Journal of Research and Rural Planning
Volume:4 Issue: 1, 2015

the tourism industry, its development requires adequate knowledge and understanding of the economic, social and cultural issues and factors.: The present study has an effort to evaluate the facilities and infrastructure that needs to development of tourism. It also identify and analysis the factors that affecting in sustainable development of tourism industry in rural area of Jiroft. This research is an applied study that has been done whit descriptive - analytical approach. Data and information in this study is collected with the both documentary and field methods. The results showed that the views of experts, the development of infrastructure and facilities that tourism development are needed them, in the rural area of Jiroft have not been satisfactory and the difference of between the average satisfaction levels and the level of expert’s satisfaction is significant. It also showed that the development of tourism and economic development in this region there have a significant relationship. But the development of tourism in the current situation it has not been able to affect in economic development of this region as it should be. Research limitation: The main limitation of this study is the lack of adequate data and statistics of infrastructure and tourist facilities. Practical implications:The development of communication infrastructure, diversify in residence places, appropriate advertising, creation of tourism villages and etc., employing the skilled manpower, The use of local materials in the construction of hotels and resorts, the increasing of local production of food items, expand production and sale of local handicrafts and conservation and restoration of monuments and historical sites, Including the strategies for sustainable development of tourism in this region. Original/value: The article innovations are in the analysis factors and offering the guidelines for tourism sustainable development in rural areas of Jiroft.

The world is constantly changing and rural areas are not exempted from this rule. Changes in the demographic structure and population absorption of the villages surrounding large city centers, metropolises and regional cities is considered as one aspect of rural development. Given that the surrounding villages, as supplementary arenas, eventually join to the city boarders, it is essential to identify the causes of population absorption and its sustainability to control the following changes. The present study aimed to investigate the causes of population absorption in Qala Khiaban- Bahonar state surrounding Mashhad metropolis. This research was based on descriptive- analytical methods, and the data were collected using both documentary and field studies. The questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software and ARC GIS was used in order to create the maps. The study considered 149 migrant households of Qala Khiaban village in view of 27 identified causes of immigration. The results of factor analysis showed that, of combination of 27 primary variables, eight factors consisted 89.68% of the variance of population absorption reasons. Among eight identified factors, the first and most important was "cheap and affordable housing" which was about 21.24% of the variance. This shows the importance of first factor than other agents. Second and third factors were "employment and economic problems" and "location and access" with 18.6% and 14.6% of the total variance, respectively.Research limitation: The major limitation of the study is the lack of information about core population of suburban areas.Practical implications: As transitional communities, Villages around metropolises have more affecting and impressible roles than other factors. Therefore, identifying the causes of their vulnerability can be useful in organizing the residential areas.Original/value: the present work is original in view of analysis on some more general motivations of migrants toward suburban settlements.

The shortage of employment opportunities is the main reason of some problems such as low income, under-development and immigration to cities in the rural areas. Along with agricultural sector, non-agricultural sector and, specially, rural industries also have high potential to raise labor employment in such areas. However, there are some factors that restrict to employ all potentials of rural industries for employment generation. This study shows how the rural industries could success to create employment under effects of environmental, structural, individual, economical, technical, social, cultural political and legal factors. The conceptual framework of this study was built base on a literature review, statistical data and interview with scholars and expertise. These materials helped us to design and modify a questionnaire which was the main element for data gathering. A systematic random sampling method was used in which a sample size of 90 firms, calculated by Cochran formula, was selected to this propose. Economically, capital amount, The amount of working capital, early studies, demand for products, places where raw materials are produced, quality and cost of competing products have effect on increasing employment. Research limitation: One of the most important research problems distribution industry professionals surveyed had access to them.Practical implications: Identify factors that influence the success of rural industries to create jobs for new job opportunities and help improve the livelihoods of rural income and balancing urban and rural incomes and thus reduce rural migration can influence.Original/value: For the first time in the country at this level of success in job creation and rural industries have been investigated factors.

Agriculture has a fundamental role in societies. The unique performance of this section of economic is the reason for strict attention to sustainable development in agriculture. Achieving this important matter needs various programs and policies which include optimizing and organizing patterns for cultivating agricultural products as a fundamental action for sustainable development in agriculture. Located in Nehbandan, Sahl-Abad Plain is one of the geographical regions in east part of the country which has severe restrictions for human and natural environment. By using goal programming model, in this study we tried to present optimized patterns for cultivating agricultural products in Sahl-Abad plain emphasizing on economic efficiency of natural basics for production such as water. This study is an applied research. For data collection, we used documentary research and fieldwork. A sample size of 250 producers living in 28 villages in Sahl-Abad plain was studied. Data analysis together with presenting patterns for cultivation has been done by cluster analysis and calculating functions of goal programming model or multiple goals. the results show that cultivating millet by current pattern is not economically or environmentally affordable. In this context, economic goals have priority to environmental goals too. The optimized pattern which is presented in both structures of goal programming and also in all groups leads to decrease in consumption of measures of production limiting agents. Research limitation: Lack of up to date statistics of production costs in agriculture section especially farming in studied regions. Practical implications: Field visits and completing questionnaires about costs/ income survey for agricultural products.Original/value: the special characteristic of this study is that it presents optimized pattern for cultivating agricultural products for a region that is fragile and vulnerable environmentally and the results of this study could be used by programmers.

The general objective of the study was to examine the social structure of organizational member's participation in cooperatives in the central part of Boyerahmad County.

A survey research method was used in this study. Research population consisted of the members of Boyer-Ahmad RPCs members (N=1809) that included about 317 ones of they were selected as research sample based on random sampling table and stratified sampling technique. Data collecting tool was a researcher developed questionnaire that its validity was verified using Factor Analysis technique and its reliability was also verified using Cronbach’s Alpha internal consistency scales. The KMO scores (from 0.513 to 0.834) and Alpha Coefficient Scores (from 0.536 to 0.91) show proper optimality of the prepared questionnaire. Finally, some statistical analysis techniques such as Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Independent Samples t-test and Logistic Regression were used to analyze data.

the results indicate that about 57.6 % of the sample categorized as lower-middle participation that who were involved as a semi-active participant group, and 42.4% categorized as good and excellent participation in the group who were active participants. In addition, The results indicate that the majority of members of the cooperative were semi-active participation the affairs of rural production cooperatives (RPCs) are examined Logistic regression results showed that the factors such as satisfaction with the services provided by cooperative, board accountability, knowledge and awareness of members about the principles and laws of the cooperative, social capital of board, and attitudes to cooperation and teamwork are the factors affecting farmer's participation in RPCs in Boyerahmad County.Research limitation: One of the main challenges in this study is high costs of completing the questionnaire, according to the extent of the study area, the main challenges facing researchers in this study.Practical implication: It is concluded that the improvement of the factors mentioned can be expected to increase the participation of members in RPCs.

Understanding the characteristics of local management skills in rural development as well as identify ways to improve the characteristics of local management skills, purpose of this is study. Research method is analytical-descriptive. We used documentary and field method for collecting required information and data. Tools of gathering data were index card and questionnaire. Research domain is central region of Ilam city that includes two rural districts of Mishlkhas and Dehpaeen. In this research questionnaire includes 22 items in Likert range that evaluate the skill characteristics including influence, power and persuading people strong public relations the ability of conducting duties low-abiding related university education experience and information planning and decision making power, The power of attracting financial resources, interaction report to village people. The results of research showed that most of rural managers of studied villages have had necessary skill characteristics for accepting management responsibility of their village. On the other hand the findings showed that all studied characteristics influence rural development. The results showed that there is a meaningful relationship between skill characteristics of rural managers and rural development but the extent of this relationship is weak.Research Limitation: Considering the short life span of the new rural management, research and projects in this regard is limited and the resources to investigate only one of the local management as well as the lack of support relevant governmental agencies from the structural limitations of this are study.Practical Implications: Selection of ccompetent and capable as local managers, training courses to increase Acquired skills required local managers, as well as the capacity of rural managers to program and consistent with the participation of all relevant organizations in the field of rural development, people and local managers published.

Given the importance of environmental awareness of villagers, this study seeks to identify and explain the factors affecting the environmental awareness of villagers in Jaghargh village in Binalud County. a descriptive – analytical research method based on survey has been used in this study. The statistical population consists of 1477 heads of households living in Jaghargh village. According to Cochran formula, a sample of 160 subjects was selected from the population using stratified sampling. A systematic-random selection method was adopted to access the subjects. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, statistical correlation analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U test and stepwise regression. The findings suggest that the villager's awareness of environmental issues is at the desirable level (2.78%). On the other hand, the results of hypotheses testing suggest social, economic and environmental issues are significantly related to environmental awareness of villagers at the significance level of 99%. Based on stepwise regression analysis, 23 variables affecting the environmental awareness of rural population were included in the regression equation, out of which only seven variables (environmental potentials, communication with institutions, interaction with others, access to production factors, environmental hazards and geographical location) were maintained. These seven variables have the most significant effect on environmental awareness of people living in the studied region. Research Limitation: The main limitation of this study is the poor literature on environmental awareness in rural areas.Practical Implications: To increase the awareness of villagers, attempts should be made to prepare the ground for the engagement, interaction, participation and education of local people about environmental issues at all levels, particularly in management, design, implementation and evaluation of projects related to the environment.Original/value: The novelty of this paper lies in examining the factors influencing the environmental awareness amid more general factors.

Natural disasters including earthquakes often have devastating effects on human settlements and make heavy losses of material and spiritual on its inhabitants. Inappropriate infrastructures in rural settlements and social inequalities between cities and villages is caused spatial ravages in the settlement network of country and continually have increased their vulnerability against natural disasters. According to country location and village's situation in vulnerable areas of the earthquake, it is necessary to be considered. The purpose of this study is analysis of rural settlements vulnerability in the central district of Marand county. This study is an applied research and with descriptive-analytic was performed.The statistical population of this study is 74 villages of Central District of Marand County. The vulnerability indexes were determined and were weighted with the survey of elites by using AHP technique. Then evaluate and ranking the vulnerability of rural settlements in study area, TOPSIS technique was used. Data processing, extraction of some of the indicators and showing results was used of geographic information systems (GIS). The results showed that there are high and very high vulnerability in more than 30 percent of the study area villages and from physical-spatial dimension, 33.29% of villages and socio-economic dimension, 44% villages have high and very high vulnerability.Research Limitation: Incomplete data about the villages is one of the challenges of the present study.Practical implications: With regard to the vulnerability of the study area is most affected by the vulnerability of physical-space thus this requires a change in the physical- spatial properties for improvement in study area to reduce vulnerability.Original/Value: The present study compared to studies done provides appropriate model for calculating the vulnerability based on the fuzzy approach by using indexes of physical and socio-economic dimensions.

Now a day uncontrolled land use changing is one of the major challenges in agricultural section in Iran. Hence a big part of agricultural lands turned out of production cycle. Rasht County as one of prepared agricultural areas of Iran faces the same challenges. The main objective of this investigation was to recognize effective factors affecting land use changing in that area and to propose some proper solutions. The study method was analytical and descriptive method which analyzed economic, social, and natural variables as effective factors on land use changing. In this study, 50 villages out of 294 ones in Rasht township which were located in both highlands and lowlands and experienced the largest land use changing during last decade were chosen on the basis of cluster sampling method. In every village some families were selected randomly on the basis of Morgan table hence 150 families were summarizing total population. Rasht Township has begun in recent years, especially from 1990. According to the satellite data, from 2003 to 2013, 35042 hectares of agricultural lands which were of the most prepared agricultural lands, and also 4832 hectares of forests and pastures have been changed. Effective factors on land use changing reviewed by economic variables framework (such as expensive agricultural inputs, low market price of agricultural productions, etc.), natural (such as topography, physical and biological degradation of soil, etc.) were analyzed. According to the results, the land use changing problem in this township is mostly affected by economic factors therefore when we recognized these factors we can provide suitable solutions. Research Limitation: The most important limitation in this study was the lack of detailed information and statistics of the amount of land use changing have done by the governmental organizations in Rasht County.Practical implications: No overall study of agricultural and forests land use changing in Rasht township was conducted using satellite data and analyzing effective factors like this study during recent decades. Original/Value: Innovation of this paper is that in recent decades by processing satellite images in two time periods and as well as analysis of the factors affecting the agricultural and forest land in the city of Rasht, comprehensive research has been done

House as a most spending time space of human, has a special position from planners attitude and had been analyzed from different views. In the develop mentalists age, cause of quantitative based and positivist thoughts overcoming, quantity of house had been emphasized as a growth measures, but with changing in theorical approaches toward sustainable development approach, quality of home improving, was introduced. Rural home has unique features because of their common pattern that are adopted with environmental conditions, rural livelihoods linkages and …in this study; we have tried to analyzing the rural house quality and differences in Kenvist rural district. For this regard, with descriptive- annalistic methodology, 25 rural of area had been selected as a sample rural and 362 questionnaires had been completed in these rural for measure assessment. We also used of statistic methods and VICORE Technique as a one of the multi criteria decision making technique for ranking the rural point based on house quality measures. The result shows that, Kheyrabad, Kenar Gushe and Farah abad rural has a best condition in quality of housing among 25 samples rural. Research Limitation: Lack of official statistical data regarding the rural housing, particularly quality of housing, is the limitations of this research.Practical implications: According to the results obtained, attention to the qualitative aspects of rural housing in the areas of housing security, housing strength, health, and infrastructure facilities construction, welfare, the Neighboring of form is emphasized.Original/Value: This study from viewpoint of qualitative indicator-oriented approach to the study of rural housing and planning is important. Because rural housing qualitatively is very different from the housing in urban areas and have high level of vulnerability.

This study aims to determine the nature of an applied research and prioritize investment in various projects in the field of agriculture processing industry is in the city of Hamedan. Certainly a priority of investing in industries and purposeful planning to facilitate the development of this industry and will prevent the loss of capital. The present study aimed to prioritize funding for the development of agricultural processing industries using Delphi approach has been done. The population in the city of Hamedan processing industry and research experts gather research data on the person and the field has been made. The questionnaire was designed by the designer and analyst, Delphi Group survey data research through the collection consists of 39 members who are all professionals and experts in the field of agriculture, the processing industry have been preparing. Our findings suggest that all processes in the prioritization of the key priorities have been potato product, which represents the strategic nature of this product because of the large percentage of the population dependent on the potato and farmer living in the city are to this product. According to research, industries such as manufacturing sunflower oil, corn syrup and marmalade fruit alcohol production and taking into account all the variables of lower priority and look less essential.Research Limitation: Evaluation of investment priority industries by using computational methods and recommendations of this study is economic.Practical implications: the standards for the return on investment return on economic capital investment projects in priority. And also giving priority to investment in products, garlic and potato processing industry in the region.Original/Value: This prioritize investment in innovative industries by using the Delphi method and consider the views of experts in the industry the results of which are widely and effectively used by the relevant agencies in the province and even with some results in the country.

The aim of the present study is to analyze the situation of rural tourism in the west of Marivan by a comprehensive approach. To convey a comprehensive understanding of the obstacles, problems and constraints that cause the desired expansion of tourism in the region, despite the potential for many rural tourism objectives. This comprehensive understanding of the situation, leading to the adoption of targeted feeder program for removing obstacles to tourism development in the villages.

Method that already applied to the quantitative research and analytical methods are described. Data from direct observation and semi-structured interviews with four officers, informants’ village, tourists and owners of tourism-related services that recruited by using snowball sampling. By using analyzing theory this study has been done and the tourism problems and obstacles in the region have been recognized. At the end, for approval of the results, questioner sheets among 30 persons of authorities and 100 tourists distributed. Data obtained with a single-sample t-test and path analysis were analyzed.

The results show that the low quality of services and facilities caused weakness in structures, transportation, low in advertising, low of training and education, the low of tourism appetite for staying, the low participation of people in program are the main issues on the way of developments of tourism in this part of Marivan. The sample groups prove all these obstacles and the last model shows that the lack of good observation is the main problem. Research Limitation: In the studying region, still there is no perception of a cooperative work of players and elements. The focus is uni-dimensional for tourism, so the result is the lack of productivity of this industry in the region.Practical implications: Take a holistic view of the system and looking at the management of rural tourism and the creation of a single entity composed of all authorities and institutions related to rural development and regional tourism.Original/Value: Because this study has a comprehensive and systematic approach for evaluation of tourism, other researchers can used this study and its data.

There have been many researches about effects of rural information and communication technology offices (ICT) in view of villagers. However there are very few studies on the offices managers’ views and their concerns. The present research seeks to identify variables affecting on service offering by managers of the rural ICT offices in Guilan province.

By correlation-descriptive method, the present research attempts to prioritize related variables with satisfaction, seeks to investigate the effective factors on job satisfaction through factor analysis and tries to compute role of each factor to explain job satisfaction. In this regard, 223 rural ICT offices were selected as a statistical sample from the society containing 553 rural ICT office of Guilan province using Cochran formula.

Results showed that variables such as social credit of the offices among villagers, skills to do official tasks, proprietress of a job with individual ability and positive effect of the offices in a village had the highest mean and managers’ satisfaction from the offices’ income and insurance had the least mean at the bottom of the ranking table. Based on findings, more than 80% of the managers’ work concern is related to low income (60%) and job security (20%). In addition, seven effective factors were summarized about work satisfaction which could explain 88% of satisfactory variance including social factor, personality factor, economic factor, Post bank, headquarters’, rural and geographic facilities.Practical implications: Regarding that the most job dissatisfaction of the rural offices’ managers was in relation with pension insurance, therefore, establishing offices’ insurance fund by committees of each division of cities and cooperation to deposit amount of self-employed insurance and offering legal representation to the representative of the committee to pursue the matter is one of the existing option at the present condition. Original/value: Rural ICT offices have an important role to decrease digital divide. Findings of this research may be considered by authorities and planners of the state rural ICT.