فهرست مطالب

Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Autumn 2018

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1397/08/19
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Leila Khojastepour, Maryam Zangooei, Booshehri, Arezoo Rajaei *, Mustafa Rezaei Pages 153-160
    BACKGROUND AND AIM
    This study aimed to assess maxillary sinus floor membrane thickness and ostium patency (OP) in patients undergoing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation for implant placement in the posterior maxilla. Mucosal thickening (MT) could be cause of post-operative complications in implant procedures; awareness of this incidence could help proper detection and further success of implantation.
    METHODS
    The CBCT scans of 620 implant candidates were examined and MT of ≥ 2 mm was considered pathological. The mucosal appearance, the OP as “patent” or “obstructed”, and unilateral or bilateral MT was assessed. Age, gender, smoking condition, and season were considered. Chi-square test was used to show the association between different variants in our study. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant.
    RESULTS
    An MT ≥ 2 mm was detected in 39.8% of patients; cases were mostly bilateral (56.3%) and detected during the winter (38.1%). There was a higher incidence among male patients (59.9%). Most participants who smoked had an MT ≥ 2 mm (70.8%). The irregular shape was the most prevalent appearance (43.5%). Ostium obstruction was observed in (55.7%) of sinuses with MT and was mostly seen as unilateral sinus involvement. The complete appearance had the highest risk of ostium obstruction (100%) and the round shape had the lowest (17.3%).
    CONCLUSION
    The present study revealed that maxillary sinus MT was highly prevalent during the winter and among smokers and men. Complete and unilateral type of MT is associated with an increased risk of ostium obstruction. Therefore, the precise study of a CBCT scan could influence dental implant planning or necessitate special consideration.
    Keywords: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Dental Implant, Maxillary Sinus, Mucous Membrane, Smoking
  • Fatemeh Jahanghiri, Sepehr Pourmonajemzadeh, Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour * Pages 161-167
    BACKGROUND AND AIM
    The present study aims in assessing the compliance in diagnosis of oral hygiene by means of clinical examination, oral photography, and Global Oral Health Scale criteria.
    METHODS
    The total number of 100 patients referring to the school of dentistry was examined regarding the teeth decay, cavities, as well as gum and periodontal conditions. Finally, 20 patients were selected among them and the standard registered intraoral photos were provided from each of them in order to prepare an archive. The completed archive was examined by 60 specialists and specialist residents and 100 general dentists. The participants were requested to grade oral health of each patient based on the photographs. Grading system was as follows: very good (0), good (1), medium (2), and poor (3). The results of reviews were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test, chi-square, and Bonferroni correction via SPSS software. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
    RESULTS
    94 persons or 59.1% correctly diagnosed the oral hygiene of 7 to 12 patients based on the photography. However, the number of the correct diagnoses did not exceed more than 14 cases by none of the participants. The overestimation was observed in 84.1% (134 persons) of the participants about the case number 10 (one 1st-grade patient) and also underestimation in the case number 1 (one 3rd-grade patient). The female participants showed higher compliance regarding the 2nd grade (P = 0.001), while male participants showed higher compliance regarding the 1st grade (P = 0.002). In addition, statistically significant differences were attained with respect to the field of specialization of respondents. General dentists had the highest conformity rate in their answer to grade one, and periodontists and postgraduate students had highest conformity rates reported for grades 2 and 3.
    CONCLUSION
    The results revealed that compared to the patients’ photography, utilizing the Global Oral Health Scale as an innovative indicator can be very useful, especially for the patients with perfect or weak oral hygiene, epidemiological studies, and comparisons of different populations.
    Keywords: Diagnosis, Photography, Oral Examination
  • Raziyeh Shojaeipour, Azadeh Horri *, Emad Elamdari Pages 168-173
    BACKGROUND AND AIM
    The patient's viewpoint on prevention, healthy diet, and disease recovery clearly relates to the relationship between the therapist and the patient. In this research, the importance of communication techniques between the patients and the dentists are investigated in order to improve the level of functional knowledge of patients for observing the oral hygiene and carrying out the activities in the field of dental diseases prevention and treatment.
    METHODS
    In this study, the patients who had received dental treatment were interviewed by a dental student at a general or specialized department in one of the clinical departments and then a questionnaire was completed for each patient. Later on for measuring the data, SPSS software was used. P < 0.0500 was considered statistically significant. The collected data were analyzed by t-test, chi-square test, and logestic regression.
    RESULTS
    In this cross-sectional study, 276 patients were studied along with a number of students who were enrolled. Of 276 patients, 46.4% were men and 53.6% were women. The dental students were 53.6% men and 46.4% women, 79.3% were general dentists and 20.7% were specialists. The average score for answering the aforementioned questionnaire was 18.30 ± 1.91 out of 20. This score had a significant relationship with students' age (P = 0.0001), but did not have a significant relationship with the gender of the students (P = 0.2700) or that of patients (P = 0.5600).
    CONCLUSION
    By increasing the age of the therapists, regarding the viewpoint of the patients, the communication skills were used more effectively, but the use of communication skills was not affected by the therapists’ or patients’ gender.
    Keywords: Communication, Students, Patients, Dentistry
  • Shahla Kakoei, Elaheh Amirshekari, Maryam Rad, Maryam Alsadat Hashemipour, Marjan Kheirmand, Parizi * Pages 174-181
    BACKGROUND AND AIM
    This study was conducted to investigate the self-perception of mouth odor and its correlation with different variables.
    METHODS
    This cross-sectional study was carried out on 260 individuals who were asked about their perception of personal mouth odor. Factors such as age, gender, oral hygiene, periodontal and dental status, tongue coating, and medical history were recorded on a checklist. Halitosis was evaluated using an etiquette checker. The variables were analyzed using the independent samples t-test and multiple logistic regressions.
    RESULTS
    Of 260 individuals, 101 persons claimed to have halitosis. The prevalence of pseudo-halitosis was 13.5%. Female gender, spontaneous bleeding and bleeding during dental brushing, periodontal index (PI), and tongue coating had a significant association with genuine halitosis according to logistic regression. The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index had a significant association with pseudo- and genuine halitosis.
    CONCLUSION
    Dental status, tongue coating, female gender, and periodontal disease were most significantly related to halitosis.
    Keywords: Halitosis, Oral Health, Prevalence
  • Fatemeh Sadat Sajadi *, Molook Torabi, Zahra Salari, Behshad Shamsolmaali Pages 182-190
    BACKGROUND AND AIM
    Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology. The social-behavioral factors play an important role in development of dental caries. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of social-behavioral factors on dental caries in 3-6-year-old children in Kerman, Iran.
    METHODS
    This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 857 children aged 3-6 years. Data collection tools were clinical examination and a form which contained two sections. The first section included demographic characteristics of children and record of their decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index, whereas the second section contained questions on social-behavioral factors of children and parents, which were designed in four areas of oral health service system, as well as environmental, social-cultural, and risk behaviors factors. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using statistical tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), t-test, and multiple linear regression model. In addition, P-value of 0.0500 was considered significant.
    RESULTS
    In this research, 456 subjects were female and 401 were male. Moreover, mean age of the children was 4.76 ± 1.04 years. A significant relationship was observed between the mean DMFT index and level of education and marital status of parents (P = 0.001). Children of parents with higher education and occupational status had lower mean DMFT index. On the other hand, a significant association was found between mean DMFT index and the variables of milk consumption at night (P = 0.001), consumption of sweets and biscuits (P = 0.038), and use of toothbrush (P = 0.005) and dental floss (P = 0.001). Furthermore, a significant relationship was observed between the mean DMFT index and age of children (P = 0.001).
    CONCLUSION
    Despite the advancements made in social, cultural, economic, and health aspects of treatment over the past few years, there is still a direct relationship between social-behavioral factors and dental caries in preschool children.
    Keywords: Dental Caries, Social Factors, Behavioral Factors, Preschool Children
  • Nader Navabi *, Arash Shahravan, Ehsan Haj, Esmaeilzadeh Pages 191-197
    BACKGROUND AND AIM
    Proper scientific reporting is necessary to ensure correct interpretation of study results by readers. Systematic reviews (SRs) are of critical importance in evidence-based dentistry. This study assessed the reporting quality of published dental SRs in Iran.
    METHODS
    The PubMed and ISI electronic databases were searched to collect published Iranian dental SRs up to the end of 2016. A 17-item checklist, based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Statement, was used to analyze the completeness of SRs reporting.
    RESULTS
    42 SRs were included in this study. The majority were published in the two fields of endodontics and oral and maxillofacial surgery (38.0%). The mean overall reporting quality score was 18.48 ± 5.03 out of 30 for meta-analyses and 24 for SRs. Inadequate reporting of PICO question (Problem/Patient/Population, Intervention/Indicator, Comparison, Outcome) (73.8%), level of strength (57.1%), and financial supporter (52.4%) were observed.
    CONCLUSION
    The results of this study suggest that the reporting quality of Iranian dental SRs should be further improved.
    Keywords: Systematic Review, Dentistry, Iran
  • Marzieh Karimi, Afshar, Molook Torabi *, Freshteh Safarian, Mohammad Ali Dehghan, Mehrnaz Karimi, Afshar Pages 198-204
    BACKGROUND AND AIM
    Dental problems and oral diseases can have their own effects on social-psychological aspects, physical conditions, as well as quality of life (QOL) in individuals. In this regard, malocclusion can influence functional, socio-economic, and psychological aspects in patients. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of orthodontic treatments on QOL.
    METHODS
    This prospective study was conducted on 65 patients with malocclusion selected through simple convenience sampling method. The data were collected via a demographic characteristics information form and 22-item Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) in 4 domains (social aspects, dentofacial aesthetics, oral functions, and awareness of dentofacial aesthetics) before treatment, six months after treatment, and at the end of treatment. The data were then analyzed using SPSS software and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. The P-value was considered at a 0.0500 significance level.
    RESULTS
    In the present study, 73.8% of the patients were women. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the age of the study participants was also equal to 18.79 ± 7.35 years. As well, the mean and SD scores of the questionnaire before treatment, six months after treatment, and at the end of treatment were reported as 14.71 ± 11.37, 18.05 ± 12.12, and 12.07 ± 8.13, respectively. No significant correlation was also observed between gender and QOL. In addition, QOL had significantly degraded six months after treatment. Furthermore, there was a significant difference between QOL at pre- and post-treatment stages.
    CONCLUSION
    Based on the finding of the present study, OQLQ was reported significantly poorer six months after treatment compared to that before treatment. Orthodontic treatment could also significantly boost QOL. Finally, it was recommended to consider QOL in orthodontic treatments.
    Keywords: Quality of Life, Orthodontic Treatment, Malocclusion
  • Iman Parisay, Parnian Poureslami, Hamidreza Poureslami *, Shiva Pouradeli, Fatemeh Mohammadi Pages 205-210
    BACKGROUND AND AIM
    Previous studies have shown that lactobacillus presented in food products affects oral ecology. In this study, we decided to show the effect of periodic use of Kidi Lact, a product containing probiotic bacteria which is recommended for improvement of gastrointestinal (GI) function in babies and children by physicians, on level of streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) in saliva among children between 8-12 years old. There are no previous studies in this relation.
    METHODS
    This randomized crossover double-blind study was conducted on 30 healthy children between the age of 8-12 years. It included four steps. In the first step, children randomly were divided in two groups; in the step two, one of them used 1gr Kidi Lact every day and other group used placebo every day during two weeks, randomly. In the third step, children used none of them for one month, and finally in the step four, those who used Kidi Lact at step two, used placebo and other group vice versa. At the end of each step, samples of the children saliva was prepared and then, the number of S. mutans in the non-stimulated saliva samples was measured with microbial culture method. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis.
    RESULTS
    S. mutans reduction in saliva after using Kidi Lact was statistically significant (P < 0.001), but it showed no significant reduction after using placebo (P = 0.100). The amount of S. mutans in the two groups had no significant difference before using Kidi Lact and placebo (P = 0.406). Amount of S. mutans in the groups after using placebo and Kidi Lact was significant (P < 0.001).
    CONCLUSION
    According to the present study, periodic use of Kidi Lact as a mouth wash has a strong effect on amount of S. mutans in saliva. So, physicians can be advised to tell their patients about rinsing of Kidi Lact before its swallowing.
    Keywords: Streptococcus Mutans, Saliva, Probiotic