فصلنامه جامعه پژوهی فرهنگی
سال یکم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1389)

The purpose of this article is to identify main characteristics of left discourse in texts of socialist and Marxist groups in Iran. Present article suggests a theoretical approach in which interactions between internal and external elements، such as articulation of global and Iranian elements، are considered crucial to understand Iranian society. This approach has been used to understand left discourse in Iran. Socialist ideas mainly came to Iran from Russia by political or revolutionary parties. These ideas were absorbed by Iran society and articulated with local elements. Finally، a hybrid left discourse developed in Iran that was articulated from both global socialist ideas and Iranian elements.

Law and order is considered as the basis of administration، and its implementation as the criterion of evaluation. The prevalence of law and respect for it has been a touchstone in western countries even during the age of absolutism. Such orientation provided a favorable background for lawfulness in various realms in those regions. While in Iran because of the presence of dictatorial regimes، and ruling upon personal whims along with the lack of law and any respect for it، lawlessness prevailed. That in turn was translated into patterns of evading law in administration and ruling the country in general. This spirit set in the past which prevailed with full vigor during the Qajar period، even the constitutional revolution was not able to shake its foundation.

Today، Non formal education as an effective solution is a way for achieving citizenship education. This study investigated use of non formal education in citizenship education and its effect on promoting knowledge and awareness of staffs in 1389. This quasi-experimental study is based on a pre-test/post-test plan for one group. The statistical community 200 staffs with a sample size of 57 voluntary people from the permanent employees of this center. Data were gathered from samples at two stages. Staffs were educated with traditional education. The data-gathering instrument was a questionnaire. The data gathered were analyzed through SPSS V. 11 software. The pre-test/post-test respectively was 9. 53 and 13. 98. Findings showed that the primary level of knowledge of verbal communication in staffs were significantly low. Also، a dependent T test showed a significant mean difference in pre and post tests` values (sig=0. 001 < alpha= 0. 05). So، because of the effectiveness of this method in learning، we can recommend it in other public and private centers for designing and delivering verbal communication and other topics of non formal and citizenship education.

The present research project seeks to investigate the relationship between media use and the youths'' feelings with regard to social life; media use (kind، amount، and content of media) and its relation with the youths'' feelings regarding their surrounding world. The employed methodology was survey and the subjects included all the youngsters (aged 15 -29) living in Gorgan city، Golestan، Iran. The selected sample included some 400 people who had been chosen randomly. The measurement tool in this research was SLF scale، designed by Carl، F.، Shoucler to measure feelings with regard to social life; a researcher made questionnaire was also employed to measure amount of media use and other variables. The results of the study show that there is a negative relationship between kind of media use by the youths and their feelings; meaning that the higher modern media use priority، the more negative their feelings with regard to social life; it was also recognized that the political، historical، entertaining، sports،… contents of the media are different from the youths'' feelings with regard to social life. The results also indicated that there is not any significant difference between the youngsters'' media use and their feelings regarding social life.

In this paper tries to study the place of Iranian Armenians identity as a minority of two different identity trends; «national identity environment» and «religious and ethnic identity environment through the process of globalization. In this case it has been assumed that the Armenians due to national affiliations as the» Armenian Iranians«and religious affiliations that link them to the Christians Global community can be appropriated to bring up the role of diverse elements of local and global identity. The results show that the Iranian Armenians prior to keep their Iranian nationality first then ethnic identity in the globalization process، besides they are trying to maintain and highlight their religious and ethnic identity in the real world، and redefine specific identity of the Armenian through capabilities of virtual environment.

The term ideology was used for the first time by the French philosopher «Destutt de Tracy» in 1796 to mean knowing the ideas، but this term due to its high level of descriptive capacity was quickly welcomed by other philosophers and politicians and was interpreted and utilized with different and contradictory aspects. The negative aspect refer to the false belief and the positive aspect emphasizes the ideology as a means of creating responsibility and identity. The combination of this term with the term science incorporates a vaster meaning based on the idea and proposals of thinkers and the ideological aspect of science scrutinizes the different forms of association and prospect of ideology and its consequences. Some consider this association as hideous and others refer to as natural and essential. the present essay tries to survey the different aspects of the ideological science and its consequences and effects based on emphasizing the social-cultural pathology and the negative aspects of the ideological function. The method of the research is based on the library resources and content analysis.