فصلنامه پژوهش نامه زنان
سال ششم شماره 3 (پیاپی 13، پاییز 1394)

The present study is a qualitative one conducted with the aim of perceiving young women expectations from their husbands. Grounded theory and in-depth interview technique were employed for the purpose of studying women expectations. Data analysis reveals that young women expectations are formed by equality-seeking inclinations، modern style marriages، occupation، and the like. Moreover، young women take advantage of various strategies like clearing up expectations، challenging gender discriminations، restricted maternity، and emphasis on “I” subject. These will eventually lead to active closeness، reproduction of mutual relations، and privacy protection. The findings reveal that young women، through their expectations، seek to transcend lower social status and reach higher social status. For that reason، they think of higher life levels and attempt for surpassing their social status by relying on power production sources

The present study aims at analyzing women adages through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis, and comparing them in Amsal o Hekam (Proverbs and Mottos) and Kucheh dictionaries. The corpus of the study consisted of all women-related adages in the two dictionaries. Fairclough's and Halliday-Matison's approach, particularly textual meta-function, were used as the theoretical framework. The research enjoys both qualitative and quantitative elements. The qualitative elements were critical discourse analysis tools and quantitative approach involved calculating the reliability of the questionnaires based on Cronbach's alpha test. 1-Power relations influence women-related adages, and power has been distributed asymmetrically not only between men and women but also among women themselves, considering their social role and status. 2-The ideology dominating the discourse of both dictionaries is suggestive of gender discrimination and inequality and is based on kinship structure. The general trend of women-related adages in Persian dictionaries aims at establishing balance and combatting inequality. However, transformations to social structures are not necessarily concomitant with those of linguistic structures.

The attitude towards women in the works of prominent historical, academic, and literary figures has been widely studied by researchers, particularly by those researchers working on women issues. The present study aims at studying the attitude of Hafez Shirazi towards women. The author has taken advantage of Hermeneutics methodology and has compared her findings with those provided by commentators on Hafez poetry.The following findings eventually emerged: A.The attitude of Hafez towards women is not exempt from the cultural, social, and political context of his era. B.In Hafez poetry, women are generally portrayed by their physical features like beauty and are presented as dearly beloved ones. The poet praises them with modesty, desire, aspiration, and affection. Nonetheless, on some rare occasions (attributed to Hafez's wife) woman is praised for her moral and human features.

The present study aims at exploring how foreign travel writers have expounded on social and cultural elements of Bakhtiyari Tribe women. The study enjoys a historical explanation research method and has been organized by reference to the documents and data provided by foreign travelers. The findings reveal that foreign travelers paid particular attention to Bakhtiyari Tribe women's state of affairs, particularly female foreign travelers who were in close relationship with Bakhtiyari women and investigated their lifestyle more precisely and meticulously. Amongst these travelers, English travelers seem to have provided more accurate and richer data about Bakhtiyari women, in comparison with others. This could be seen as part of the attempts made by the Englishmen to achieve more political and economic penetration in Bakhtiyari Tribe.

The present paper studies the physical indices affecting women sense of security in urban spaces. By analyzing required data and recognizing crucial factors affecting women security in urban spaces, we aim at providing an outlook on key factors in women sense of security in cities. The research methodology is a descriptive-analytic one which illustrates physical features of designing urban spaces, in a way. The data was collected through questionnaires and secondary sources of data. The main section of research data, deployed for analyzing women sense of security in urban physical spaces, was conducted within the defined framework of indices including the quality of roadways, green spaces, lightning, urban furniture, population density, and closeness or openness of spaces.

The present paper studies the relationship between married women sexual identity and their attitudes towards matrimonial rights. The propositions put forth by liberal feminism on women legal inequalities and women process of socialization—whereby they acquire socially-established gender stereotypes dominating family affairs, occupation, and education—form the theoretical framework of this study. Moreover, sexual identity was studied based on Richards Jenkin's and Anthony Giddens’ theories. Attitudes towards matrimonial rights have been studied with regard to three facets of awareness, emotion, and behavior. The research methodology was a survey-based one and questionnaires were completed by interview technique. Regression and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis and data correlation. The results show that within the process of identity modernization, we are witnessing growing increase in legal awareness, dissatisfaction with laws, and inclinations for showing resistance against existing laws.

The effect of gender on comprehending the texts has turned into one of the important issues in the field of comprehending religious texts over the last decades. With the emergence and development of feministic sciences, this theory has been extended to feminine reading of religious and Islamic texts. Amina Wadud (born in 1952), a newly-converted African American Muslim, is one the active researchers of this field of study, with a progressive focus on the holy Quran. The present paper studies Amina Wadud's views in her main work, Quran and Woman. She claims that the manners by which women have been treated so far under Islamic tradition, have not been very fair and what lies at the root of this inequality is that commentaries on the Quran have all been written and organized by men and based on their needs, perceptions, and concerns. Given that, she has attempted to come to novel interpretations of Islamic principles and concepts about women via re-reading the holy Quran and based on modern perceptions and expectations of women.

Alamtaj Ghaemmaghami, better known as Zhaleh, was one of the critical and idealistic poetesses of Constitution era. She lived at an era in which the society held conservative views towards woman and her social activities. This made Zhaleh show her protest against the subjugation of women via her poetry. She provoked her contemporary women to emancipate themselves from limitations which had shackled and fettered them, and was concerned about the patriarchal society which suppressed women and deprived them of their rights. Looking afresh at Zhaleh's poetry, the present study aims at expounding on her beliefs and thoughts with regard to defending women rights.