نشریه پژوهش های روابط بین الملل
سال سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 10، زمستان 1392)

Israel and Republic of Azerbaijan as countries with a large geographical distance and great religious, language and cultural differences have close and extensive ties in various fields particularly security- political. To understand the reason of these close and extensive ties, in addition to common interest of two countries from this relationship, it’s necessary to notice an external factor that is Iran and their common perception of threat from the Islamic Republic of Iran. In Fact Israel and Republic of Azerbaijan perceive Iran as a threat to their interests. Perception of this common threat leads them to shape extensive military- security and political- economic ties. This is the main question of the article: why in spite of geographical distance and cultural, religious and language differences there are considerable ties between the two countries? To answer this question the authors use defensive realism theory. They believe that Republic of Azerbaijan and Israel based on a common understanding of interest and concern of common threat from Islamic Republic of Iran extend their ties to create a balance of power against it.

Competition and cooperation have been two sides of the coin of international relations within the length of time. Competition necessarily draws attention to the importance of material capacity. Naturally, cooperation leads vision to the agent-based components. Security as the most valuable commodity in the structure of theoretical framework vitalizes within the discipline for the actor who has a distinct position and distribution of capabilities has marked influence for him. Emphasizing the importance of the agent's identity in shaping phenomena and events, a discipline should be manifested in international relations which provides the lowest identity conflicts and the most intersubjective similarity. Such a discipline creates the auspicious context to vitalize all security requirements. Optimal international relations for each player certainly depends on the issue that “to what extent the security will be achieved?” Paper question is “what is the best framework to security shaping?” Given the multidimensional essence of security and that the material and social aspects have a decisive role in shaping the mentioned issues, the hypothesis of paper is focused on the environment with minimal conflict of identity and highest position for the player which is certainly the appropriate secure environment.

Since the tourism is a Effective factor in cultural development in levels of the national, regional and international and is effective in Creating regional and international peace and stability and increase academic engagement, economic and social productivity growth, community unity, the evolution of values and traditions. Since tourism can create an atmosphere of peace among nations that maintain and respect the cultural identities more done. This Article is with aim to determine the role of Religious tourism in Cultural Diplomacy and Unity of the Islamic World. This is an introduction to the development of tourism in Islamic countries and to build and strengthen of peace and friendship and cultural integration on the one hand and promote cooperation between governments in create and development of security and cultural exchanges as an introduction to the economic and political cooperation. In this article the author seeks to answer this question that the role of religious tourism in Cultural Diplomacy and Unity of the Islamic World? This will be achieved in this article assume that religious tourism can be an effective role in Cultural Diplomacy of Countries, convergence and Unity of the Islamic World. Our method of research is analytic and descriptive with using the library means and Internet database.

After the September 11 events US foreign policy was influenced by the terrorism phenomenon more than the past and lead U.S. politician's consider terrorism more and more. Accordingly, many argue that the terrorist acts of September 11 are new chapter in United State's foreign policy. This paper seeks to answer this question that what impacts terrorism after September 11 has had an on U.S. foreign policy or in other words, what changes has happened in the United States of America's foreign policy approaches following these events influenced by the terrorism phenomenon? These changes in attitude and behavior of American leaders in dealing with terrorism during the George W. Bush and Barack Obama; And that terrorism could provide an opportunity for the leaders of this country in order to adopt new strategies and different ideas to fix US hegemony in the international arena. The paper is based on analytical - comparative method.

The national interests of small and medium powers have always been influenced by competition between big powers. Meanwhile, strategic competition between big powers in Caspian see has affected Iranian interests in the region. The intervention of trans regional powers in Caspian region after the collapse of soviet union, has increased and affected national interests of Caspian states. It is obvious that Russia as heir of soviet union cannot tolerate the increasing presence of the united states and other western powers and endeavors to restore its hegemonic situation in the region by different means especially energy diplomacy. The present paper claims that Russia is able to increase its geopolitical influence in the region. However it must be noted that Russia instrumentally exploits other Caspian states especially Iran in its strategic competition with the United States. Accordingly Russia merely takes advantage of Iran’s potentials while not considering its concerns.

After the outbreak of the Arab revolutions is one of the important topics in studies of the Middle East, Thematic analysis of the dramatic transformation of the passer and theories. How the new approach and the post -colonialism theory Saidism or approach (Edward said), can the Arab world developments for 2011 and 2102 study? In fact, with the rise of the popular, 2010 -2011 events of the revolutions in the Arab world, a new profile of the make-up of the Government and the power of socio-political forces, in the Arab region is presented. Consequently, the direct impact on a new articulation, offering a new regional order. Therefore this document from the angle of revolution, with the impact of Arabic on the new Middle East order, particularly the critical security order.

Foreign policy has an especial place for the different countries, and following it, investigation and study of the different dimensions of the foreign policy are very important both for the politicians and the intellectuals of this field. One of the most important ways of the investigation of the foreign policy of the countries is the application of the different theories because of the different frameworks and principles that these theories offer. The different principles of these theories have led to the different results that obtained from them. Also, so far, various theories have been applied for the clarification of the nature, process and execution of the foreign policy of Iran Islamic Republic. But these theories couldn’t analyze really the nature and the process of the decision- making and or execute the foreign policy of Iran Islamic Republic, because of the domination of the materialism and realistic theories in this field. It seems that with the appearance of the new theories such as the constructivism that have significant theoretic capability due to the attention to the immaterial dimensions and the internal identification of the countries, the background of the better clarification of the foreign policy of Iran Islamic Republic has been prepared. In this paper, we want to investigate the foreign policy of Iran Islamic Republic in the ninth and tenth government- based on the principles of the constructivism theory. We assume that the constructivism theory can analyze the foreign policy of Iran in this period, so that in addition to the kind of the relation of Iran and Russia, the other axes of the foreign policy of Iran in the given period can be analyzed in the constructivism point of view.