Caspian Journal of Dental Research
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Sep 2016

Evaluation is a critical issue to achieve the goals of academic education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the achievement level of educational objectives in Babol dental school using the CIPP (content, input, process, and product) model based on the point of view of students.
This cross-sectional study was performed using a researcher made questionnaire based on CIPP model for three educational groups of pediatrics, orthodontics and restorative dentistry among dental students accepted in 2008 and 2009. Total scores were calculated for each field and categorized as undesirable, relatively desirable and desirable with scores below 50, 51-70 and 71-100, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using ANONA, T-test and Tukey HSD tests and p The mean scores were desirable in all groups. Mean scores allocated to the content, input, process and product areas were not significantly different in the pediatrics, orthodontics and restorative dentistry groups.
Based on the student’s point of view, the pediatrics, orthodontics and restorative dentistry departments of Babol dental school were successful in achieving educational goals.

Nowadays, using implants as a choice in patient's treatment plans has become popular. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mandibular lingual and maxillary buccal concavity, mean concavity depth and angle and its relation to age and gender.
In 200 CBCT, concavity depth and angle were measured in 2 mm superior to the inferior alveolar canal in the mandibular first molar area and in 1 mm distance from nasal floor in the midpoint region of maxillary lateral incisor and canine. Concavity depth and angle relationships with age and gender have been evaluated using Spearman Correlation and a t-test.
Mean and standard deviation of lingual concavity, concavity angle and ridge angle in mandible were 1.3±1.54 mm, 15.45±16.19 and 10.13±6.1. Mean and standard deviation of buccal concavity and concavity angle in maxilla were 5.35±1.03 mm and 30.6±5.75. Mandibular concavity depth was zero in 44% of subjects and more than zero in 56%. Results were more than 3 mm in maxillary samples. There was a linear relationship between mandibular concavity depth and age equaled to -0.27, p=0.007 and for mandibular concavity angle and age equaled to -0.25, p=0.01. There was no significant relationship between mandibular ridge angle and age. In maxilla, there was no linear relationship between age and gender with any other variables
It is necessary to provide more information on these region's anatomy using CBCT cross sections before implant placement.

Differentiation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is an initial and very important event in tumor genesis. Myofibroblasts produce proteinases that stimulate invasion in cancers. Due to the more malignant potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) compared to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) , the aim of the present study was to compare myofibroblasts between OSCC and CSCC to understand whether myofibroblasts can help more malignant potential of OSCC compared to CSCC or not.
This cross-sectional study included 40 cases of OSCC and CSCC and 20 cases of normal skin and normal oral mucosa. Then, 4-micron sections of paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of studied groups were stained immunohistochemically with α-SMA antibody. Mean percentage of myofibroblasts was calculated in invasive fronts of OSCCs with CSCCs and also in normal samples and staining intensity of cells for α-SMA marker and distribution pattern of myofibroblasts were determined.
The differences of average percentage of myofibroblasts in OSCC and CSCC compared to normal groups were significant (Pvalue= 0.007 and Pvalue=0.003 respectively), but when we compared OSCCs and CSCCs, the difference was not significant. Also, there were no significant differences between OSCC and CSCC with regard to staining intensity and pattern.
Different biologic behavior of OSCC compared to CSCC doesn’t depend on myofibroblasts and other factors can be involved.

The shade selection ability of dentists is a necessary element in natural tooth color recreation. Visual shade selection is affected by light source variables. The aim of this study was to compare the results of shade matching under three light conditions.
The Ishihara test was doneon58 volunteers participated in this study: 40 dental interns, 10 Postgraduate students of restorative dentistry, 8 Postgraduate students of prosthodontics. Totally, 9 classical vita shade tabs were randomly chosen and their codes were covered. The participants matched these 9 shades with a complete classical vita shade under the lighting condition in the dental office, natural light and corrected light source. Matching scores were computed and the mean of the color differences between the citation shades and the chosen shades counted with ΔEab* formula. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney, Friedman and Wilcoxon test.
The average of shade matching scores with correcting light (7.87) was higher than the lighting conditions in the dental office (3.94) and natural light(5.53). Comparison of ΔE between three light conditions was significant (P0.05).There was a significant difference between scores of under-graduate and post-graduate students (P To achieve successful shade matching, it is recommended to use the corrected light source. The combination of using corrected light and training can improve shade matching performance.

Alpha amylase is the most abundant enzyme of parotid gland. This enzyme starts digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. A pair of parotid glands is located in front of ears. Several studies have been conducted on the effects of mobile phones on the parotid gland. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mobile phones on the activity of the amylase enzyme.
Totally, 251 men and women aged 18 to 55 years, who only used Hamrahe Aval's operator were included. Parotid salivary samples of each individual were bilaterally collected using capillary tube placed in the vicinity of Stensen's duct. Bilateral amylase activity of each individual was evaluated with spectrophotometric method in the laboratory considering dominant sides of phone conversation and chewing. Data were analyzed using Two-way ANOVA, χ2, T test and SPSS software.
The relationship between the dominant phone conversation side and parotid amylase activity was not statistically significant but the correlation between prevailing chewing side and amylase activity was statistically significant (p=0.001).
Handheld mobile phone was not effective on parotid amylase enzyme activity whereas chewing was effective on parotid amylase enzyme activity.

Dental wastes due to having bacterial disease-causing agents and toxic chemicals are categorized in hazardous wastes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantity and composition of dental waste produced by general and specialized dental offices in babol city.
From all dental offices (170 and 40 dental offices were related to general and specialized respectively) in Babol city, 20 general and 5 specialized offices were randomly selected. Waste samples were collected three times a week (Sunday, Monday and Tuesday), 50 sub-groups were separated and weighted by a digital scale with accuracy of 0.01 gram. The data were presented by excel and word software in figures and tables.
The total wastes of general and specialized offices were 11829 and 2831.5 kg/year, respectively. The percentages of domestic-type, infectious, pharmaceutical and toxic wastes in general dental offices were 52.5%, 42.5%, 4.7% and 0.3%; and in specialized offices were 42.5%, 50%, 7% and 0.5%, respectively. Most components in a variety of dental waste included plastic, paper, plaster molds, glass and metal.
Due to the large contents of plastic, paper, plaster molds, glass and metals in domestic- type and infectious wastes produced in the general and specialized dental offices, it is necessary to manage the wastes and their separation and recycling in source place.

The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of light-curing modes and shades of methacrylate and silorane-based composite resins on temperature rise during polymerization of composite resins.
In this in vitro study, ninety composite samples with two types of composite resin - methacrylate-based and a low-shrinkage silorane-based were prepared, in 3 groups (30 samples in each group), Group 1: Filtek Z250 (shade A3), Group 2: Filtek Z250 (shade B2) and Group 3: Filtek P90 (shade A3). To evaluate temperature changes, 15 samples and the other half were light-cured using the standard and soft start curing modes for 40 seconds, respectively. A k-type thermocouple was used to recorded temperature changes.
Temperature rise in the silorane-based composite resin group (group 3) was higher than that in the methacrylate-based one (group 1) (P Factors such as composite resin type, shade and curing mode affected temperature changes in composite resins evaluated in the present study.