Journal of Research and Rural Planning
Volume:3 Issue: 4, 2015

Creativity and innovation are the main foundations of sustainable rural development. Among other contributing factors، rural entrepreneurship particularly in agricultural sector can assist rural economic development by identifying strengths، weaknesses، opportunities and threats of the sector as well as by strategic planning.

For reaching this goal، a combination of methods (descriptive - analytical) is used. The statistical population is the villagers living in the Township located in the Golestan province in Minoodasht (10613 = N). Then 170 members of this population were chosen as sample members by random sampling method based on Cochran’s sampling formula. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data and its validity was examined and confirmed by faculties and also its reliability was examined and confirmed by Cronbach’s Alpha in the pretest phase. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software.

The results of the study revealed that based on the obtained scores، the villagers can be categorized into four types in terms of rural entrepreneurship: traditional، fairly traditional، flexible، and leading. Discriminant analysis also indicated that، according to Wilkes lambda values، risk factors، income from main employment، entrepreneurship and the level of education compared to other variable can predict the level of rural entrepreneurship in Minoodasht Township better than other factors. Research limitation: One of the main challenges in this study is to access the information of the status of rural entrepreneurship in the area. Practical implications: Regarding the findings، strategies such as field visits and activities of successful entrepreneurs، entrepreneurship courses and creativity and so on، have been proposed. Original/value: The importance of this research is that recognizing the variables such as risk taking status، rural income، knowledge and awareness of entrepreneurs can help to innovate and creates new job opportunities. population، villagers living in the Township are located in the Golestan province Minoodasht (10613 = N). Then 170 members of this population were chosen as sample members by random sampling method based on Cochran’s sampling formula. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect data and its validity was examined and confirmed by faculties and also its reliability was examined and confirmed by Cronbach’s Alpha in the pretest phase. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of the study revealed that villagers can score at four categories of rural entrepreneurship to traditional، fairly traditional، flexible، and leading villagers’ categories. Discriminant analysis also indicated that، according to Wilkes lambda values، risk factors، income from main employment، entrepreneurship and the level of education compared with other variable، better able to predict the level of rural entrepreneurship Minoodasht Township are.

The current paper is intended to assess effective factors of residents’ satisfaction of their quality of living environment from Miandeh rural-ship residents’ view in Fasa County. Accordingly، with regard to conceptual literature of quality of environment، 16 selected factors taken from conceptual framework، have been assessed and evaluated.

In terms of the objective of the research، the method is applied and، in case of the method، it is descriptive-analytic. The sample size was calculated 384 cases for study area using Cochran’s formula. To analyze data، one sample t-test، Spearman correlation coefficient، Phi and Cramer tests have been used. In addition، to complete the analysis، both fuzzy multi-criteria techniques and cluster analysis were used. Generally، the ultimate score of residents’ satisfaction level of their living environment were classified into three classes including: High satisfaction، Medium satisfaction، low satisfaction.

The lowest satisfaction rate of residents is corresponded to rural areas such as: Bisheh Zard، Rahim abad، Goharab and Abuzar abad which the obtained satisfaction rate is lower than average. In this case، promotion of access، physical condition of the roads، creation، expansion، anticipated range of leisure facilities in slums، improving rural waste and disposal collection، revitalization the around rural spaces specially in Rahimabad and Bisheh zard could be enumerated as approaches that have been proposed based on the results. Research limitation: The limitation of the research was about time، financial issues and the attitude of the rural population and the questions related to issues such as social or financial affairs. Practical implication: The present study has emphasized on the strategy that to create a favorable environment considering environmental potentiality of rural areas a codified program should be developed for the residents which has the characteristics of life satisfaction. Enhancing the environment quality of life in rural areas helps village''s stability. Original/ value: The value of this research is having different look and provided residents views to quality environment life is in rural areas of Iran.

Today، the urban and rural areas cannot continue to exist apart from each other. According to geographical viewpoint، the study of a town is not limited to the city itself. Because a town with its surroundings، the surrounding villages and other neighbor towns has a strong geographical link.

This study is applied and method descriptive-analytical. The study population consisted of 32 villages around the city of Babol. To determine the sample size in the household questionnaire، a total of 7،288 households in villages، according to the formula Cochran، 745 households were selected as an example of the questionnaire village to village councils Dehyary and dedicated approach. Data collected by tests Chi-square، Friedman، Single-sample T، T dependent two group''s testes of computer SPSS software.

This study is showed that the relationship between Babol and the surrounding villages have been non-organic in the economic domains variable rural cost and income in the town، rural supply and demand in the town، the transactions related to buying and sale of land، diversity in employment and rural tourism، in the social values and beliefs and access to services and in the field of environmental. Research limitation: To achieve a balanced and organic pattern، space research، such as the field of interaction and links people، goods، money، capital، information and materials separately، with the aim to identify problems and gaps in the relationship further deliberation and villages around the city of Babylon trying to provide a balanced and organic model is recommended. Practical implication: The relationship between Babol and the surrounding villages، planning field of urban tourism development in the villages around the of Babol city، the creation of additional industrial activities and processing of agricultural products، with the aim of increasing and diversifying employment، management of transactions related to the purchase and sale of land، with the aim of preventing optimal management and control land speculation and the influx of irregular field of population and housing officials are placed in villages surrounding the Babol city in the area studied is provided. Original/ value: The study of the social and economic dimensions of urban rural relations، the regional integrated network approach that the optimal approach in relations between the city and the village، is a concern.

Porpuse: This study aims to identify factors affecting rural women''s participation in educational- extension programs of the Jihad- Agriculture service centers in Amol township، in order to be able to take positive steps in facilitating and accelerating the process of rural and agricultural development، as the result of the improvement in their level of participation.

Considering the aims of the study، the present study is applied research and descriptive-correlational in nature. To collect data، library research and field survey were used. The data collection instrument used in this study was a questionnaire، which reliability and validity has been confirmed by the use of the Cronbach''s alpha test (86/0> α> 78/0) and the related experts’ opinions. The research population consisted of 67،488 (N= 67488) rural women in Amol township; from which، based on Cochran formula، 384 subjects (N=384) were selected using proportional stratified sampling. SPSS16 software was also used for data analysis.

Descriptive results of this study demonstrated that rural women''s participation in educational-extension programs is on a good level. The analytical results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between rural women’s age، education level، monthly income، the extent of information sources’ use، social characteristics، attitudinal characteristics، and economic characteristics on one hand; and the extent of their participation in educational-extension programs on the other hand. The results of multiple regression analysis also revealed that the economic characteristics، educational level، income level، attitudinal factors، age and the extent of using information sources، explain 37. 10% of the variations in participation rates of rural women in educational-extension programs. Research limitation: Access to rural women and gaining the needed information، were the major challenges in the present study. Practical implications: According to the research results، conducting gender analysis to provide information in order to clarify the role and the significance of rural women’s education in sustainable agriculture and rural development، educational promotion of rural women، improving women''s attitudes and etc. can be considerably effective in increasing the participation of rural women in educational- extension programs. Original/value: Considering the fundamental role of rural women in agricultural and rural development -especially in the northern regions of Iran-، identifying factors that affect the extent of their participation in educational-extension programs of Jihad-Agriculture service centers which facilitate agricultural and rural development، is so necessary.

One component of human rights is suitable housing. Certainly after the air، food and clothing، suitable housing is among the most basic necessities for living with honor and human dignity and it is one the most important standards for a desirable living and a perquisite to achieve social justice.

This study is applied - developmental and the methodology is «descriptive - analytic». it aims to assess the health status of rural housing and the factors influencing it. The population of this research is the forest – mountainous villages in eastern region of Bandpey in Babol County. Among the 235 forest - mountain villages، 36 villages was chosen as the sample of the study based on systematic random sampling method. The data was collected through questionnaires، semi-deep interview and from health center. The data was analyzed by the use of Excel and the SPSS statistical software.

The results indicate that the major health challenges of the rural houses are mice and other harmful animals، not having a fire fighting capsule، the electrical and fire hazards and the unsanitary disposal of household waste are the most important home health variables that need special attention. The safety of roof and floor and the foundation of the building and the stairs guard، walls and windows are the second priority. The home lighting، kitchen، toilet، bathroom and garden area as well as the lack of an emergency door is the next priority. The economic factors (income)، occupation، education and the property status have direct and significant relationship with housing health and also the family size factors، distance from the city، distance from the road and the age have inverse and significant relationship with housing health. Research limitation: Data collection and lack of research resources about the topic of this research are the main challenges of this study. Practical implications: Institutional cooperation between the agencies involved in improving housing quality، enhancing economic power of rural household، increasing participation and awareness of rural villagers including practical implementation of practical programs of health promotion for rural housing. Original/value: This article investigated the health status of housing in forest-mountain villages which are in specific conditions، have been considered. This study can be helpful for national and local authorities، housing agencies، healthcare organizations and other institutions involved in rural health issues in general and housing health in particular.

Quality of life is a concept that in recent years، due to his role in mental health، has gain importance. Low living conditions in rural areas results in rural migration to the big cities، have followed many social، economic and environment problems in rural areas and in the cities. The role of rural development in the economic، social، political aspects in various regional scales is evident.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of rural life in Khodabandeh Township which has been done with economic، social، cultural elements. Objectives of the review are detailed below: How villagers are satisfied with the quality of life in rural areas? The reliability of the questionnaire، approved by pre-test of 30 questionnaires was completed in the study area and the alpha level of 950 / 0 was obtained. After completing questionnaires، the results were compiled and analyzed by SPSS software. To measure quality of life in rural areas T-Test was used.

Examining components of quality of life in the villages showed that belonging to place has the highest average in fact represent the interest of the villagers to living in these areas. Employment and income are in the latest ranking. In fact، in most rural areas، the situation is good because it can be considered in the development of agricultural and animal husbandry activities. Limitations: There are several ways to measure the quality of life that the lack of appropriate data، limits the researcher on the use of objective methods for measuring the quality of life. Practical: The most important management strategy for these villages is to improve rural infrastructure and services aimed improving the quality of life in the villages. Originality and value: This article can be another step towards the development of rural quality of life literature in geographical and planning sciences.

Guiding plan for the village is among rural development projects that has a fundamental role in the comprehensive development in rural areas. Hence، this article tries to check the effects of implementing the guiding plan on improving the life quality of villagers. The research method is descriptive - analytical and data is collected from library and field studies. Statistical population of this research are villages of central city of Rasht which are shown in two groups: implemented guiding plan villages and currently having guiding plan، and then according to ranking population، four villages were selected through random sampling. By using Morgan tables the number of samples was determined (378 samples) and distributed between noted villages by using rational method. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test، Mann-Whitney test and regression. The results showed that the implementation of the guiding plan have a positive impact just on the economic dimension of quality of life in the villages of central city of Rasht but has no significant impact on the social، physical and environmental dimensions. During the investigation، it was found that informing the villagers of the implementation of the guiding plan was a positive step in improving the quality of life and the quality of life is different between implemented guiding plan villages and currently having guiding plan. Research limitation: Achieving Information and checking the quality of rural life were among the challenges of this study. Practical implications: According to the obtained results، attending to all dimensions of quality of life and also awaring villagers is very important in creating a sense of participation and life quality Original/value: Evaluation of the implementation of guiding plan is an important topic that can lead to be aware of the views and the opinions of experts، identification of strengths and weakness of designs and rural development programs.

This study aims to study the role of management in rural development to cope with earthquake hazards in Zaghe village-khoram Abad city. Thus، management and planning to prevent and secure these hazards and its dangerous effects were among the goals of this research.

The nature of this research was applied and descriptive - analytical. The library and field work (questionnaire، interview and observation) were used for data collection. For data analysis، statistical methods such as one sample t-test، Friedman and multivariable regression were used.

The results show that according to one-sample t-tests of various dimensions (economic، sociality and cultural، environmental and spatial)، there was meaningful relationship between them and also their difference according to numerical utility was analyzed and determined. Friedman test also showed that the most ranged mean was spatial-environmental and the least to institutional، social and economic capacity. The results of regression test showed that there was meaningful relationship among four factors: social، economic، institutional and spatial environmental. Research limitations: In the investigated area، on the one hand، the location of the country is on track the route faults was not considered and the construction in this region is growing strongly and if earthquake happens، it will face human and economic costs. On the other hand، the people of this area are not familiar with coping methods for the disaster. Practical implications: The obtained results could be said that the route faults villages are more exposed and vulnerable before the crisis، so Losses of lives and property should be given special attention. Original/value: The importance of this study is that management could be aware of their role during the effects of the earthquake and administrative guidelines for the prevention of earthquake disaster and minimize damages in the study area.

Considering the important role of rural women in food security، the main purpose of this study is to study the rural women''s empowerment in improving household food security.

The research data was collected through questionnaires filled out by rural married women in Divandareh County. Based on random sampling، 213 of them were selected. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by the panel of food security experts and faculty members of management and agricultural development department in university of Tehran، and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach''s Alpha coefficient and composite reliability.

The results can be concluded that the rural households have not been in suitable conditions in terms of food security. Also the results of Correlation analysis showed that among all dimensions of rural women’s empowerment (economic، social & psychological) with food security of their family were significantly correlated. In addition، the results of structural equation modeling showed that dimension of rural women’s empowerment with the coefficient of determination 0. 83 (γ=0. 72، t=7. 12) had positive and significant effect on the food security of the family. Practical implications: Due to rural women'' financial weakness، it is strongly suggested that financial supports will be dedicated to improvement of rural women''s empowerment، and their access to credits through creation and development of rural credit cooperatives and microfinance institutions that provide small loans to rural poor with little income or collateral،. Original/value: In this study rural women’s empowerment in different dimensions that is contribute to improve food security were identified. The results of the study could be considerably helpful to rural development planners and policy makers for improving food security in rural communities.

Dehyaries (Rural Mayer) a public institution with legal personality independent non-governmental that some public services and forensic services in rural areas do. The main objective of the research was to study the sources of local income in the province has Dehyaries and factors affecting local income and percentage of the total annual income of the two which is. This study is an applied research and it used descriptive - analytic method for analysis. The village has a population of 678 Dehyari North Khorasan Province in 2013 and included 58 villages on Cochran is calculated using the formula. Local revenue share of total annual income of less than 15. 8 percent and Dehyaries and its spatial distribution in the Counties with the highest rate of 28. 1% in Shirvan County and a low income community to the newly founded County of border Raz & Jargalan (Unity) by a factor of 1. 1% has been allocated. Temporal and spatial characteristics of the study villages، only between population and population growth half a decade (2006-2011) with local revenue significant correlation and indices of total annual income by a factor of 0. 481 to 0. 622 and the total amount of local revenue to each of the two which the statistic 0. 422 and 0. 795 existed. Research limitation: One of the main challenges in this study is to access the information of financial Dehyaries. Practical implications: The findings، strategies include a comprehensive strategic plan for sustainable income Dehyaries، established types of companies، cooperatives and centralize the machine Dehyaries، determine the boundary for the village to receive the effects of mines and factories، increasing share of revenue traffic offenses etc. have been proposed. Original/value: This study is important in the sense that it allows identifying the share of local revenue، compared with an increase the resources and enhancing the success rate Dehyaries necessary.