follow the plans determined by adults.
Thus, the present study intends to investigate the signified (the presented picture of
a child) of signifiers which has been pictured in one of the selected films for Children
and Young Adults’ festival. The researcher tries to answer the major question that
is “how has been presented the concept of childhood in film of «the child and the
angel»?
From the findings of this study, it can be assumed that this war film fails to represent
a real position of the child regarding her age and also the war conditions has shaped
an «adult child” picture of her.

Most of the times, Media form our imagination about main social, economic and
political issues. Media also form the ways we think about these issues. This article
aims to recognize the role of TV Foreign News in audience understanding about the
events happening across the world(Iraq crisis).
The main questions of this article are: first, to what extent TV has been successful in
shaping people›s mental pictures of the world? Second, how successful has been TV to
achieve its goals in telling people what to think about the world›s issues? Framework
of this article is based on cultivation and agenda setting theories.
The results of this article show that Tehran residents generally believe in the Iraq
realities portrayed on TV but the intensity levels are different .So, it suppose that
Islamic republic of Iran’s broadcasting is successful in forming public opinion about
international events.

This paper aims to identify Iranian users’ reasons in preferring Telegram on other Instant Messaging Applications (IMAs). Recently, Telegram has become the most popular IMA in Iran and many people use that every day. Using an extension of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), I try to answer the question why Iranians use this app instead of other IMAs such as Viber, Line and WhatsApp. The methodology was online survey by GoogleDrive.com and a combination of purposed and snowball sampling was choose as sampling method. The sample consisted of 127 respondents and data was analyzed by SPSS 23. The results show the perceived enjoyment, social effects, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use is more severe for Telegram, comparing with other IMAs. Also, the findings confirm there is no relationship between education, age, job, income and gender with using Telegram. So we can conclude using Telegram is so pervasive in all of Iranian groups.

The basic question of this article is to identify the organizational and cultural issues in the development of communication and its fundamental question is whether 82 to 92 years Scholar document cultural objectives have been achieved or not? The advantage of this development and 54 percent pointed to a lack of understanding of the needs of the authorities claiming that underdevelopment. Meanwhile, %46 believe there is no appropriate interaction between institutions, 77 percent of the development of the field and %100 of haphazard and non knew little development to further the development of the qualitative assessment. In the years of good growth, but in cases such as the number of books published, licensed publications, numerous governmental and non-synchronized Exclusive stay IRIB and centers have not been successful and there is the prospect of the distance stated in the document.

In the historical and social periods, the elements of time and place are getting really
important. And religion faced by epistemological questions of competitors. This
various and new situations create new attitude towards religion that is interpreted on
type of religiosity. To investigate this issue, the point of view of various experts about
all kinds of religiosity has studied and finally the William Shepard’s model selected,
because it covers all other typology, aspects and species. The method of this research
is Survey and the data collection tool is Questionnaire. The Statistical Population is
undergraduate students of Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran., that by
using Stratified Random Sampling, 247 persons selected. In conclusion, in terms of
religion or religiosity, 7.5 percent of respondents are Islamic Radicals, 6.23 percent are
Traditional, 5.49 percent are new Traditional, 4.18 percent are Islamic Modernist and
8.2 percent are Secular. Therefore, the most of the respondents in terms of religion
and religiosity are new Traditional.

This study reports the findings of a visual content analysis of 1305 Iraq War-related photographs appearing in the US press, represented by The New York Times, and the British press, represented by The Guardian . Overall, the two newspapers visually portrayed the Iraq War differently. Further, the more spontaneous or direct coverage of actually ongoing events were rare at best, and were exclusively found in photographs that ran in The Guardian. One aspect of the pictorial coverage, however, seems unprecedented: the emphasis on the human cost of the war focusing on Iraqi civilians. Moreover, images of loss of military life were scarce but still available.